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The acoustic detection of potential predator in domestic horse (Equus caballus)
Vidimská, Tereza ; Komárková, Martina (advisor) ; Fuchs, Roman (referee)
Equidae belong to a group of large herbivores, which survival in natural environment depends beside others on their capability of fast predator recognition and detection. They can sensually recognise a possible threat in advance and react by immediate escape, which increases their survival. Also domestic horses still show very sensitive reaction to sudden (unexpected) stimuli. So we assume, that the ability to detect predator immediately is conserved despite of the long domestication process. The supportive indirect evidence is given by the successful breeding of the feral herds all over the world. However, studies showing the direct reaction of domestic horse toward the canids (as the most common predators), are still absent. Aim of the work was to find, if the horses (Equus caballus) could recognize acoustic sign of dogs like predators and if they could recognize the level of potential threat according to the number of predators, similarly as their wild ancestors. The recordings of barking of big dog breeds were obtained and modified. The final recording contained the set of barking coming from one individual or three different. The recording was played to the experimental horses, under controlled conditions, together with white sound as a control. The reactions were recorded. Altogether 12...
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The acoustic detection of potential predator in domestic horse (Equus caballus)
Vidimská, Tereza ; Komárková, Martina (advisor) ; Fuchs, Roman (referee)
Equidae belong to a group of large herbivores, which survival in natural environment depends beside others on their capability of fast predator recognition and detection. They can sensually recognise a possible threat in advance and react by immediate escape, which increases their survival. Also domestic horses still show very sensitive reaction to sudden (unexpected) stimuli. So we assume, that the ability to detect predator immediately is conserved despite of the long domestication process. The supportive indirect evidence is given by the successful breeding of the feral herds all over the world. However, studies showing the direct reaction of domestic horse toward the canids (as the most common predators), are still absent. Aim of the work was to find, if the horses (Equus caballus) could recognize acoustic sign of dogs like predators and if they could recognize the level of potential threat according to the number of predators, similarly as their wild ancestors. The recordings of barking of big dog breeds were obtained and modified. The final recording contained the set of barking coming from one individual or three different. The recording was played to the experimental horses, under controled conditions, together with white sound as a control. The reactions were recorded. Altogether 12 horses out of...
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Individual variation in vocalization of Carnivores
Švůgrová, Barbora ; Linhart, Pavel (advisor) ; Vokurková, Jana (referee)
For carnivorans, as well as for other groups of animals, it is very important to be able to recognize other individuals. In this thesis, I focused on individual vocal variation in carnivoran's calls. I reviewed studies which desribed individual variability of calls in carnivorans. I focused on studies which used diskriminant analysis to quantify individual variation in calls. I updated the review of Insley et al. (2003) who suggested that the ability of individual recognition is more advanced in the Otariidae compared to Phocidae. My quantitative comparison on individual variability of Otariidae and Phocidae voices shows that the reason could be that Otariidae have more individually distinct voices. Furthermore, I compared the inidivuality in calls of other carnivorans. The comparison results do not support the hypothesis that animals living in groups have individually more variable voices than the animals living solitairy or in pairs. However, individuality seems to be influenced by ontogeny as it is easier to individually recognize calls of adults than calls of juveniles. In general, there have been many studies published about vocal individuality in carnivorans, but most of the research was done on just two very social families: Otariidae and Phocidae. It is necessary to study other carnivora...
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Boar vocalizations and their potential role in sexual selection
Roreitnerová, Daniela ; Linhart, Pavel (advisor) ; Schneiderová, Irena (referee)
The aim of this research was to gather existing knowledge about vocalizations of boars and their potential role in sexual selection. Few studies mainly from the 70s and 80s of the last century suggest that the so-called love song, emitted by males during courtship, could act as a stimulant that triggers mating. However, I did not find any evidence that boars significantly use calls in fights. Most studies deal with pig vocalization in a different context. For this reason, I tried to look at the studies of pig relatives - even-toed ungulates - to better evaluate the potential role of boar vocalizations in sexual selection. In their case, the influence of the calls on the sexual behavior of females and competing males was reported. It is possible to conclude that the role of boar vocalization is probably not that important as in red deers, for example, because boars use calls in short range communication. On the other hand, stimulatory effect on females was found in other species too. Further studies are needed to understand possible function of boar vocalizations that could be used for example in pig breeding to improve the effectiveness of artificial insemination of sows. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Early ontogeny of mother offspring bonding in Bovinae
Staňková, Helena ; Komárková, Martina (advisor) ; Jůnková, Pavla (referee)
The aim of this thesis is, based on the literature, to study the origin, characters and duration of social bonds between the mother and her offspring in Bovinae. The emphasis was given on the specifics of the behaviour related to birth and ecological differences between species. The explored group covers medium and large Artiodactyla living in groups. Many of them were domesticated, and they live in specific conditions so their behaviour may differ. The strongest bond is between the mother and her offspring. This bond is essential for the young, which is completely dependent on the maternal care. Maternal behaviour may be observed few days before parturition, but the most visible sign is maternal separation from the herd to secure exclusive interaction with own offspring. Mother learns to recognize her offspring after parturition, primarily by smell, also for this reason the young is licked. Suckling provides the nutrition to the calf, but also it reinforces mutual relationship. The strength of the bond is mainly dependant on the social environment, strategy of the young, it's age and other factors. The bond between the mother and her offspring differs according to the species, in the duration and in a way of termination. This topic is nowadays only poorly understood and needs further research.
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Social behaviour and acoustic communication in greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis)
Porteš, Michal ; Jahelková, Helena (advisor) ; Bartonička, Tomáš (referee)
Order Chiroptera is characterized by great variability in foraging, roost and social strategies. Greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis, Borkhausen 1797) is a model species of a bat in Europe and his seasonal organisation of population represents typical temperate bat cycle with females aggregated in large maternity colonies and solitery roosting males. Although the M.myotis is a model species, the majority of studies were focused on different aspects of maternity colonies biology and the biology of males is still poorly known. Recently founded aggregations of males of M. myotis in highway bridges allow to study social behaviour and acoustic communication of males on between individual level and discuss these findings with known information. While the bridge in Bernartice was inhabited by aggregation of males in individual roosts, in Voznice bridge we found besides males also a maternity colony of M. myotis. Harems of males were established from august until october. We found different pattern of seasonal roost occupancy in males with males with the highest level of mean occupancy having the highest level of female presence in roost. Vocalisation activity of males increased in august with highest level of activity in september. Males roosting closer to the flight entrance tended to have higher...
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Referential vocalization of primates
Rejlová, Markéta ; Nekovářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Petrásek, Tomáš (referee)
Some types of vocalization encode only the individual properties of vocalization individuals such as species, size, and its motivational state, but also inform about events and objects around. This vocalization is called "functional reference." Referential communication acoustically different from other kinds of vocalization, and is produced only in response to specific stimulus. Recipient responds to vocalizations indirect information in the same manner as if the present initiative. Aim of this work to summarize the current knowledge on the referential communication of primates, especially food and anti-predator type, including neurological mechanisms, gestures intermediate, referential signal and interspecies comparisons. Keywords: referential communication, vocalization, primates, anti-predator behavior, feeding behavior
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Behavioral expression of pain in rats
Zámečník, Jakub ; Vaculín, Šimon (advisor) ; Boukalová, Štěpána (referee)
The aim of this work is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the behavioral expressions of pain in rat. The work is focused on rats, because they are one of the most used laboratory animals, and may experience pain in some experiments. Behavioral expressions of pain were selected, because they are quite easily recognizable and measurable. The reader will be first acquainted with the necessary basics associated with the phenomenon of pain, with its conception in animals, with classification, physiology and for example with the ways in which are in rats experimentally induced pain. Then in the second part, there are shown individual behavioral expressions with examples in which cases were these manifestations observed. So everyone who is interested can learn something about pain in connection with the avoidance reaction, pose, appearance, specific movements of rat, vocalization, changes in eating and drinking, changes in activity, anxiety, cognitive functions and many other expressions. The work can be valuable contribution for all workers with animals and with its character can contribute to animal welfare. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Repertoire and specificity of vocalization in Grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus)
Kůrková, Petra ; Lindová, Jitka (advisor) ; Petrusková, Tereza (referee)
The aim of the study was to map the repertoire of vocalization of four wild-caught grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus), two males and two females. Data were collected during nine days from June to November 2008 by recording of vocalization in standardized conditions. Recorded sounds (3 052) were categorized according to their characteristics using both visual inspection of spectrograms and listening. We found 70 different call types, which were combined into 18 bigger groups. We found no subject to use the whole repertoire. Important differences were found both between individuals and between males and females. almost all call types were used throuthout the whole period of recording. Model spectrograms of all call types are shown. Key words: grey parrot, Psittacus erithacus, repertoire, vocalization
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