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Types of word-formation in modern standard Chinese and the effect of word-formation on the typology
Sun, Linda ; Maršálek, Jakub (advisor) ; Pavlík, Štěpán (referee)
Tvoření slov rozumíme vznik nových slov na základě už existujících forem v daném jazyce. Tento způsob je nejdůležitějším zdrojem obohacování slovní zásoby. Proces vzniku nového slova probíhá na principu hledání odpovídajícího pojmenování pro určitou myšlenkovou bázi, přitom se vychází od konkrétní známé formy. Nová slova vznikají rozličnými postupy. Nejrozšířenější způsoby tvoření slov jsou afixace a skládání (kompozice). Okrajově se v odborné literatuře uvádí i zkracování (abreviace), nastavování slov, mechanické krácení atd. V čínštině se běžně uplatňují afixace, kompozice, abreviace a navíc i zdvojení významových jednotek (reduplikace). Při tvoření slov derivací a reduplikací se zpravidla vychází z jednoho základu a při kompozici ze dvou a více. Naším úkolem je seznámit čtenáře s těmito způsoby tvoření slov v moderní čínštině. Přitom nemáme za cíl podat vyčerpávající výklad o možných existujících slovotvorných typech, ale budeme se zabývat jen těmi produktivními a představíme ty nejběžnější neproduktivní. Při popisu jednotlivých způsobů slovotvorby si budeme všímat zejména funkcí odvozovacích morfémů (prefixů, infixů a sufixů), významových změn při tvoření slov a struktur a slovnědruhové příslušnosti vzniklých slov. Hlavní pozornost věnujeme typům vytváření kompozit s důrazem na analýzu sémantických...
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Digestion methods for speciation analysis of toxicologically important forms of arsenic in tissue by hydride generation with cryotrapping and atomic absorption spectrometry
Taurková, Petra ; Rychlovský, Petr (advisor) ; Spěváčková, Věra (referee)
This diploma thesis develops methodology of arsenic speciation analysis by selective hydride generation with cryotrapping and atomic absorption spectrometry. Using this technique it is possible to determine toxicologically important forms of arsenic, i.e arsenites, arsenates and their mono-, di-, and trimethylated forms at concentration levels below 0,1 ng.ml-1 . The first part of the thesis is focused on testing tubular membrane gas dryers with nafion membrane for drying gaseous phase containing generated hydrides. The suitability for arsenic speciation analysis was investigated and transport losses of individual arsenic species were found. The second part describes mild digestion procedures suitable for arsenic speciation analysis in tissues. Two procedures were compared, acid digestion in phosphoric acid and more recent alkalic digestion by tetramethylammonium hydroxide. Digestion procedures were tested on certified reference material DOLT - 4 (Dogfish Liver) and chicken liver matrix. Key words: Tubular nafion membrane dryers, Arsenic speciation analysis, Digestion, Phosphoric acid, Tetramethylammonium hydroxide, Chicken liver, CRM DOLT - 4, Hydride generation, Atomic absorption spectrometry
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Analysis of chosen forms of primary prevention of communication disorders
Jirsová, Jana ; Mlčková, Marie (referee) ; Housarová, Blanka (advisor)
The thesis focuses on primary prevention of communication disorders and its means. The goal of the theoretical part is to describe the ontogenesis of speech from several points of view, both traditional and modern, and to introduce communicative disability and its basic categories. It also delimits the issue of communication disorders prevention in general, characterizes its specific features and introduces its methods and means. The goal of the practical part is to analyze the quality of information about children speech, language and communication included in various information sources, whose main target group are parents, and consequently to find out, to what extend this input really gets to the target group. Keywords: ontogenesis of speech, communication disability, prevention of communication disorders, analysis of information sources
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Methods of acclimatizing elementary students into the formal learning environment
Blažková, Veronika ; Křivánek, Zdeněk (referee) ; Wildová, Radka (advisor)
This diploma thesis focuses on the theme of entering elementary education and on the period of adaptation. The theoretical part indicates the characteristics of a pupil at the beginning of compulsory schooling and also of current elementary school. The term of entering elementary education is state from the view of law as well as the view of psychology and pedagogy. A part of the thesis focuses on the problematic of early training and postponed education. Another chapters present adaptation on schooling, possible problems and also specifics of work ofteachers during this period. The empiric part turns attention to variety of entry procedures on the base of aims, school and family cooperation and the concept. Attached is a research on the field of specifics of work of elementary teachers in Czech schools. Key words: adaptation, school readiness, compulsory schooling, elementary school, classroom climate, pedagogical communication, game
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Legal regulation of abortion, sterilisation and artificial fertilisation
Vysloužilová, Lucie ; Švestka, Jiří (advisor) ; Salač, Josef (referee)
58 Název diplomové práce v anglickém jazyce: Legislation on abortion, sterilization and artificial insemination Resumé: This work deals with three areas of medical law, such as abortion, sterilization and assisted reproduction. These all three areas are characterized by a common role of women (patient) and the child to be born or not. Thesis describes the current legislation in comparison with the draft Law on specific health services, which was in November approved by the Government and now it will address to Parliament. The issue of abortion, as an intervention, which terminates pregnancy, the thesis set out the general interpretation, explanation of terminology, outlining the views of opponents and supporters of abortions and history of these treatments. It is also described current legislation and made its assessment in terms of application experience. There are pointed out the changes that will bring the new law. There is an example of case law. Subsequently, it is made an international comparison. Chapter relating to sterilization as a treatment, which ultimately deprives a woman of fertility, contains the first general outline of the issues and provides some historical context The work describes the current legislation in the Czech Republic. Within each of the relevant legislation is provided a...
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Issues of assessment at the first stage of primary school
Prudká, Alena ; Kargerová, Jana (advisor) ; Stará, Jana (referee)
My graduation theses bears the title Issues of assessment at the first stage of primary school. It mainly surveys the traditional method of assessment - clasification alias marking and latterly promoted method of assessment - word assessment. This thesis sets as it's aim to resume advantages and difficulties of both of these assessment methods and to determine in the conclusion which of them better correspondes with the contemporary requirements for assessment. This conclusion should be strenghtened by the research part, which has a form of a survey among pupils, parents and teachers.
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The Unemployment of Youth and Employment Policy in the Region of Prague-West
Košatová Pilíková, Jana ; Holubec, Stanislav (referee) ; Tichá, Milena (advisor)
Nezaměstnanost je důležitým makroekonomickým ukazatelem a spolu s inflací je považována za největší problém ekonomik zemí stržním hospodářstvím (v kapitole číslo 4 jste si mohli přečíst základní názory ekonomů na tuto problematiku). Ekonomové dokonce rozlišují několik forem nezaměstnanosti (kapitola číslo 2). Nezaměstnanost znamená nerovnováhu ekonomiky a stupňuje napětí v sociální oblasti (kapitola číslo 3). Nezaměstnanost je vlastně nerovnováha nabídky pracovníků a poptávky zaměstnavatelů na pracovní trhu (více kapitola číslo 5). Zmírnění nerovnováhy na trhu práce chtějí vlády vyspělých ekonomik dosáhnout pomocí cílených opatření hospodářské politiky - aktivní a pasivní politikou zaměstnanosti (tomuto tématu se věnuji v kapitole číslo 8). Nezaměstnanost v regionu Praha-západ je v porovnání s ostatními regiony v České republice velmi nízká (podrobnosti v kapitole číslo 6). Nejvyšší úrovnč dosáhla v září 2004 (vliv absolventů na trhu práce) a v lednu 2005 (nemožnost sezónních prací), kdy dosáhla výše 3,6 %. Ale i mezi těmito dvěma obdobími míra nezaměstnanosti příliš nekolísala a pohybovala se kolem 3,5 %. Změněná metodika výpočtu (od 1. 7. 2004) se na snížení míry nezaměstnanosti příliš nepromítla. V úvodu práce jsem předpokládala, že míra nezaměstnanosti nepřekročí hranici 4 %. Svoji hypotézu jsem tedy...
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Direct Presidential Election, Competence of the President: Comparative Study 1.150
Kolář, Petr ; Pecháček, Štěpán ; Syllová, Jindřiška
The position and competence of the head of state plays decisive role in the constitutional system. In the republics, the position of the head of state is closely connected with the presidential electoral system Traditional classification of the forms of government is not sufficient enough, especially because of leaving out several important variables. Most of authors nowadays tend to classify forms of government into following models: parliamentary system, half-presidential, prime minister-presidential, presidential, presidential-parliamentary system. The paper surveys the position of president in France, Ireland, Finland, Poland, Portugal, Austria and Slovakia. The conclusions of this study may be summarized: a) there is no direct implication between direct presidential election and importance of president in the constitutional system of the country, b) it is necessary to distinguish between importance of the presidency in the constitutional system, as it results from the formal constitutional regulation on one side and the manner how the president is functioning in practice, mainly considering the presidential position in the party-political system on the other side. Whereas in the light of the formal constitution we could consider Finland and Portugal as the states with the strongest president, in reality we could unambiguously identify France as country with the strongest president. The weakest president is then, in both lights, in Ireland. c) The fact of outstanding personality of the first president elected in the direct elections may be the very important factor affecting the importance of presidential position. The example of such a personality which engraved the style of the presidential function for following periods was Antonio Salazar in Portugal or Lech Walesa in Poland. d) Another element affecting the presidential position within the constitutional and political system is the extent of his participation in political life. In some countries the president is taken as non-party man and independent arbiter (Ireland), in other countries, president is a leader of main political party regardless if it is a governing or opposition party (France). In Austria the directly elected president may be an active member of the political party while the federal chancellor is its chairman. e) Presidential legal and political responsibility determines the constitutional status. The direct election causes that constitutional authority of the president arises from other source than the Parliament and which creates conditions for political unaccountability of the president. Majority of constitutions of European countries define a certain grade of criminal immunity during presidential electoral term, appended by some form of impeachment. President may be charged by one of parliamentary chambers, the judgement is completed by one of the top judicial instances or by a special judicial body. Besides, in some countries (Poland, Portugal, Austria), there exists limited criminal responsibility of the president. In Austria and Slovakia the constitution contains political responsibility of the president. In Austria the president is accountable to the Federal Assembly, in Slovakia the constitution even enables the possibility to remove the president by the plebiscite.
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New ways of distribution of capacities of lodging facilities and their practical use
Čípa, Petr ; Vaško, Martin (advisor) ; Kvítková, Zuzana (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on the research of new ways of distribution of capacities of lodging facilities. The theoretical part introduces the reader with to the travel and tourism market and defines the importance of online and mobile market. The analytical part first descibes a selected lodging facility Y and reaserches three particular new ways of distribution and companies that use them. The results of this research, the research of the companies that use the new ways of distribution and their sales volumes at the lodging facility Y all conclude to the fact that the sales potential of new ways of distribution is considerable and that using new ways of distribution of capacities is important to maximaze the revenue of lodging facilities.
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Criminal Law and Criminological Aspects of the Internet Criminality
Krupička, Jiří ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Záhora, Jozef (referee) ; Gřivna, Tomáš (referee)
Criminal Law and Criminological Aspects of the Internet Criminality Key words: Internet, Criminal law, Criminology Abstract (EN): Internet criminality is a very young phenomenon; the internet itself was presented in the recent form only about 20 years ago. Nevertheless, the relative youth of the internet does not mean that the internet crimes are less serious or less prevalent than other criminal activities. The mass, relative anonymity and progressive globalization of the internet together with bustling development of computer technology provide both the organized crime and individuals with perfect means to commit all sorts of offences. With regard to its extant, this study is not supposed to serve as an overall and full detailed analysis of the internet criminality. The objective of this paper is a criminological description of socially dangerous phenomenons related to the internet, concretely the origin of these phenomenons in the society, the most frequent modus operandi of the internet crime, means of prevention and the criminal law qualification of the relevant criminal activities. The paper itself is divided into four separate parts. The first part contains a general introduction into the problems of internet criminality. We can find there a definition of the term "internet" and "internet...
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