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Dactylography - History, Present and Future
Jelínek, Milan ; Konrád, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Krupička, Jiří (referee)
Dactylography - History, Present and Future This thesis introduces one of the most important identification methods - dactylography (or dactyloscopy), e.g. the method based on analysis and classification of patterns of friction ridges (especially fingerprints). This thesis consists of three main chapters considering its name. The first chapter describes interesting history of this method from first discoveries, through various breakthroughs, to reaching the status of forensic evidence. This chapter mainly focuses on individual pioneers on the field of dactylography, but tells as well the story of Czechoslovak dactylography and reminds cases, that were very close to prove this method wrong at its fragile beginning. The second chapter focuses on the present of dactylography. This chapter starts with three basic laws of dactylography, but the essence of it lies in the term "dactyloscopic evidence". The methods of revelation, analysis and preservation of dactyloscopic evidence are described here as well as their comparison. If it comes to analysis, I am trying to compare two approaches used today (holistic and numerical) and offer my opinion which one is better. Also, I am trying to answer the question, if it is possible to tell how old the dactyloscopic evidence is. The third and the last chapter...
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Concept and nature of fingerprinting
Šetelíková, Alice ; Štourač, Petr (advisor) ; Konrád, Zdeněk (referee)
Concept and nature of dactyloscopy The aim of the thesis is to provide a comprehensive view on the issue of dactyloscopy. Especially, to introduce readers about dactyloscopy and institutes related to this method. The thesis is systematically divided into several chapters. The thesis is complemented by visual and textual appendices for the better and easier understanding of the various institutes. The introduction contains basic information about dactyloscopy and the outline of what the thesis will contain. Chapter One deals with the subject, concept and importance of the dactyloscopy. Chapter Two is divided into two parts. The first subchapter concerns the historical development of forensic dactyloscopy in the world. First of all, there are described the beginnings of knowledge of fingerprints and then personalities and their influence on the development of the dactyloscopy. As an example of these significant personalities, William James Herschel, Henry Faulds or Juan Vucetich can be cited. The second subchapter is focused on the development of the dactyloscopy in the territory of the Czech countries. In particular, the place is given for Jan Evangelista Purkyně well known as a pioneer in the area of papilary ridges. Because it was him who as the first described and classified the papilary ridges....
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DaktylDB
Kubát, Jaroslav ; Babka, Martin (advisor) ; Jančík, Pavel (referee)
This bachelor work focuses on implementation of application for fingerprints database maintenance. It consists of three parts. The first part is about detection of friction ridge endings and branches. For that purpose, there are three algorithms implemented and their results are discussed in the last chapter. Second part of the work is about preprocessing of extracted points for the purpose of database insert and search. There are algorithms of triangulation and clusterization used. The last part of this work is focused on database insert and search. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Police Identification of Persons in Czechoslovakia between 1918 and 1938
Tůma, Lukáš ; Himl, Pavel (advisor) ; Rutar, Václav (referee)
This thesis is focused on police techniques of identification of persons used in Czechoslovakia between 1918 and 1938. The goal of this thesis was to show, how the police identification of persons should look like, in other words which techniques were used by criminologists, how they described them, which accomplishments and negatives they saw in them, who had to be identified and for which purpose. To answer all these questions I deal with political and administrative context of Czechoslovakia, police structure in Czechoslovakia between 1918 and 1938 and development of criminology, "bertillonage" and documents of identification (especially passports) in the first part of the text, where I mainly use secondary literature. Then I focus on analysis of three main techniques of identification used between 1918 and 1938, namely dactyloscopy, graphology and photography. In this part of the thesis, I use criminology manuals, published in the twenties and thirties. Finally, I work with the fourth technique of identification of persons, namely the description of persons, where I mainly use forms, which are in the criminology manuals. Thus, heart of this work is based on normative documents from the twenties and thirties wrote by criminalists or graphologists. Keywords Police, criminology, identification,...
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Concept and nature of dactyloscopy (fingerprinting)
Šišková, Jitka ; Štourač, Petr (advisor) ; Musil, Jan (referee)
91 15. SUMMARY Concept and nature of fingerprinting The purpose of my thesis is to completely examine the issue of dactyloscopy and introduce this forensic method, both the theoretical and practical parts. It deals with the historical development of dactyloscopy, the legislation in the Czech Republic, finger- print impression, capture, constancy, detection and comparison. For greater clarity and orientation, the thesis is composed of several parts - each dealing with different aspects. It is also supplemented with pictures that help to imagine a particular thing. Chapter One contains an introduction which gives a general view of dactylosco- py as a forensic method. Chapter Two deals with the historical development and important personalities of dactyloscopy. It explores the origins of knowledge of fingerprint patterns in ancient times and also focuses on the pioneers of dactyloscopy. The chapter is subdivided into three parts. Part One deals with Jan Evangelista Purkyně who first described and classi- fied the basic patterns of friction ridges on distal phalanges. Part Two mentions the world personalities of dactyloscopy (for example Francis Galton, Juan Vucetich, Henry Faulds). The development of dactyloscopy in the Czech Republic is included in Part Three. Chapter Three discusses the concept, the object,...
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Program for Training of Dactyloscopic Experts
Bartoň, Jan ; Drahanský, Martin (referee) ; Lodrová, Dana (advisor)
This work deals with the design project and the creation of user interface of a programme for the training of dactyloscopy experts. The first chapters describe historical and technical evolution of dactyloscopy. Then the work explains the methods and concepts necessary for understanding and elemental orientations in determination of fingerprints. The final chapters present a proposition of possibilities in how to obtain and represent the results in a comprehensible form. The conclusion of the work is dedicated to tests and evaluation of the results.
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Fingerprint Liveness Recognition
Lodrová, Dana ; Orság, Filip (referee) ; Drahanský, Martin (advisor)
This document deals with presentation of nowadays software and hardware methods used for fingerprint recognition with focus on liveness testing and thereafter it deals with description of my solution. In order to describe results obtained from study of technical literature, we discuss important terminology of biometric systems at first and further main principles of fingerprint sensors used in practice are shown. From overviewed methods of liveness detection we underline one method based on perspiration (researched by BioSAL laboratory) and one spectroscopic method researched by Lumidigm Corporation. The study of liveness testing methods inspired me to creation of new type fingerprint sensor which has built-in livennes testing method based on two characteristic properties of living human tisue. In order to test this sensor, we discuss nowadays sensor deception method. It follows from their analysis, that newly designed sensor should be theoretically resistant to each of them.
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Fingerprint sensors
Slezák, Jakub ; Frýza, Tomáš (referee) ; Fedra, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the possibilities of immediate fingerprinting and the use of these fingerprints to identify people. The content of the thesis is the technological evaluation of contact and contactless fingerprinting. A presentation and execusion of a fingerprint optical scanner with corresponding software is described together with a review of the results.
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Realization of fingerprint scanner
Kovář, Martin ; Sekora, Jiří (referee) ; Mézl, Martin (advisor)
This master’s thesis deals with the issue of scanning human fingerprints, which is currently very topical and represents the most widespread biometric technology. The theoretical part of the work acquaints the reader with basics of dactyloscopy and biometrics and concerns technologies used for fingerprinting, image preprocessing methods and commercially available contactless optical scanners. The practical part is a realisation of a contactless optical scanner based on a Raspberry Pi minicomputer, implementation of preprocessing algorithms in Python and testing of the device from the perspective of image quality.
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Phonetics and fingerprints in criminology
Kratochvíl, David ; Doucek, Petr (advisor) ; Veber, Jaromír (referee)
In today's world biometrics are not only applied in the commercial sphere, but their technological advantages and opportunities permeate also into forensic practice. Some of them are even at such a high technological level, which can be used as the court evidence. The contribution of this work is in providing information and evaluation procedure for the extraction, identification or reliability of the tracks for forensic application. This work responds to the question of how to proceed in processing tracks and what can be read from it. After an introduction dealing with identity in general, the work follows in second part with two selected biometrics, which are analyze and evaluate from technological and forensic aspects.
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