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Mercury and its compounds in environment
PRÉDA, Luboš
The bachelor{\crq}s dissertation on the topic ``Mercury and its Compounds in Environment{\crqq} discusses the current state of contamination of environment with metallic mercury and its inorganic and organic compounds, natural and anthropogenic sources of emissions of mercury in atmosphere, in soil and in aquatic ecosystems, physical and chemical properties of mercury and its compounds, use of mercury, its toxicity and also the risk of intoxication. Contamination of environment with mercury and its compounds is a serious ecological-social problem that affects directly the whole human population and in spite of this fact, the public is not informed adequately of it. The aim of the bachelor{\crq}s dissertation is to give a comprehensive outline of risks resulting from contamination of environment with mercury and its compounds not only in the field of prevention and safety of work in the scope of operation of the Police of the Czech republic, but also for the general public that would be interested in familiarizing with such issues and also to test knowledge of the population of impacts of contamination with mercury and its components. Collection of information about the extent of contamination of environment with mercury in the town of Tábor and its surroundings is another goal.
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Forensic odorology
Frommová, Eva ; Štourač, Petr (advisor) ; Musil, Jan (referee)
The thesis is focused on the issues related to the Criminalistic Odourology as a branch of Criminal Science that analyses odours. The main aim of this thesis is to outline principles of scent identification, to explore current methods of scent compounds analysis and to evaluate the contribution of odourological findings for practice, especially for the purposes of detection and investigation of crime offences. The thesis is composed of six chapters. Chapter One defines the concept of the term odourology, indicates its division into two parts, the Olfactronics and the Olfactorics, according to the prevailing method of odour identification, and briefly describes the historical development of this branch. Chapter Two clarifies the meaning of two basic odoroulogical terms: odour and human odour. It also looks at the presumptions of individual person odour identification. Chapter Three concentrates on odour traces. It describes their origin, distinguishes their forms and types and highlights some of their specifics in comparison with other types of criminalistic traces. Chapter Four illustrates the procedure of detecting and securing of odour traces at the crime scene. Although the collection of the scent compounds can be done via a variety of techniques, the attention is devoted to the collection of...
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Nitrile hydrolysing enzymes: Fungal nitrilases
Vejvoda, Vojtěch ; Martínková, Ludmila (advisor) ; Wimmer, Zdeněk (referee) ; Vosáhlová, Simona (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Science Department of Biochemistry A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Nitrile-hydrolysing enzymes: Fungal nitrilases Mgr. Vojtěch Vejvoda Supervisor: Ing. Ludmila Martínková, CSc. Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Consultant: Prof. RNDr. Karel Bezouška, DrSc. Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, , Charles University in Prague Prague 2010 INTRODUCTION Nitriles are widespread in the environment - not only as the natural products of plants but also as the secondary metabolites of microorganisms or higher organisms. Synthetic nitriles and inorganic cyanides occur as pollutants from human activities (industrial wastes, herbicides, etc.). Both natural and man-made nitriles are poisonous to many organisms, the natural ones serving as a protection against enemies (e.g. herbivores). Their toxic activity is used in some herbicides. However, all of these compounds may exert negative effects on other beings living in the particular environment and create selection pressures, probably leading to the evolution of enzymes catalyzing the detoxification of nitriles, or, even better, utilizing them as the source of energy and nutrients. Nitrile-metabolizing enzymes are...
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Analysis method of securing the evacuation of people from emergency planning zone of nuclear power plant Temelin
STARÁ, Andrea
The thesis deals with the solution to evacuation of the population from the zone of emergency planning of the nuclear power station Temelín in the event of an incident connected with the release of radioactive substances . It analyzes the way of evacuation of the persons, as one of the most important safety measures to ensure protection of the population. In particular, the work focuses on the correct procedures in the case of realization of the evacuation and competence of the persons involved in safety measures. It lists the basic criteria which are applied in protection of the population from the effects of ionizing radiation in vicinity of nuclear power plants. It proposes improving of quality of security protection and information of persons in the zone of emergency planning. The work is based on valid law regulations and special publications of the examined problems. The predominantly part is based on the laws in force, and expertise of publications covering the evacuation of the area.It refers to the external emergency plan, as the basic document for the planning of measures for the disposal of the consequences of radiation accidents or radiation accidents and the limitation of their consequences for the zone of emergency planning. The theoretical part proceeeds from analysis of contemporary legislation concerning the stated problematics, presents the general characteristics of a nuclear device and zone of emergency planning, defining the basic concepts and discusses the important measures in addressing emergencies arising in connection with radiation accidents in nuclear power plant. The work puts emphasis on the principle of correct behaviour of the population in the event of such an accident. For the processing of the thesis there has been used an exploration method, which is based on the proposed methodology. On the base of analysis of survey, possible ways of improvement of this branch were suggested. From the collected data there have been assessed possible system measures of evacuation with regard to their application in practice.
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Low Molecular Weight Volatile Organochlorine Compounds from Natural and Anthropogenically Influenced Ecosystems
Forczek, Sándor ; Holík, Josef ; Rederer, L. ; Ferenčík, M.
In the biogeochemical cycle of chlorine, chlorinated compounds participate in natural and\nanthropogenically influenced processes forming also compounds, which can be identical to\nchlorinated pollutants and determine by AOX (adsorbable organic halogens) method. Volatile\norganochlorines are in the center of interest due to their toxicity and possible role in degradation of\natmospheric ozone. Some volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons are both reactive and toxic, such as\nchloroform, which also has natural and anthropogenic sources and can be formed in abiotic and\nbiotic processes. In this study the occurrence of chloroform and AOX is determined in a natural\nclean environment at the Hamry water reservoir, Czech Republic. Furthermore, AOX and\nchloroform concentrations will be evaluated in correlation with meteorological and physicochemical\nconditions of water.
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Spectroscopy of B[e] star FS CMa
Kříček, Radek ; Korčáková, Daniela (advisor) ; Krtička, Jiří (referee)
B[e] stars are a peculiar group of stars with forbidden emission lines in their spectra. This phenomenon is commonly ascribed as a result of a large shell around the star. FS Canis Majoris (FS CMa) became a prototype of one group of these stars because it was intensively studied in the past. However, in the case of this class of objects current theoretical models of the stellar evolution of a single star are not able to produce such huge amount of circumstellar matter, even if the stellar wind and rapid rotation are included into the calculations. We analysed and rectified some already reduced spectra obtained from 2005 to 2011 at the Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic in Ondřejov and at SAAO observatory. Then we focused on the study of short- and long-term time variations of spectral lines in the stellar spectra, measured equivalents widths and radial velocities of the chosen spectral lines and discussed some achieved findings. Especially the short-term time variations of some spectral lines show dynamic processes of the inner star shell.
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Analysis of the thermal load of the workpiece during the cutting grinding of high-strength bearing rings
Felgentreu, Sven ; Blecha, Petr (advisor)
Práce se zabývá tepelným namáháním valivých ložisek s vysokou pevností, které jsou řezány pomocí brusného kotouče. Při lineárním způsobu řezání brousícím kotoučem značně vzrůstá teplota podél střižnice. Takto vzniklé teplo se hromadí v malém průřezu materiálu a dochází k tepelnému ovlivnění okolí místa řezu. Cíl této práce spočívá v navržení dvouosého řezání kotoučem za účelem snížit tepelné poškození materiálu. Nejdříve byl teoreticky posouzen současný postup řezání a na základě toho navržena dvouosá řezací strategie, která byla poté experimentálně ověřena. Použitím dvouosé strategie je možné dosáhnout významné redukce nárůstu teploty ve střižné ploše tak, že materiál není tepelně poškozen a současně nevzniká otřep. Nicméně, dvouosý způsob řezání vede ke zvýšení doby procesu, jenž je tedy nutné dále optimalizovat.
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The Company in a Competitive Environment
Zeman, Marek ; Šrédl, Karel (advisor) ; Svoboda, Roman (referee)
This bachelor dissertation deals with a position of the selected company in a competitive environment. The dissertation is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical one.
The theoretical part determines substantial terms which have been mentioned within the dissertation and creates reinforcement for practical part of the thesis. The latter part identifies mainly terms like a company and its goals, fundamental types of competitive environment and analysis of internal and external environment. The practical part is devoted to the analysis of the company METAL STEEL s. r. o., which sells stainless and carbon steel. The financial analysis, collecting chosen ratio indexes, helps to evaluate a situation of the company. Further more there is a description of the main competitors on the market. The current position of the company is reviewed in accordance with comparison method. The SWOT analysis was utilized for identification of strong and weak aspects/points of the company in the conclusion part of the thesis.
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