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Nuclear arms control, regulation and nuclear disarmament
Bříza, Vlastislav ; Ondřej, Jan (advisor) ; Šturma, Pavel (referee) ; Kozák, Kryštof (referee)
The dissertation concludes with the main points of the research and analyses in the above mentioned four pillars and also assesses the status of the efforts for nuclear arms control and nuclear disarmament in its whole history. However, the overall picture is a mixture of successes and failures and suggests that the only way to reach nuclear disarmament in a long way through step-by-step process that would also lead to reaching higher level of world peace and stability. However, even the idea of the world without nuclear weapons has its drawbacks as the dissertation tries to show. Especially with respect to change in the US administration in the early 2009 and its approach to nuclear disarmament, there also still remain many unanswered questions that are left for further research.
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Efficiency of regulation models in financial markets in environment of monetary policy changes.
Stehlík, Jan ; Štekláč, Jiří (advisor) ; Titze, Miroslav (referee)
This paper examines models of supervision and regulation over the financial market and their impact on volatility of interest rates according to monetary policy changes. Its goal is to judge if some of these models aren't less effective and cause higher volatility and if the assumption of market stability is provided. It looks into monetary policy changes and their impact on financial market, interest rates and their development in time of these changes. It analyzes correlation of monetary policy and financial market and gives characteristics of each of regulation models. Using the method of graphical analysis, this paper compares reactions of short- and longterm interest rates (Treasury bills and 10years government yields) in relevant countries during monetary change applications. It examines also official offered rate and real interbank rate and its' spreads. As indicator of financial market stress is used Libor-OIS spread. It evaluates the influence of models used in different countries in each given situation.
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The regulation of prostitution - the law regulation
Tuleškovová, Martina ; Vodáčková, Daniela (advisor) ; Jarošová, Ludmila (referee)
Regulace prostituce je tématem veřejné a sociální politiky, které je dlouhodobě potlačováno do pozadí. Ačkoliv všechny události i veřejné mínění od roku 1989 jasně ukazují, že na území České republiky došlo k enormnímu rozšíření příhraniční prostituce, a to převážně vlivem uvolněním režimu přechodu hranic a zrušením vízové povinnosti, jsou ze strany státu činěny jen ojedinělé pokusy tuto situaci řešit. S prostitucí jako společensky patologickým jevem se pojí mnoho trestních činností, které mohou mít i mezinárodní dosah a stávají se pro českou republiku dosti tíživým problém. Za jeho neřešení se stává ČR velmi často terčem kritiky, a to především v oblasti obchodu s lidmi, komerčního sexuálního zneužívání dětí atd. Novelizací trestního zákona 150/1960 a zrušením paragrafu o příživnictví byla prostituce ve faktickém slova smyslu uznána jako činnost, která může být reálně provozována (protože není zakázána), ale trestné jsou všechny ostatní činnosti, které s ní souvisí, např. zprostředkování sexu za úplatu, poskytování obytných prostorů k prostituci atd. Stávající mezinárodní základna, kterou je Česká republika nucena dodržovat, zahrnuje i Úmluvu o potlačování a zrušení obchodu s lidmi a využívání prostituce druhých osob, která vstoupila v platnost 25. července 1951. Tato Úmluva, přestože je ze strany OSN...
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Regulation accounting of small and medium enterprises from international perspective
Ľaš, Mikuláš ; Žárová, Marcela (advisor) ; Dvořáková, Dana (referee)
The aim of this diploma work is to show the differences or similarities between financial reporting of small and medium enterprises based on International Financial Reporting Standard - IFRS for SMEs and British accounting standard - FRSSE. Introductory chapters are devoted to the principles of dividing enterprisies by the criteria of size on the first place, and also to the short characteristics of different kinds of regulation of accounting in the world, especially regulation based on IASB and British accounting standards. These introductory chapters serve as information basis for the main part of the diploma work. This part is represented by the analysis of financial reporting of small and medium enterprises based on IFRS for SMEs and British accounting standard FRSSE and consecutive comparison of these two ways of financial reporting of small and medium enterprises, which is also the last part of the diploma work. In the scope of this comparison there are, except for basic differencies, also analysis of differences in goodwill and leasing with occasional view on certain problems in the conditions of Czech Republic.
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Sledování aktivity a množství enzymu Rubisco v jehlicích smrku ztepilého během dne
Hrstka, M. ; Petrů, E. ; Urban, Otmar
Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase; EC 4.1.1.39) enzyme catalyses caboxylation of D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP), the first step of Calvin cycle, in competition with oxygenation of RuBP that leads to photorespiratory pathway. We estimated diurnal changes of Rubisco initial and total activities as well as Rubisco amount under the different light conditions to find the mechanism of Rubisco activity regulation in Norway spruce needles.
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Commercial bank as a object of ČNB regulation
Kovář, Petr ; Půlpánová, Stanislava (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with a look to bank regulation in Czech republic. In the first chapter I tried to explain the meaning of capital adequacy. In the second chapter I described the meaning of bank liquidity and it's relation to commercial bank regulation. In the third chapter I explained how the commercial bank deal with informations. And the last chapter tried to make clear in the de Larosier report.
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Regulation of retailer-supplier relatiohships within the food chain
Mokrejšová, Veronika ; Zadražilová, Dana (advisor) ; Klosová, Anna (referee) ; Zeman, Jiří (referee) ; Vyhnálek, Petr (referee)
This thesis deals with retailer-supplier relationships within the food chain, and with possibilities of their regulation. The aim is to assess the effect of regulation of retailer-supplier relationship, through "Act on Significant Market Power and Abuse thereof" on particular food chain members, and eventually to propose an alternative solution of their regulation. The thesis states the following hypothesis: The Act on Significant Market Power does not change bargaining power between suppliers and retailers. The thesis is divided into five parts. The first of those defines the issue of retailer-supplier relationship, especially the so called "unfair practices". The mind-set of the European Commission which judges the unfairness of a practice, according to its impact on consumer, investment and competition is stressed. When comparing market shares and profit abilities, it is obvious that supplier sector is not disadvantaged in relation to retailing, however, there are cases of small and medium enterprises over which retailers can impose their bargaining power. Retroactive changes and excessive risk transfer on a business partner are then indicated as unfair, which is confirmed by microeconomic analysis. The second part maps means of regulation, through hard and soft law in the EU and its member states with focus on the Czech Republic, where the Act No. 395/2009 Coll., on Significant Market Power in the Sale of Agricultural and Food Products and Abuse thereof is applied. It is found that regulation within the EU is heterogeneous and the results of different regulatory mechanism in different countries differ. The third part talks about self-regulatory possibilities constituted by corporate social responsibility. The main solution of retailer-supplier relationships is represented by stakeholder dialogue, in which contractual parties look for the basis of their antagonistic positions (which are hidden in their interests and needs), and try to identify mutual needs and to create shared value. This approach increases the created value, which is advantageous for both partners, instead of redistributing the value to the benefit of the stronger partner. The fourth part presents the results of a survey conducted among retailers, retailer suppliers and farmers, their opinions about the Act on Significant Market Power, about changes caused by this Act and about particular unfair practices. It was realised that the Act does not help the suppliers very much, in that the bargaining position was improved only with a tiny part of the respondents, and the Act even did not fulfil the role of small and medium sized enterprises protection. The everyday practice of retailer-supplier relationships remains (after changing few legal formulations in the contracts) almost the same as it was before the Act came into force. The only considerable change is shortening the payment period to 30 days; however, there are suppliers that are not content about this provision. The farmers do not feel any consequences of the Act; retailers regard it as business barrier and excessive regulation. Thus, this part confirms the hypothesis. The final part of the thesis proposes a solution to this issue by engaging many stakeholders: the business partners (self-regulation), the State (regulation through general universal act), consumers, non-governmental organisations and media (generating demand for responsible behaviour of firms).
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Possibilities of lobbying regulation in the Czech Republic
Klouda, Petr ; Vymětal, Petr (advisor) ; Müller, Karel (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to introduce the system of legislative lobbying regulation namely in United States of America and to apply these findings to the Czech Republic environment and to compare U.S. regulation with Czech proposals of lobbying regulation. Structure of this thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. Theoretical part is presenting the lobbying history and the first attempts to regulate the lobbying subsequently the main terms and definitions concerning the lobbying and its regulation are introduced. The practical part includes a closer look to the lobbying regulation in the USA mapping the process from history including the main legal documents to its contemporary form. As follows the information about Czech environment and first attempts to regulate lobbying are presented. Subsequently, at the end of practical part I offer a comparison of the USA system of regulation of lobbying and the proposals according to which the Czech lobbying regulation system should formed.
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