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Visual preferences for wind turbines
Běťáková, Vendula ; Sklenička, Petr (advisor) ; Janečková, Kristina (referee)
This dissertation is a selection of three papers focused on visual preference of wind turbines. Visual impact presents the connectivity of the articles, whereas each one deals with the topic from different perspective. First paper "Wind turbines location: How many and how far?" analyses in detail the characteristics of wind turbines themselves, i.e. their number and distance from observer or vantage point in relation to landscape quality. Second paper "How education orientation affects attitudes toward wind energy and wind farms: implications for the planning process" concentrates on respondents´ characteristics, in particular educational orientation, general attitude, occurrence of WTs in respondents´ vicinity and willingness to live close to WTs. Whereas first two papers use same assessment method to analyse differences of WTs perception from different point of view, the third paper "Futuristic Wind Power Systems Suitable as Artistic Sculptures" presents review of WTs appearance in general and proposals of possible future look as an alternative to traditional wind turbines.
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Freezing technology of bull sperm in relation to its survivability and fertilization ability
Doležalová, Martina ; Stádník, Luděk (advisor) ; Jiří, Jiří (referee)
The aim of optimalization the insemination doses production is to provide the highest fertilization ability of spermatozoa during the demanding proces of processing fresh semen and its subsequent cryopreservation. Temperature changes causes spermatozoa damage during the cooling and freezing. Spermatozoa is exposed to cold shock and many others limiting factors, which leads to cell death and therefore to decline of fertilization ability of thawed insemination doses. For increasing spermatozoa resistance, exactly the plasma membrane resistance against cold shock was fraction of egg yolk LDL cholesterol (low density lipoprotein) at various concentrations into the comercially produced diluents added. It is believed that LDL acts possitively to plasma membrane and helps to maintain the fertilization ability of spermatozoa after thawing. Following step in the proces of insemination doses production is slow cooling of diluted semen and equilibration, when the straws are store at cooling box for 30 minutes to 240 hours. This period is necessary to penetrate of certain diluent components into the spermatazoa also maintain the balance between their intracellular and extracellular concentration. Also important is subsequent freezing temperature gradient of insemination doses. The most suitable freezing method is based on computer controlled temperature decline in freezing chamber which allows the precise control of ice crystals formation that could tear and kill the cell.
During 2012 to 2016 was repeatedly collected semen from the group of breeding bulls (n = 27, Holstein and Czech Fleckvieh breed) at AI centre. Semen which fulfill the standard entrance conditions in first step was evenly into several parts divided. For dilution the three types of comercially diluents AndroMed, Bioxcell and Triladyl with and without LDL addition were used. Into the diluents AndroMed and Bioxcell the concentration of LDL 4 %, 6 % and 8% into the dilent Triladyl 6 %, 8 % and 10 % was added. Diluted semen was filled into the glass capillares with volume 0,1 ml and temperature +4 °C. Subsequently the sample was placed to cold bath (0°C) for 10 minutes. Then the volume of capillare with physiological solution (37 °C) was mixed and for next 120 minutes was incubate. The effect of cold shock to proportion of live spermatozoa was evaluated by using Eosin and Nigrosine staining technique during heat test of spermatozoa survivability after spermatozoa heating and after 120 minutes of incubation.
The more suitable semen diluents which provide the higher spermatozoa resistance against cold shock were AndroMed and Bioxcell. Together the possitive effect of LDL addition into the diluents to lower decrease of proportion of live spermatozoa during heat test was found (P<0.05). The most suitable LDL concentration which had a favorable influence at spermatozoa resistance against cold shock was 6 % in diluent Bioxcell. Values of the proportion of live sperm were higher at the beginning of the heat test (+1.31% to + 3.2%) and after 120 minute incubation (+5.82% to +8.41%) compared to other diluents with and without addition of LDL.
In the next step the process of equilibration was optimized, is an important part of insemination doses production. The effect of the length of equilibration for subsequent fertilization ability of spermatozoa was evaluated using spermatozoa motility based of CASA and proportion of live spermatozoa after thawing and during heat survival test lasting 120 minutes (37 ° C). Suitable semen was diluted by comercially used diluent AndroMed based on soya lecithin, filled into the straws (0.25 ml), cooled and equilibrated in cooling box for 30, 120 and 240 minutes and freezed in programmable freezing box applying four types of freezing curves differing in temperature rate decline. There was used standard and by producer recommended 3. phase freezing curve, then 2. phase freezing curve, and 3. phase freezing curve with slower as well as rapid decline of temperature rate in freezing chamber, compared with standard freezing curve. The highest spermatozoa motility was found using 240 minutes of equilibration by +2.72% and +4.58% compared to other lengths of equilibration (P <0.05 to 0.01). The highest proportion of live spermatozoa was found using 120 minutes of equilibration (+6.87 % and +8.68 %). The highest average spermatozoa motility during heat test after thawing was achieved by using 2. phase freezing curve (from +2.97% to +10.37%, P <0.05), also in the proportion of live spermatozoa (from + 4.37% to +8.82%, P <0.01). When evaluating interaction between the length of equilibration and freezing curve (standard 3. phase and 2 . phase freezing curve), the highest average spermatozoa motility and proportion of live spermatozoa using 240 minutes of equilibration by both freezing curves was reached, there was no statistically significant differences. As well as, in all evaluated parts of this study the individual differences between ejaculate of bulls and within semen from one bull (P <0.05) as secondary effect were found.
To maintain good fertilization ability of semen during cryopreservation is necessary to increase the spermatozoa resistance against cold shock using addition of correct concentration of LDL into the commercially used diluents AndroMed and Bioxcell. Subsequently the fertilization ability of insemination dose is influenced by cooling, the length of equilibration and freezing. The length of equilibration 120 minutes and more as well as gentle way of freezing according to freezing curve, which ensures a gradual decrease of temperature in freezing chamber provided the higher average spermatozoa motility and proportion of live spermatozoa.
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Influence of meadow management on the migration behavior of selected species of butterflies
Bubová, Terezie ; Langrová, Iva (advisor) ; Farkač, Jan (referee)
Migrations are the key process and one of the basic biological features, which allow survival of endangered species in fragmented landscape. In the last decades, agriculture intensification, industry and urbanization caused that number of natural butterfly habitats has significantly decreased. The localities originally suitable for butterflies are currnetly converted to farmland or building plots. This PhD thesis aimed to find a compromise solution of meadow management, which should allow a commercial use and concurrently do not jeopardize the continued existence of endangered or threatened species. The main idea of this study was in the intentional emigration causing in the middle of flight period, which should lead into resettlement of the population to another (potentially more suitable) locality. Possibility of aimed manipulation with butterfly emigrations would be considered as a major breakthrough in their protection.
The investigated species Phengaris nausithous (Bergsträsser, 1779) and Phengaris teleius (Bergsträsser, 1779) are both considered to be flagship species for protection of European butterflies at open meadows. This study is based on research, which was carried out in 2013-2015 at 17 patch in localities Dolní Labe, Czech Republic. In above mentioned years, one selected meadow was mowed in the middle of flight season and the emigrations were then monitored using mark-release-recapture method. Results of population and migration characteristics were calculated in MARK 8.1 software. Subsequently, the effect of mowing on emigration (comparison of emigrations from the meadow before and after mowing) was evaluated using Statistica 13.
The hypotheses of this study were based on the assumption, that the loss of resources after well-timed mowing should increase the activity of adult butterflies. During the monitoring, number of emigrations was increased only in flight season 2015. Unfortunately, the statistical evaluation did not show significant effect of mowing on migrations. On the other hand, the hypothesis dealing with colonization of nearest meadows was confirmed.
Effect of intentional emigration caused by management interventions was unfortunately not proved. However, we found out, that even though the population at one mowed meadow decreased clearly, the metapopulation size at the locality remained more or less stable.
At investigated (mowed) meadow, there was observed a sharp decline of P. nausithous abundance. On the other hand, P. teleius population was only slightly reduced. It is therefore conceivable, that P. teleius are not as susceptible to innapropriate term of mowing. The results obtained in our research conclusively displayed no possible positive effect of mowing in the middle of flight season and a necessity of suitable management maintenance at localities inhabited by Phengaris butterflies.
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Bank fees in Czech Republic
Burešová, Adéla ; Steininger, Michal (advisor) ; Eva, Eva (referee)
This thesis deals with bank fees in the Czech Republic, which has been a topical issue in recent years. The objective of this thesis is to analyse and compare bank fees in the Czech Republic. It also aims to evaluate selected bank fees in terms of their importance for generating profit for the banks as well as from the clients perspective. The introduction to the theoretical part describes the basic characteristics of the banking system. The thesis then presents bank products and services, bank fees and the bank fee policy. The work includes a survey and analysis of the banking market in term of banking institutions in the years 2007 to 2014. It also includes a financial analysis for the years 2007 to 2015 and an analysis of the banking market from the perspective of the client, which compares selected banking institutions on the basis of charges and selected banking products based on fees. It defines three sample groups for which the most suitable banking products and banking institutions are recommended. In conclusion, the results are formulated together with recommendations for banks and clients. For the client Student came out best a current account UniCredit Bank, U Konto for youngsters. The Active client is also recommended by UniCredit Bank with banking product of U Konto. For target group Pensioner is the most suitable banking institution mBank where the monthly cost is CZK 70. The client can save thousands of CZK per year by making the right choice.
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Provision of alternative refuse collection for a real estate surrounded by foreign property
Kvapil, Radek ; Štindl, Michal (referee) ; Klika, Pavel (advisor)
The thesis deals with possible ways of drainage and wastewater disposal. The issue of wastewater discharge to the environment has been closely monitored in recent years, and there is an apparent effort to improve the current situation.The dissertation discusses and compares three selected options – access to improved sanitation, building reservoirs and domestic wastewater treatment plant.The final section is dedicated to a comparison of acquisition and operating costs over time and to subsequent evaluation of the most suitable option. For the sake of clarity and assessment of potential solutions, the locality in the administrative area Vysoké Mýto - Domoradice has been selected as a model. The local authorities have been designing a public storm sewer, and given that it is surrounded by land, this issue will need to be addressed.
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Analysis and Testing of Concurrent Programs
Letko, Zdeněk ; Lourenco, Joao (referee) ; Sekanina, Lukáš (referee) ; Vojnar, Tomáš (advisor)
V disertační práci je nejprve uvedena taxonomie chyb v souběžném zpracování dat a přehled technik pro jejich dynamickou detekci. Následně jsou navrženy nové metriky pro měření synchronizace a souběžného chování programů společně s metodologií jejich odvozování. Tyto techniky se zejména uplatní v testování využívajícím techniky prohledávání prostoru a v saturačním testování. Práce dále představuje novou heuristiku vkládání šumu, jejímž cílem je maximalizace proložení instrukcí pozorovaných během testování. Tato heuristika je porovnána s již existujícími heuristikami na několika testech. Výsledky ukazují, že nová heuristika překonává ty existující v určitých případech. Nakonec práce představuje inovativní aplikaci stochastických optimalizačních algoritmů v procesu testování vícevláknových aplikací. Principem metody je hledání vhodných kombinací parametrů testů a metod vkládání šumu. Tato metoda byla prototypově implementována a otestována na množině testovacích příkladů. Výsledky ukazují, že metoda má potenciál vyznamně vylepšit testování vícevláknových programů.
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Digital circuits test optimization by multifunctional components
Stareček, Lukáš ; Gramatová, Elena (referee) ; Kubátová, Hana (referee) ; Kotásek, Zdeněk (advisor)
This thesis deals with the possibilities of digital circuit test optimization using multifunctional logic gates. The most important part of this thesis is the explanation of the optimization principle, which is also described by a formal mathematical apparatus. Based on this apparatus, the work presents several options. The optimization of testability analogous to inserting test points and simple methodology based on SCOAP is shown. The focus of work is a methodology created to optimize circuit tests. It was implemented in the form of software tools. Presented in this work are the results of using these tools to reduce the test vectors volume while maintaining fault coverage on various circuits, including circuits from the ISCAS 85 test set. Part of the work is devoted to the various principles and technology of creating multifunctional logic gates. Some selected gates of these technologies are subject to simulations of electronic properties in SPICE. Based on the principles of presented methodology and results of multifunctional gates simulations, analysis of various problems such as validity of the modified circuit test and the suitability of each multifunctional gate technology for the methodology was also made. The results of analysis and experiments confirm it is possible for the multifunctional logic gate to optimize circuit diagnostic properties in such a way that has achieved the required circuit test parameter modification with minimum impact on the quality and credibility of these tests.
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Physically-based Modeling and Simulation
Dvořák, Radim ; Racek, Stanislav (referee) ; Šujanský,, Milan (referee) ; Zbořil, František (advisor)
Disertační práce se zabývá modelováním znečištění ovzduší, jeho transportních a disperzních procesů ve spodní části atmosféry a zejména numerickými metodami, které slouží k řešení těchto modelů. Modelování znečištění ovzduší je velmi důležité pro předpověď kontaminace a pomáhá porozumět samotnému procesu a eliminaci následků. Hlavním tématem práce jsou metody pro řešení modelů popsaných parciálními diferenciálními rovnicemi, přesněji advekčně-difúzní rovnicí. Polovina práce je zaměřena na známou metodu přímek a je zde ukázáno, že tato metoda je vhodná k řešení určitých konkrétních problémů. Dále bylo navrženo a otestováno řešení paralelizace metody přímek, jež ukazuje, že metoda má velký potenciál pro akceleraci na současných grafických kartách a tím pádem i zvětšení přesnosti výpočtu. Druhá polovina práce se zabývá poměrně mladou metodou ELLAM a její aplikací pro řešení atmosférických advekčně-difúzních rovnic. Byla otestována konkrétní forma metody ELLAM společně s navrženými adaptacemi. Z výsledků je zřejmé, že v mnoha případech ELLAM překonává současné používané metody.
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Generic Reverse Compilation to Recognize Specific Behavior
Ďurfina, Lukáš ; Šaloun, Petr (referee) ; Zahradnický,, Tomáš (referee) ; Kolář, Dušan (advisor)
Práce je zaměřena na rozpoznávání specifického chování pomocí generického zpětného překladu. Generický zpětný překlad je proces, který transformuje spustitelné soubory z různých architektur a formátů objektových souborů na stejný jazyk na vysoké úrovni. Tento proces se vztahuje k nástroji Lissom Decompiler. Pro účely rozpoznání chování práce zavádí Language for Decompilation -- LfD. LfD představuje jednoduchý imperativní jazyk, který je vhodný pro srovnávaní. Konkrétní chování je dáno známým spustitelným souborem (např. malware) a rozpoznání se provádí jako najítí poměru podobnosti s jiným neznámým spustitelným souborem. Tento poměr podobnosti je vypočítán nástrojem LfDComparator, který zpracovává dva vstupy v LfD a rozhoduje o jejich podobnosti.
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OPTIMIZATION OF ALGORITHMS AND DATA STRUCTURES FOR REGULAR EXPRESSION MATCHING USING FPGA TECHNOLOGY
Kaštil, Jan ; Plíva, Zdeněk (referee) ; Vlček, Karel (referee) ; Kotásek, Zdeněk (advisor)
Disertační práce se zabývá rychlým vyhledáváním regulárních výrazů v síťovém provozu s použitím technologie FPGA. Vyhledávání regulárních výrazů v síťovém provozu je výpočetně náročnou operací využívanou převážně v oblasti síťové bezpečnosti a v oblasti monitorování provozu vysokorychlostních počítačových sítí. Současná řešení neumožňují dosáhnout požadovaných multigigabitových propustností při dodržení všech požadavků, které jsou na vyhledávací jednotky kladeny. Nejvyšších propustností dosahují implementace založené na využití inovativních hardwarových architektur implementovaných v FPGA případně v ASIC. Tato disertační práce popisuje nové architektury vyhledávací jednotky, které jsou vhodné pro implementaci jak v FPGA tak v ASIC. Základní myšlenkou navržených architektur je využití perfektní hashovací funkce pro implementaci přechodové tabulky konečného automatu. Dále byla navržena architektura, která umožňuje uživateli zanést malou pravděpodobnost chyby při vyhledávání a tím snížit paměťové nároky vyhledávací jednotky. Disertační práce analyzuje vliv pravděpodobnosti této chyby na celkovou spolehlivost systému a srovnává ji s řešením používaným v současnosti. V rámci disertační práce byla provedena měření vlastností regulárních výrazů používaných při analýze provozu moderních počítačových sítí. Z provedené analýzy vyplývá, že velká část regulárních výrazů je vhodná pro implementaci pomocí navržených architektur. Pro dosažení vysoké propustnosti vyhledávací jednotky práce navrhuje nový algoritmus transformace abecedy, který umožňuje, aby vyhledávací jednotka zpracovala více znaků v jednom kroku. Na rozdíl od současných metod, navržený algoritmus umožňuje konstrukci automatu zpracovávajícího libovolný počet symbolů v jednom taktu. Implementované architektury dosahují v porovnání se současnými metodami úspory paměti zlepšení až 200MB.
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