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World Trade in Crude Oil
Benešová, Nela ; Čajka, Radek (advisor) ; Bolotov, Ilya (referee)
This master´s thesis deals with trade with crude oil and its impact on the world economy. Everyone, who wants to start to trade with crude oil, should find out basic terminology and information about crude oil that is characterized in the first chapter. The hunt for oil started many years ago, therefore the history is also mentioned in this master´s thesis. The second chapter focuses on the world trade with crude oil. Territorial structure and trade flows are described in this part of the master´s thesis. Nevertheless, the crude oil also has an impact on the world economy and economies of single states. The third chapter analyses states, where the inhabitants live beyond means of people from other countries but these states are so depended on crude oil that if this trade stopped, these countries would go bankrupt. However, there are also exceptions. Even though, there are states that have huge sources of crude oil, they still have to deal with financial problems. The forth chapter characterizes the trade with crude oil of the Czech Republic because it is a net importer of crude oil and the last chapter focuses on new trends in crude oil such as shale oil and trading at a crude oil market.
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Corporate social responsibility of SAP
Vaníková, Zuzana ; Müllerová, Františka (advisor) ; Sitter, Barbora (referee)
The thesis deals with corporate social responsibility. The subject of investigation is the CSR strategy of the chosen company. The theoretical part describes the corporate social responsibility from a historical and a current perspective. Above all, the thesis puts emphasis on the social pillar, namely the activities of the company in relation to its stakeholders, particularly employees and volunteering. Volunteering is an important part of corporate social responsibility. The questionnaire and subsequently its statistical evaluation answers the question whether the students currently studying in two economic universities consider SAP as a responsible company and how they relate to volunteerism.
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The Conclusion of a Contract under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods in Comparison with Czech National Legislation
Krčálová, Kristýna ; Boháček, Martin (advisor) ; Levý, Jan (referee)
This Master's thesis focuses on the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), better known as the Vienna Convention. The main purpose of this thesis is to evaluate conditions for application of this international treaty and to assess the contracting process under the CISG including the similarities and differences with the Czech national legislation. Finally, it seeks an answer to the question, which of these rules (international or national) are more advantageous for a Czech contractual party with respect to concluding a contract. The thesis is divided into five parts. The first one represents an introduction to the CISG, its origin and the Czech Republic's attitude to it. The second part identifies the conditions for application of the CISG and therefore defines a subject and an object of an international contract of sale under the CISG. Both third and fourth parts gradually introduce two phases of the contracting process (offer and acceptance) including the relevant case-law. The last chapter strives to complete the contracting process with an analysis of the exact moment, when a contract is concluded, as well as with an analysis of a potential battle of the forms and its impact on a contract conclusion.
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The current level of compliance with the concept of prenatal care from the perspective of pregnant women
URBÁNKOVÁ, Martina
This bachelor thesis deals with a current level of abidance of the prenatal care conception from the point of view of pregnant women. Theoretical part is divided into four main chapters. The first chapter is focused on the history of midwifery and prenatal care. The second one describes prenatal care in general, organisations, goals, antenatal preparation by the midwife, pregnancy card and a role of the midwife in the prenatal consulting. The third chapter deals with pregnancy diagnosis and the last one concerns the examination of pregnant women in each trimester. Practical part of the thesis points out a comparison of a current level of abiding the prenatal care conception in České Budějovice and Benešov region.Three goals were set prior to writting this thesis. The first goal was to find out the abidance of the prenatal care conception from the point of view of pregnant women. The second goal was to find out, whether pregnant women understand the importance of all the examinations carried out during prenatal consultings. The third goal was to find our and compare the level of abiding the prenatal care conception in České Budějovice and Benešov region. Three questions arose from these three goals: What is the level of abiding the prenatal care conception? What examinations are being carried out during prenatal consultings? What is the difference between abiding the prenatal care conception in České Budějovice and Benešov region?The qualitative method had been used to conduct the survey.Answers to the questions from the survey were searched during the acquisition and processing of the semi-structured interviews. Conclusion of the survey is, that all the pregnant women are satisfied with the current conception of the prenatal care. This way of timing of visit intervals in prenatal consultings seems right to them, important and necessary, not only for a control over themselves, but also for a control over the fetus. The level of the conception of prenatal care is good, satisfactory for all the mothers. Surprising result was, that half of the mothers is unable to describe and elaborate what examinations they went through in prenatal consulting, when it was and what was its purpose. Especially when only two respondents complained about insufficient awareness from the physician about performed examinations. As the most common examinations were stated: blood pressure, urine, weight, CTG scan and vaginal examinations. Based on the conducted survey I have managed to find out that the frequency of regular visits in prenatal consulting, according to CGOS recommendations in České Budějovice was abode only in two cases. This fact was not confirmed by any respondent from the Benešov region. Schedule of the regular visits depends on physician´s consideration. Another difference was not discovered. Current level of abidance of the prenatal care conception in Benešov region is similar to České Budějovice.The thesis may serve as an informational material in prenatal consultings in the future, especially for pregnant women, who want to know the progress of prenatal care.
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Awareness of vegetarians about deficit of certain nutritions in vegetarian diet and about ways to compensate them
VORLÍČKOVÁ, Markéta
This thesis deals with vegetarians' awareness of the lack of specific nutritional substances in the vegetarian diet and their compensation. The aim is to explore whether vegetarians have sufficient information about the nutritional composition of their diet, whether they are interested in researching this information and whether the information is available and sufficient. I also looked at whether people with this eating preference are preventing potential nutritional deficits and subsequent health problems. There were designated the following three research questions: "How often and where do most vegetarians get information about a meatless diet?", "How can you achieve a full fledged vegetarian diet?" and "What is vegan awareness on the potential deficiencies in their diet, and how do they try avoid these?". In the theoretical part I deal with vegetarianism as a lifestyle, vegetarianism and its subgroups, the reasons for going to this way of life, the composition of a vegetarian diet with a focus on nutrients that may be deficient, vegetarianism and its impact on the body at different stages of development and ultimately the impact of a meatless diet on human health. The practical section is an elaborated form of qualitative research, specifically I chose semi-structured interviews. I collected the data from the interviews. The interview contained fourteen or fifteen questions, and women were also questioned about the pregnancy period. I asked questions regarding the issue of vegetarianism, veganism or raw foodism. I was interested in individual eating habits, nutrition knowledge and personal experience of the respondents. The data was collected between January 2014 and March 2014. The research group consisted of 6 respondents. The group was made up of women and men in the age range from 20 to 30 years. Among respondents there were vegetarians, vegans and raw foodists and the period of time in which they have been eating this way is different for every person. All respondents were familiar with the purpose of providing an interview and agreed to the publication. The interviews I conducted in person and were recorded on a dictaphone mobile phone. The results of my work show that most respondents do research about a meatless diet. They logically state that most intensive research took place while they were switching their eating habits, but now they still keep finding out new information. The most commonly used way was the Internet, specifically through websites such as www.soucitne.cz or www.vegan-fighter.com. Other sources used are books, articles, studies, and information received from friends or family members. The respondents argue that because the information was obtained this way, their diet is balanced. They are often trying to maintain diversity in their diet, for example, consume legumes and combine various foods such as legumes with cereals. Raw foodists state that they often consume sprouts, seeds, nuts, and of course a large amount of raw vegetables and fruits. All Vegans and Raw foodists know about the possible lack of vitamin B12, and some for this reason, use supplements. Also mentioned are supplements or protein complex supplements designed specifically for vegans.
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Comparison of old and current cine lenses in combination with modern digital camera
Jakubec, František ; HOJDA, Petr (advisor) ; MIKŠ, Antonín (referee)
A Director of Photography has many artistic possibilities when working with cine lenses. Today, we can produce many optical effects in digital post-productions; however, working with lenses and with their defects (aberrations) is very interesting when you use them with modern recording technology. This thesis examines a small part of these issues. The theoretical part is about general qualities of optical systems, their aberrations, and measurement of picture quality. Furthermore, there is also a description of the movie camera and lenses, which were used for testing. The analytical part is about analyzing real footage from tests.
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Sorption and Stabilization of Metals/Mettalloids by Innovative Synthesized Sorbent Amochar.
Ouředníček, P. ; Trakal, L. ; Komárek, M. ; Pohořelý, Michael
Remediation of contaminated soil which is based on stabilization and immobilization of potential\nhazardous substance by sorption materials has been studied intensively nowadays. Biochar – activated organic carbon belongs to this group of stabilizing agents which can adsorb wide range of contaminants, including metals/metalloids. Surface area of the biochars is quite large in general and functional groups (e.g. COO–) can form chelates or alkaline elements on the surface, which is represented by cation exchange capacity. Altogether with the high pH values (7.00 – 10.00), biochars are quite effective sorbents and can adsorb metals/metalloids from the solution (ground water), especially in acidic soils (in the environments affected by intensive mining activities). Sorption\neffectiveness can be increased (especially for As (V) or Cr (VI) sorption) by modification of biochar by various types of secondary oxides. Innovative sorbent AMOchar (AMO + biochar) has been synthesized currently. The product was prepared by adding of biochar to the reaction solution during amorphous manganese oxide (AMO) synthesis. The AMOchar was formed mainly by Mn-oxalates which had coated surface of the pristine biochar. AMOchar composite was able to remove significantly higher amounts of various metal(loid)s from the solution despite the rather high pH of the material. Sorption effectiveness was high not only in case of Pb (II) sorption (almost 99%), and Cd(II) (51.2%), but also a very high amount of As(V), 91.4%. Additionally, both AMOchar composite was able to reduce Mn leaching. This can avoid potential post-contamination caused by the dissolution of less stable Mn-oxalates as observed in the pure AMO.
Fulltext: content.csg -  PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_22316111113040 - PDF
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Analysis breeding of milk cattle on the chosen biofarme
Plášková, Pavlína ; Toušová, Renata (advisor) ; Ducháček, Jaromír (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to evaluace the conditions of dairy cattle breeding in ecological agriculture and to compare them with concrete values taken from the chosen ecological farm Bílčice, which has been part of ecological agriculture since 2011 and which is focused on czech fleckvieh breeding and bio milk production. The first part deals with dairy cattle breed characteristic, main objectives and ecological agriculture principals, welfare problems, breed cattle and utility control, housing technology, nutrition and feeding, mechanical milking technology, milk production, reproduction, health condition and breeding economy. The practical part contains the rating of milk yield index (milk production, % proteins, % fat) and reproduction index ( meantime, perioda service, insemination index and after first parturition percentage). 650 pieces of cos were stabled at farm, from that 200 pices of dairy cos were mostly czech fleckvieh. Monitoring was made in 2013. Dayily milk production was around 2 750 kg. The milk utility for lactacion was in 2013 6 100 kg of milk, 3,89 % fat and 3,34 % proteins. The dairy cos were free stabled with high bedding, They were mechanically milked twice a day in herringbone parlours. Milk is being delivered once in twodays to Olma dairy. Cows are regularly driven out to pasture in summer feeding period. They are extra fed with 10 kg of clover silage and 6 kg of scarp (barely, wheat, triticale). Cows stays in stables for winter time. The ration consists of 45 kg of clover silage, 6 kg of scarp, 2 kg of lupine and 1 kg of corn in first time of lactacion. The cow utility in transitional form of economy at farm Bilcice was 7 477 kg of milk in 2010, a value in the Czech Republic was 7 726 kg of milk. After entering the ecological agriculture in 2013 milk yield at the farm decreased on 6 100 kg of milk and the average value in the Czech Republic increased to 8 370 kg of milk. The cow utility in transitional form was 4,03 % fat in 2010 and 3,89 % in 2013 (ecological agriculture). A diference between 2010 and 2013 is 0,14 %. Proteins were 3,39 % in 2010 and 3,34 % in 2013. There was average value for every reproduction index. The service period was 96 days and the meantime was 400 days, the insemination index was 1,8 and the after first parturition percentage was 54,2 %.
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Arctic tundra dendrochronology
Lehejček, Jiří ; Svoboda, Miroslav (advisor) ; Monika, Monika (referee)
Historically unprecedented environmental change in the Arctic ecosystems is often given into the context of its past and possible future development. In the region where instrumental meteorological observations are scarce archives need to be investigated in order to address this issues. The comprehensive synthesis one of the archives: long-live circumpolar evergreen Juniperus communis L. shrub is presented here. 20 individuals from southwest Greenland were investigated at the cell anatomy level to understand the ecology of the species and unhide its potential for environmental and climate reconstructions. The findings are as follows:
i) Stop of exponential cross-sectional conduit-lumen widening with increasing age is in contrast with conduit-lumen nature of trees. This indicates that shrubs do not need to saturate their water and nutrient demands via traits of classical hydraulic conductivity law but rather developed different mechanisms. Extreme weather conditions result in prostrate growth form. However, different weather factors probably influence shrub growth differently: While snow and wind act mechanically (a), temperature influences the form of growth physiologically (b). a) So long as the young shrub stem has high resilience to bend back to an upright position after snow melt and so long as it can withstand the wind during the vegetation season it most likely grows upright and the conduit-lumens widen. b) Temperature, resp. freeze-thaw events are responsible for the shrubs preference of safety (finite size of conduit-lumens) over hydraulic efficiency, thus not allowing for more primary growth. All of these (and other) factors are apparently working together and the transition of vertical to more horizontal growth is gradual. As a consequence, the conduit-lumen sizes may not have to be further increased (due to ecophysiological restrictions possibly also must not) because water is no longer transported against gravity.
ii) Observed age/growth trend has to be taken into consideration for further employment of the wood anatomical parameter in paleoenvironmental studies. That is, shrub cell parameters can only be used for this purposes if correctly detrended. This allows for more accurate as well as longer reconstructions because youth trend was often neglected in reconstructions based on shrub annual-rings.
iii) The south-western Greenland Ice-Sheet (GrIS) melt rates reconstruction is presented for the whole 20th century. This part of GrIS is considered as the most active. According to the presented reconstruction current GrIS melt rates are not uncommon for the last century being comparable to first decades of 20th century. This finding is particularly important contribution to the debate on Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Too high fresh water inputs into the Northern Atlantic from GrIS melting may slow down or even stop the AMOC which would result in more continental climate in Europe. Presented results indicate that this threshold lies higher than observed current melt rates of GrIS.
Fascinating Juniperus comunnis species has shown to be able to address many ecological as well as environmental open questions and due to its longevity and abundant distribution has a great potential to become an important player in the Arctic research.
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The Wine Market in the Czech Republic and the Politics of Wine
Vlašicová, Eliška ; Tomšík, Karel (advisor) ; Malý, Michal (referee)
The dissertation thesis is focusing on the wine market in the Czech Republic. The aim is to identify weaknesses in the wine sector in order to formulate recommendations for improving a current situation in the sector. The Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union and the Common Market Organisation for Wine was presented in the theoretical part of the thesis, where also theoretical aspects of a market including supply and demand were described, as well as an agri-food market and its specifics, wine commodity chain, determinants of demand, supply and prices of wine. In the following chapters an analysis of the wine market, especially with emphasis on the production potential of vineyards in the Czech Republic was created, and demand, supply and price of wine including a price transmission in the commodity chain of wine were modelled based on a regression analysis. The significant influence on demand of wine have had previous values of wine consumption and wine prices, substitutes consumptions (prices of substitutes were not a significant factors), household income and salary, a quality of the wine and awards in international competitions. Significant factors of the side of supply including the price of wine grapes, the price of wine, vineyard area, production of wine grapes, some aspects of weather and certain subsidies. A climate change, which is in progress, may result to the expansion of viticulture and winemaking in the Czech Republic and also to a change of varieties in vineyards. Demand has in the commodity chain of wine greater impact than the supply. It can have a negative effect on growers or winemakers. Planting of vines is not sufficient to maintain current levels of a production potential of vineyards in the Czech Republic. The ideal amount of annual planting vines should be about 655 ha. A related issue is financing a vineyards renewal, which is costly. Based on a financial analysis of small and medium-sized wine companies, it was found that these businesses cannot afford the renewal of vineyards from its own resources and will require grant assistance of the state, eventually EU.
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