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Chronic wound care - shin ulcer
Kümmelová, Tereza ; Hromádková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Nikodemová, Hana (referee)
The bachelor thesis Chronic wound care - shin ulcer deals with the issue of chronic wounds focusing on tibial ulcers. The aim of the thesis was: To collect data on treatment options for and to study the available resources. To obtain data from the database "Care of the patient with a non-healing wound" at the University Hospital in Motol. These data were then assessed and statistically processed. To calculate a qualified estimate of the burden of nursing staff related to the care of patients with shin ulcer in internal medicine units, surgical units and in general in the University Hospital in Motol. The theoretical part of the thesis gives a basic overview of the problem. The empirical part of the thesis presents the results of the own investigation and their comparison with the results of previously conducted studies. The method of the research investigation was secondary data analysis from the database "Care of a patient with a non-healing wound" at the University Hospital in Motol. The research investigation included 164 patients with shin ulcer hospitalized in the period from January 1, 2022 to June 31, 2022 at the University Hospital in Motol. Results: It was found that more males were hospitalized with shin ulcer than females in Motol University Hospital during the period. More patients with...
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Changes in the manner of dressing of surgical wounds in the last 30 years
SPILKOVÁ, Eliška
Surgical wound care - dressing is a set of activities that favorably affect the healing process. The course of dressing under aseptic conditions is important to avoid infection in the wound and unpleasant complications. The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze the changes in the way surgical wounds are used, especially in the last three decades. In connection with the analysis of the text, a research question was asked: How has the method of dressing surgical wounds changed in the last 30 years? We set 5 hypotheses. H1: nurses who have been in practice for more than 10 years prefer sterile devices stored in containers to wound dressings over nurses who have been in practice for less than 10 years. H2: Nurses who have been in practice for more than 10 years prefer the no-dose system more often than nurses who have been in practice for less than 10 years. H3: Nurses who have been in practice for more than 10 years have seen more changes in the method of dressing in the last 30 years than nurses who have been in practice for less than 10 years. H4: Nurses who have been in practice for more than 10 years claim that there have been no changes in the disinfectant and treatment solutions used for dressings during their practice. H5: From the point of view of nurses who have been in practice for more than 10 years, wound dressings are performed more aseptically now than 30 years ago. The empirical part of this diploma thesis was processed on the basis of qualitative and quantitative research. Data collection was performed through a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. After saturating the answers, a total of 10 interviews and 272 questionnaires were included in the empirical part of this work. The results of the research show that the main changes that have occurred in the last three decades include changes in medical and disinfectant solutions, wound dressings, sterilization packaging, sterile material handling system, wound dressings used and, last but not least, wound healing .
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Alpha-gal - dvě strany jedné mince
ŠABATKOVÁ, Klára
Ticks are interesting ectoparasites for their ability to modulate the host's defense response. This ability of tick saliva is often exploited by pathogens to increase their transmission. Therefore many researchers focused on identification of molecules in tick saliva and their possible medical use. This thesis focuses on the high natural presence of anti-Gal antibodies in human serum and it's interaction with alpha-gal epitope that is expressed on the surface of some pathogens and mammalian cells. This epitope has been identified in tick saliva and some drugs as well.
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Differentiation of keratinocytes: molecular markers and potential of influencing them in vitro
Ondrúšková, Denisa ; Filová, Elena (advisor) ; Porubská, Bianka (referee)
Keratinocytes are the most abundant skin cells found in epidermis. They are divided into proliferative basal stem cells, which are in close contact with basement membrane and suprabasal differentiating cells. Basal keratinocytes express K5 and K14 keratins and give rise to differentiating layers via delamination or asymmetric division. The firstly formed layer is stratum spinosum that expresses keratins K1 and K10 and involucrin, and, subsequently, it passes into the stratum granulosum, in which cells express loricrin and profilagrin. The last layer of epidermis is the stratum corneum formed by corneocytes that finally desquamate. Keratinocytes participate in the process of skin regeneration and can be isolated and cultivated. Their cultivation can be affected by various factors, such as selection of suitable materiál (nanofibers/gels) and suitable culture media, which can be enriched with growth factors, platelet lysat, vitamins and other substances. When culturing them, it also depends on whether the cells are entirely immersed in medium or growing on liquid/air interface. To approximate in vivo conditions and to study interaction between cell populations, keratinocytes are often cultured in co-cultures with different cells such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, monocytes and others....
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Development of antimicrobial wound healing nanostructure biomaterials
Hanák, Jan ; Wikarská, Monika (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is focused on optimizing the production of nanoparticles with a bioactive component - especially on enzymes and antibiotics encapsulated into lipozomes. Nanoparticles with active substances could be used in the field of pharmacy or cosmetology. In the theoretical part the composition of the skin, skin injuries, and wound covers are described. The materials used for the preparation of nanoparticles and nanofibers are characterized as well as processes to produce such nanomaterials. Enzymes, antimicrobial drugs, and methods for determining antimicrobial activity are mentioned in this section, too. The practical part deals with the characterization and optimization of the formation of lipozome particles with encapsulated enzymes. The formed particles were divided into two groups. The first type of particles were pure lipozomes, while the second ones enriched by polyhydroxybutyrate to increase the encapsulation efficiency and improve the stability of the particles. The enzymes bromelain and lysozyme were selected for the highest encapsulation efficiency. The encapsulation of these two enzymes took place in two ways - by thin film hydration and by sonication method. Both methods showed high encapsulation efficiency, but the sonication method proved to be unsuitable due to enzyme denaturation. The proteolytic activity of the released enzymes from the particles was measured. The stability of the particles was monitored in a physiological and aquatic environment by measuring the zeta potential for up to 28 days. Moreover, the enzymes, ampicillin, and particles created by sonication were subsequently subjected to antimicrobial tests by using two test bacterial strains. Finally, alginate particles with encapsulated enzymes were also formed, then the encapsulation efficiency and proteolytic activity of the enzyme were measured. In this study also other methods of encapsulation of active substances are outlined, which could be possibly used to produce nanomaterials suitable for wound healing.
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Modification of hydrogel wound dressings by biological active agents
Štrublová, Veronika ; Říhová, Martina (referee) ; Vojtová, Lucy (advisor)
Cílem práce je navrhnout a připravit cenově výhodný hydrogelový kryt ran, který bude chránit ránu před mikrobiální infekcí a urychlovat proces hojení. Teoretická část shrnuje jak přírodní, tak syntetické polymery, antibakteriální a pro-hojivá aditiva, která jsou široce používána v biomedicínských aplikacích. Obsahuje také krátký přehled jednotlivých fází hojení ran. Experimentální část předložené práce se zabývá přípravou a charakterizací hydrogelových krytů ran s porézní strukturou složených jak ze syntetických, tak přírodních polymerů zahrnujících přírodní polysacharid Gum Karaya (GK), polyvinylalkohol a polyethylenglykol. Připravené lyofilizované hydrogelové kryty ran byly obohaceny biologicky aktivními látkami – antibakteriálními nanočásticemi selenu a fibroblastovým růstovým faktorem FGF2, který představuje protein pro hojení ran. Pro charakterizaci lyofilizovaných hydrogelových krytů ran byla použita řada fyzikálně-chemických technik. Metoda zeslabeného úplného odrazu infračervené spektroskopie s Fourierovou transformací (ATR-FTIR) byla použita ke stanovení změn v chemické struktuře, biomechanické vlastnosti za fyziologických podmínek byly vyhodnoceny pomocí tahové zkoušky za použití dynamicko-mechanické analýzy, morfologie byla charakterizována skenovací elektronovou mikroskopií (SEM) a botnací vlastnosti připravených vzorků byly zjištěny vhodnou gravimetrickou metodou. K vyhodnocení antimikrobiálních vlastností GK byla použita jak mikrodiluční bujónová metoda, tak difúzní agarová disková metoda. Cytotoxicita bylo kvantifikována na základě A) počítání počtu živých a mrtvých buněk v extraktech z GK a B) měřením buněčné proliferace pomocí resazurinové eseje. In vivo testování proběhlo ve spolupráci s Výzkumným ústavem veterinárního lékařství na praseti bílém jako animálním modelu. Z výsledků vyplynulo, že vzorky obsahující glycerol vykazují vynikající mechanické vlastnosti jak za suchého, tak za mokrého stavu. Výsledky antibakteriálních testů ukázaly pozitivní synergický efekt GK a selenových nanočástic na inhibici růstu všech testovaných G+ kmenů. In vivo a in vitro testy prokázaly zvýšenou hojivou schopnost připravených materiálů bez způsobení cytotoxických reakcí. Nové porézní a velmi stabilní hydrogelové kryty ran jsou nadějnými materiály, které mohou být využity v biomedicínských aplikacích, především v oblastech vlhkého hojení ran.
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Encapsulation of active substances into nanofibers and possibilities of their application
Procházková, Lucie ; Pernicová, Iva (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
The master thesis was based on the optimization of the production of nanofiber covers and to gaine the product for subsequent functional use. The production of nanofiber covers was made by electrospinning and forcespinning from selected materials. Polyhydroxybutyrate, gelatin, chitosan and alginate were used as starting materials. After successful optimization, these materials were enriched with active ingredients ampicillin and ibuprofen for the functionalized use of covers for more effective wound healing. The theoretical part was focused on the issue of skin, healing processes, types of wounds and nanofibers, the characterization of selected starting materials for the formation of nanofibers was also mentioned. The practical part was based on the lengthy optimization of the preparation of fiber covers and later enriched with active ingredients. Furthermore, combined covers made of different materials with contents of both active ingredients were designed. This was followed by the characterization of all prepared covers from the point of view of stability in the short and long term. The gradual release of active ingredients was determined spectrophotometrically and by hifh performance liquid chromatography. It was also important to determine the antimicrobial activity of selected active substances. At the end of all testing, combined coatings containing both active ingredients were used for safety testing with human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT). Safety testing was based on determining the viability of human cells using the MTT test, to verify the LDH test. A scratch test was also performed, a wound healing test after the application of devised combined covers.
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Role of fibroblasts in wound healing and cancer
Mateu Sanz, Rosana ; Smetana, Karel (advisor) ; Masařík, Michal (referee) ; Mokrý, Jaroslav (referee)
Fibroblasts are stromal cells ubiquitously present in the human body. They often appear in a quiescent state and can become activated in response to tissue remodeling signals. Activated fibroblasts acquire biosynthetic, pro-inflammatory and contractile properties, key functions for wound healing. In addition, the presence of permanently activated fibroblasts is one of the hallmarks of cancer. The purpose of this work is to investigate the differences between newborn and adult fibroblasts and keratinocytes in their implication in scarless wound healing, the origin of cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF)s and the influence of fibroblasts in melanoma invasion. Evidence suggests that wounds heal almost without scar in newborns. To understand the mechanisms that contribute to scarless wound healing we focused on the differences between newborn and adult fibroblasts and keratinocytes, which are cells present in human skin and participating in wound healing process. A comparison of the expression profile between newborn and adult fibroblasts showed differentially regulated genes related to the acute phase of the inflammatory response and ECM organization, traits involved in wound healing. We also found that newborn fibroblast showed higher differentiation potential, exhibited markers of pluripotency and...
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