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The effect of nutritional intervention in patients with obesity and atrial fibrillation
Buzická, Julie ; Souza Lopes, Kristýna (advisor) ; Havránek, Štěpán (referee)
Introduction: Due to its high and increasing prevalence, obesity is among the most prevalent and one of the most serious risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. It is well established that there is an epidemiological link between obesity and atrial fibrillation and the risk of atrial fibrillation increases with increasing BMI. Studies show that weight reduction combined with antiarrhythmic drug therapy has a good effect in the treatment of atrial fibrillation in some patients. Nutritional intervention is an important part of the treatment of obesity and for this reason this paper focuses on its effect. Objectives: The aim of this theses is to evaluate the effect of individual nutritional intervention using telemedicine in obese patients with atrial fibrillation on the intake of total energy, individual major nutrients and fibre. In addition, the development of body weight and adipose tissue mass over a 6 month period should be evaluated. A secondary objective is to evaluate the exercise intervention based on the number of steps per day. Methods: Data were collected on III. Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, in the outpatient clinic of dietitians. The study included...
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Optimization of packaging properties of selected meat products
ZAJÍCOVÁ, Vladana
The diploma thesis on the topic of optimizing the packaging properties of a selected meat product deals with experimental testing of the properties of plastic casings, specifically designed for Vysočina salami. Polymer NaloFerm clear Dia 55, iCel premium and iCel C* packages were chosen for experimental monitoring compared to the standard NaloFaser phasor casing. The weight of the packaging during the production process, the change in the calibre and length of the product, the course of the decrease in water activity and the final surface appearance of the product were monitored for the packaging samples. Statistically significant differences were found in weight loss among all tested samples (P <0.001). By evaluating changes in parameters during technological operations, data were obtained for manufacturers, where the reason for testing was the targeted selection of new, more suitable packaging for non-fermented meat products.
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Measurement of corrosion resistance of anodized aluminum protective surface layers
Redr, Martin ; Jandová, Kristýna (referee) ; Chladil, Ladislav (advisor)
This master’s thesis is focused on anodic oxidation of an aluminium surface with subsequent sealing of the surface using mid-temperature sealing methods. The research in the theoretical part of the thesis is carried out in surface treatments of aluminium and its alloys, where attention is mainly paid to anodic oxidation, as it is the most widely used surface treatment. The second discussed and at the same time key topic is the sealing process of the anodic coating, which has a fundamental effect on the quality of the corrosion resistance of the resulting surface. In the practical part of the thesis, a number of anodic oxidation experiments with subsequent sealing of the coating on prepared aluminium samples and their subsequent evaluation according to ČSN EN ISO 3210 standard were carried out. Mid-temperature sealing experiments were mainly focused on the use of triethanolamine (TEA), which seems very promising in terms of the resulting sealing quality.
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Change of life quality in people undergoing the organized reduction program
Štefánková, Gabriela ; Majorová, Simona (advisor) ; Mahrová, Andrea (referee)
Title: Change of life quality in people undergoing the organized reduction program Objective: The work objective is to find out a possible change of life quality after undergoing a three-month reduction course which consists of aerobic exercise and circuit training, as well as group work under the guidance of an instructor. Methods: The data will be collected through the SF36 questionnaire. In the first phase of the project, the course participants will fill out a questionnaire which will be handed over to them before the commencement of the reduction program. In the second part of the project, the participants will fill out the same questionnaire after undergoing the course. Subsequently, I will analyse the results and assess the success rate of the program. Method - questionnaire survey. Results: After undergoing a three-month reduction program, there were positive changes in quality of life. The effectiveness of the influence of the three-month reduction programme is seen primarily in the improvement of the psychological side of the individual. I find the lack of this study in a small set of probands, so I do not consider the results could be generalised. Keywords: Obesity, physical activity, BMI, weight loss, methods of treating obesity
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Bariatric Surgery and Obese Patients' Motivation
Laštovičková, Jitka ; Tollarová, Blanka (advisor) ; Šmídová, Olga (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with obese patients' motivation to undergo or refuse a bariatric surgery in obesity treatment. The aim of the thesis was to create an overview of patient's motivation to undergo or refuse a bariatric surgery, to show an obese patient's situation (a candidate for a bariatric surgery) from a closer perspective and offer recommendations for the work with obese patients. The qualitative research method in a form of a semistructured interview with the obese patients, who are being treated in obesity ambulances, and with the psychologists, who work with obese patients, was used to analyse the theme of the research. The eight interviews were conducted and analysed with open coding. Obese patients are motivated to undergo a bariatric surgery by improvement of their health, increased attractiveness and by expectation of their obesity's final solution. Obese patients don't want to undergo a bariatric surgery because they're convinced, that they could manage to lose weight and keep it without undergoing a bariatric surgery. Also because they are worried about the bariatric surgery, its complications, its restrictions, required anesthesia and about the failure after undergoing bariatric surgery. Obese patients' motivation to undergo or refuse a bariatric surgery is also influenced by...
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Effect of reducing the three-month program of physical activity on body composition and weight change.
Dyrcová, Martina ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (referee)
The thesis is dealing with the effect of the three-month reduction program with physical activity on body composition and changes in body weight of each participant in the program. To reduce weight and reach health benefit means especially to reduce single components of body fat. The goal was to find out what changes in body composition and body weight have been done, analyze it and evaluate the success rate of this program. The three month reduction programmes took place in a recondition centre VŠTJ Medicina Praha, o.s. The results of the research were compared and evaluated on the basis of input and output measuring by a bioimpedance device InBody. The evaluated components were: body weight, BMI, waistline, muscle mass, lean body mass, total body water and the amount of work-out hours in the recondition centre. Program duration was also considered. From the total number of 60 participants (11 men and 49 women), 42 successfully finished the program (7 men and 35 women). Statistically significant differences have been found in the input and output of body weight, BMI, waistline and amount of body fat. Each mentioned parameter has been decreased. The other parameters have not been significantly changed. The effectiveness of the three month reduction program is noticeable especially in increasing...
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Evaluation of physiotherapeutical effect in patients after bariatric surgery
Trávníčková, Gabriela ; Pavlů, Dagmar (advisor) ; Cibulková, Natálie (referee)
Title: Evaluation of physiotherapeutical effect in patients after bariatric surgery. Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effect of physiotherapy (aerobic and anaerobic training) on weight reduction (body composition), quality of life and response to load (affecting VO2 max) in patients after bariatric surgery. After the evaluation of results, I would like to use the study to improve the quality of follow-up care in patients after bariatric surgery. Methods: In this study the search method of available Czech and mainly foreign sources was used. Furthermore, the InBody was used to measure body weight and body composition. For the evaluation of quality of life the standardized questionnaire IWQOL - Lite (HRQoL) was used and the six-minute walk test and spiroergometry were used for the evaluation of response to exercise (VO2 max). Additionally, the spiroergometry evaluated an influence on VO2 max and overall condition in patients after bariatric surgery. The age range of probands was 50 to 64 years. For the analysis of final values a software Microsoft Excel 2007 was used. Results: Two probands participated in the research, one of whom was a woman and one was a man of age 50 and 64 years. One of the probands (proband A) was measured before and after the three-months movement...
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Adipokines (leptin and adiponectin) as predictors of weight loss and weight regain during one year period following the 10-week low caloric diet (NUGENOB study)
Drahoš, Jan ; Polák, Jan (advisor)
In the Czech republic, about 20% of women and 16% of men are obese. The key role in the etiology of obesity plays the imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, which is influenced by many factors, including leptin and adiponectin. Leptin is secreted mainly from adipocytes and it's levels increase with cell fat content and body fat percentage. Leptin itself is supposed to lead to weight loss, both by decreasing appetite and increasing energy expenditure. But high levels of leptin can be a signal of so called leptin resistance, a state in which leptin is losing it's effects. Adiponectin is secreted exclusively from adipose tissue. In obese people, lower levels of adiponectin were proven (i.e. adiponectin levels are in a negative correlation with body fat percentage). That's consistent with the fact that adiponectin is affecting a range of metabolic prosesses and thus improves insulin sensitivity and metabolic profile. For evaluation, we used a database of almost 750 subjects, that was build under the Nugenob study, conducted in 8 cities in 7 european countries. Al the participants were measured their anthropometric and biochemical parameters at the baseline and after 10 weeks of a standardized weight reduction program. The czech center retested the patient once again 1 year after the initial...
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The effect of different bariatric operations on the weight loss in the treatment of obesity
Janoušková, Eva ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Svačina, Štěpán (referee)
Introduction: Bariatric procedures belong to modern methods of therapy of obesity, especially in patients with higher degree of obesity. Currently, different procedures are performed, among those gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass. Our research investigated the effect of various bariatric procedures on the weight loss and some other metabolic values in the treatment of obesity. Methods: The data collection for quantitative research was carried out at the 3rd medical department of 1st faculty of medicine of Charles University and General Faculty Hospital in Prague, partially retrospectively and mainly prospectively. We monitored the change of weight and compensation of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the first year after operation in group of 54 patients of which 32 patients had a two-year monitoring as well. For monitoring changes of weight throughout a particular period of time after operation, the conversion on % EWL a % EBMIL was used. The data was evaluated by basic statistical methods. Results 1: In our reference group (n=54) average value of EWL was found 37,58 % in the first year after the surgery. The value of EWL for sleeve gastrectomy was 47,52 %. The value of EWL for gastric bypass was 39,82 %. The value of EWL for gastric banding was 23,28 %. Results 2: In the subset of...
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Relationship of selected indicators of nutritional status and results of oesophageal cancer treatment with chemoradiotherapy and surgery
Zemanová, Milada ; Tvrzická, Eva (advisor) ; Vaňásek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee)
The impact was assessed of clinical and nutritional factors on prognosis of 107 oesophageal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CHRT) and surgery. Individualised nutritional support, according to grade of dysphagia was carried out in all the patients. Serum leptin, soluble leptin receptors (SLR), TNF, IGF and fatty acid (FA) profiles in plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) were studied as well. Addition of paclitaxel to carboplatin and continual fluorouracil significantly increased toxicity without influencing efficacy of the treatment. Post-operative node negativity, grade of dysphagia, weight loss and serum albumin were proved to be prognostic factors of survival and time to progression. CHRT led to decrease of SLR, palmitoleic and oleic acid and increase of n-3 polyunsaturated FA in PC. Lower concentrations of SLR were associated with improved survival of the patients. Key words: oesophageal cancer, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, weight loss, paclitaxel, albumin, soluble leptin receptor, fatty acids
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