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Legal aspects of weapons of mass destruction
Stoklasová, Barbora ; Ondřej, Jan (advisor) ; Lipovský, Milan (referee)
LEGAL ASPECTS OF WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION, ABSTRAKT V ANGLICKÉM JAZYCE The aim of this rigorosum thesis is to create an overview of weapons of mass destruction (including their development and history, combat deployment and their subsequent effect on the international community), to evaluate their status and combat deployment on the basis of custom or international agreements and to further critically evaluate the newest regulation of weapons of mass destruction (i.e. development from the latter half of the 20thcentury), its effectiveness as well as possibilities of further development. In general terms, this thesis deals with international law, only briefly touching legislation on the national level. The first chapter consists of a brief introduction. The second chapter includes a list of basic terminology, e.g. definitions for weapons of mass destruction, biological, chemical and nuclear weapons, international law, law of war, law of customs, international agreements, forbidden means of combat and prohibited ways of conducting armed conflicts. The third chapter deals with the development of chemical weapons from their early history all the way to current regulation. The fourth chapter contains information on chemical weapons beginning with their first development and their original ("absent")...
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Decision-Making Process according to Graham T. Allison: The U.S. Administration and the Invasion of Iraq (2003)
Zrůst, Tomáš ; Ditrych, Ondřej (advisor) ; Parízek, Michal (referee)
Thesis "Decision-making process according to Graham T. Allison: American government and Iraq invasion" focuses on application of Allison's three basic conceptual models, that were introduced and broadly defined in book Essence of decision: explaining the Cuban missile crisis in 1971, on decision-making process of American administration formed by George W. Bush, which led to invasion of Iraq in 2003. Models of the rational actor, organizational process and governmental politics represented huge breakthrough in Foreign Policy Analysis and studying of decision-making processes and even after many decades they remain highly valued. Main target of this study will be testing their empirical value by using edited interpretation and through different perspectives describe and outline nature of chosen decision-making process. Thesis emphasizes differences in perception of main actor and ways, how these views influence interpretation of character of picked case and final action. Consequently, analysis is offering clear summary of causes and procedures that led to realization of invasion, presenting reasons, why is this particular decision-making process considered as defect, and also offering closer view into functioning of the first government of President George W. Bush. Keywords Decision-making process,...
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Crisis of U.S. Intelligence? George W. Bush and the decision to invade Iraq
Ondrejka, Miroslav ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Anděl, Petr (referee)
The intelligence failure regarding the estimates of the Iraqi regime is often cited as the main reason for President George W. Bush to change the dictatorship of Saddam Hussein. Between 2002 and 2003, the highest figures o George W. Bush's administration often used arguments of the intelligence community to justify their decision to overthrow Saddam's regime by force. Their arguments were based primarily on the information on Hussein's contacts with al-Qaeda and his continuing ability to produce weapons of mass destruction. After the war, these estimates were proven wrong and the intelligence community was marked as the force that triggered the invasion. In my master's thesis called Crisis of U.S. Intelligence? George W. Bush and the decision to invade Iraq, I put forward arguments contradicting this widespread idea. The goal of the thesis is to cast light on the fundaments of the intelligence failure regarding Hussein's alleged contacts with al- Qaeda and his capability to stockpile and produce weapons of mass destruction. I reveal the ideological and strategic reasons behind the Bush's decision to invade Iraq and the fact that the intelligence findings played only secondary role. The true reason of the intelligence failure wasn't only flawed manipulation with human intelligence (HUMINT) and...
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Prohibited means and manners of conducting armed conflicts
Stoklasová, Barbora ; Ondřej, Jan (advisor) ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (referee)
The goal of this diploma thesis is to present an overview of the most used chemical and biological weapons, as well as to explain their development, the links between them and their existence through the viewpoint of then contemporary sources, written or otherwise, as well as the current state of law in term of its effectivity and actual practice. The primary focus of this thesis is international law. National law is touched upon only sporadically. The first section of the thesis deals with the definition of used nomenclature, specifically the terms weapons of mass destruction, chemical and biological weapons, international law, law of armed conflicts, customary law, international treaties, forbidden means and methods of warfare. A look at the earliest history of chemical and biological weapons follows, including a brief assessment of the lack of legal regulation. The purpose of this chapter is to outline the very beginnings of this subject matter and to serve as a basis for the following chapters. The diploma thesis continues with a treatise on the birth of modern chemical and biological weapons, caused primarily by the chemo-biological revolution of the late 19th , early 20th century, while also listing the most important attempts to codify this area (e.g. the Lieber code, the Brussels Declaration, the...
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Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction in securitizing discourse of the USA and Russia : role in the process of security policy formation of nuclear-armed states
Klůz, Tomáš ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction in securitizing discourse of the USA and Russia: Role in the process of security policy formation of nuclear-armed states Abstract This master thesis deals with a political usage of securitization of weapons of mass destruction by presidents of the two most important nuclear powers - USA and Russian Federation. For this purpose, discursive analysis of speeches of both presidents during their first terms is performed, with a goal to identify and interpret the securitizational discourse. Result is the analysis of most common type of usage of WMD securitization for legitimization of foreign-political steps and goals of these states, and their comparison. Results of the analysis shows that in the case of the US, WMD securitization was being used mainly for legitimization of politics of active formation of international situation so it would fit the US interests. In the case of Russia on the other hand, analysed discourse was being used mainly for preservation of international status quo in as stable form as possible, due to priority of domestic situation. In both cases however, predominantly economical motivations for the use of analysed discourse can be argued.
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Invasion of Iraq - Just War?
Raiser, Jaroslav ; Kučera, Rudolf (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
The bachelor thesis "Invasion of Iraq - just war?" explores the just war theory, mainly jus ad bellum criteria which are applied on the case of invasion of Iraq, a war which took place in 2003, in the second part of the thesis. It examines a development of the theory through the history and the main thinkers of the theory from ancient times to the present day. Subsequently, the text explores the theoretical framework of jus ad bellum in detail. Its criteria are: just cause, competent authority, right intention, reasonable hope of success, proportionality and war as a last resort. The main aim of the thesis is to analyse justifiability of the invasion of 2003, but in order to understand the context of the invasion the history of Iraq since 1979 with special regard to the Iraqi weapon program and to the reaction of the international community to this program is examined first. Afterwards, the jus ad bellum criteria are applied to the invasion. While these criteria being examined, the public statements of the political leaders of the United States, and information and facts which were available to those leaders or to the intelligence agencies of the coalition states at that time, are taken into consideration.
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Comparing the US and European Union Security Policies Related to the Threat of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation
Kocková, Tereza ; Jireš, Jan (advisor) ; Slačálek, Ondřej (referee)
The purpose of this assignment is to compare and contrast the non-proliferation policies of the European Union and the United States after 9/11, based on key documents. To begin the focus will be on weapons of mass destruction (WMD); definition, types, key agreements and the organisations fighting against the proliferation. The research will continue by addressing the non-proliferation policy of the EU and the USA on key documents and case studies and how their approach to the iranian nuclear programme has been affected by them. Finally to conclude there will be an analysis of the differences between the policies.
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History and Present Status of the Chemical Weapons
Virglerová, Kateřina ; Doležel, Ludvík (referee) ; Mika, Otakar Jiří (advisor)
In the first part, this bachelor thesis deals with the history of chemical weapons from the high antiquity to present. In the next part, the thesis concentrates on the international Convention on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (1993) with a special focus on the current status of its implementation in the area of the destruction of chemical weapons and chemical warfare agents. The final part of the thesis is aimed at the current national regulations on the prohibition of chemical weapons and at the implementation of these measures in the conditions of the Czech Republic. The control activity of the State Office for Nuclear Safety is evaluated primarily and its possible improvement is suggested.
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Na ceste k vytvoreniu zóny bez zbraní hromadného ničenia na Blízkom východe: Prípad iránskeho nukleárneho programu
Gmucová, Natália ; Eichler, Jan (advisor) ; Dubský, Zbyněk (referee)
This Bachelor thesis is aimed to provide a theoretical framework for the establishment of the weapons of mass destruction free-zone in the Middle East, while focusing on three aspects. The first one is to identify all the components that the potential WMD Free-zone will consist of, the second one is an analysis of core obstacles, which lay in the way of thereof and which must be overcome. The third one is to evaluate progress that has been recently accomplished within the region by both international and regional actors. On top of that, one of the chapters is dedicated to the Iranian nuclear program, which is considered to be one of the obstacles. Moreover, the Iranian case serves to better understand the state's nuclear ambitions, to get an insight of how the state has developed its nuclear program and to assess an ultimate purpose of the program.
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The preparedness of primary schools in České Budějovice in the area of protection of the population
SLOMKOVÁ PEKLOVÁ, Drahomíra
More and more frequent vagaries of the weather, repeated natural disasters, increasing environmental pollution, industry expansion, overpopulation of the planet, religious disturbances, terrorist attacks, wars ? all this and much more matters to the whole human society. The terms such as ?emergency event? and ?crisis situation? are used hand in hand with this in the mass media on a daily basis. In particular, public protection was shaped by the World Wars and the so-called Cold War in the 20th century. Terrorism, uses of nuclear core and religious come into play in the 21st century. Advanced societies, like the Czech Republic, have responded to such a development by adopting a number of measures, creating lots of legal documents, establishing an integrated rescue system designed for managing emergency events. Professionalism of the integrated rescue system keeps improving. But what about an individual who the mentioned events also matter to? What information do the children have nowadays, would they be able to react correctly in emergencies, would they be able to give first aid in a right way? As for teaching public protection, how have the schools adopted themselves to the new era? History and the present of the development of the public protection are described in the theoretical part of the presented thesis. he public protection is viewed within the context of the present days and society i.a. in relation to the multinational organizations and European Community. The description of the school system of teaching public protection is the main linchpin of the theoretical part of the thesis. Guidance Notes by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (the ?MŠMT?) ref. No. 12 050/03-22 to include the topic of protection of man in emergencies into the educational programmes and Guidance Notes by the MŠMT ref. No. 13 586/03-22 Protection of Man in Emergencies ? Amendment to the Teaching Materials for Primary Schools, Secondary Schools, Special Schools and Colleges of 4 March 2003 are the main regulations in this area. Following these documents, the level of cooperation between schools and the integrated rescue system in relation to the comprehensive teaching in the area of public protection in theory is described in the thesis. A hypothesis has been defined for the diploma thesis: Preparedness of primary school pupils in České Budějovice in the area of public protection is only basic. In order to confirm or disapprove this hypothesis, 14 primary schools in České Budějovice founded by the Statutory Town of České Budějovice were addressed in the research part of the thesis. After finding out what the situation at the individual schools is, a selective statistical set of 150 pupils was selected from the set of 28 years 9 of the above-mentioned primary schools and 681 pupils using a stratified sampling method. They were presented with a standard test originating from the test for year 9 outlined in accordance with the guidance notes by the MŠMT and the document ?Documents for Teaching the Issues of Protection of Man in Common Risk Areas and Emergencies at Primary Schools?. Basic methods of descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the test. The hypothesis was not confirmed, which is accounted for in detail in the final part of the thesis. The evaluation of the test results shows significantly better than just pupils? basic knowledge in the area of public protection. Zero hypothesis has been accepted on the basis of the experimental test and the empirical classification was replaced by the theoretical common classification i.e. Gauss curve. The intention of the use in practice has been to offer the thesis results to the primary schools for self-reflection, comparison and expansion or enrichment of the teaching plans. The participating schools were interested in being provided with the individual results already while processing the tests and in this respect they were satisfied.
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