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NURSING CARE OF PATIENTS WITH HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES IN THE INTESIVE CARE UNIT
Dolinská, Michaela ; Hošťálková, Monika (advisor) ; Kukol, Václav (referee)
NURSING CARE OF PATIENTS WITH HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT Michaela Dolinská, DiS. ABSTRACT Overall survival and quality of life of the patients with malignant diseases, especially with hematological malignancies, have improved significantly in the last years. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment, including the hematopoietic stem cell (bone marrow) transplantation modality, have led to the increase survival rate of such patients. Simultaneously, these opportunities generate increasing number of individuals requiring the intensive care due to various complications of malignant disease and/or its treatment. This bachelor thesis is designed as theoretical-empirical study. The theoretical part provides the review and analysis of current literature and discusses particular specifics of nursing care of patients with hematological malignancies in the intensive care setting. Pancytopenia- associated immunosuppression and infection risk, the need of barrier-approach principles of nursing care will be described. Next, bleeding conditions and restricted transfusion politics, telling unfavorable information to the patients and their families and last but not least the palliative care principles are reviewed too. The empirical part of the thesis is processed as the qualitative research in...
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Problems of Administration of Blood Transfusions
Hájková, Lenka ; Pavlíková, Pavla (advisor) ; Brixiová, Simona (referee)
v AJ Topics of my study, its evaluation and final report for my bachelor's degree cover special topics and problems of blood transfusion administration. The literaty outfit of this study is dividend into a theoretical and a practical part. Theoretical chapters deal directly with basic problems of the subject and with principles of administration of blood transfusions in hospitalized patients. Description of anatomy and physiology of blood and its components, medical terminology of blood transfusions, their history, composition of blood products, guidelines for transfusion administration, adverse effects and complications form the introduction of the entire issue. Following practical part and chapters cover the background, aim and hypotheses considering the research - its methods and results. Data from MCQ - multiple choice questionnaires are presented in tables and graphs and discussed. Several interviews and experts' opinions and commentaries are added. Main data on administration of transfusions cover knowledge, practical realization of guidelines and standards in transfusion medicine in healt care providers, especially nurses, their clinical sense for patients' status and signs, cooperation with physicians, their immediate steps when confronted with transfusion adverse events and complications,...
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The analysis of autotransfusions carried out in the FN Motol
Šámalová, Martina ; Linhartová, Eva (advisor) ; Závadová, Žaneta (referee)
The theoretical part of the bachelor's thesis includes information connected with the autologous taking, the production of the autologous transfusion preparations and the protection of quality of the autotransfusion, also basic information about blood groups, which are the integral part of the transfusion medicine. The practical part is divided into three main parts. The first part deals in more detail with the issue of blood taking for autotransfusion and with the examination connected to autologous blood. The second part contains the statistical figures about the autotransfusions carried out in the Blood Bank Department of FN Motol. It examines the quantity of taken and expired transfusion preparations of patients indicated for the autologous blood taking from the orthopaedics department in total knee and hip joint endoprosthesis and from the urology department of pacients before prostate operations and transformation of gender from male to female. The third part consists of the quality control and the protection of quality of the autologous transfusion preparations. The practical part is based on statistical materials provided by the Blood Bank Department of FN Motol of the year 2011.
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Alloimmunization in transfusion medicine
Machálková, Jana ; Petrtýlová, Květoslava (advisor) ; Kracíková, Jitka (referee)
In theoretic parts of the thesis are common problems of the immunology described with reference to its usage in blood - transfusion medicine. In more detail described meaning of blood groups and clinical meaning of antibodies against erythrocytes with reference to safe blood - transfusion and rise haemolytic disease of newborn. Thesis provide an overwiev of clinically most considerable antibodies. Further are immunohaematology investigative methods decribed used for diagnostic of alloimunization inclusive groovy used diagnostics in applying the provision basic pre-transfusion investigation. In practical parts of the thesis investigation survey is presented focused on inmates with positive screening irregular antibodies, near which were ascertained specific antibodies in several systems blood groups and further row casuistries with recommendation for safe compatible blood - transfusion. One casuistry describes the delayed haemolytic transfuzion reaction. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Pretransfusion measures - compatibility testing before transfusion of red cell product in Blood establishment and blood bank of Nemocnice České Budějovice, a. s.
TESAŘOVÁ, Lucie
Blood is a body fluid which,despite all the scientific progress,still cannot be replaced by any other artificial product.The first records of transfusion were found in the ancient Egyptian,Assyrian,Jewish and Roman societies.The first historically recorded attempt at blood transfusion was described by a historian and lawyer Stephano Infessura 1492.The first known blood transfusion in the Czech Republic was performed in 1879 by Prague physician Anthony Erpek.Pretransfusion testing is a set of immunohematology examination performed prior to blood transfusion to the patient,which aims to ensure effective substitution for the patient,during which the transfused RBCs will survive long enough in recipient?s bloodstream and will not be destroyed.The basic principle of the whole pre-transfusion testing is laboratory confirmation that the recipient?s blood is compatible with the donor?s blood.The complex of pretransfusion testing before administration of RBCs includes methods of mandatory testing of the recipient?s blood group,antibody screening,possibly identification of special antibodies,and the cross match test itself.All these tests are performed using the agglutination method.Compatibility test is a reaction between donor?s and recipient?s serum,which is used for confirmation that the recipient?s blood is compatible with the donor?s blood.It can be examined either serologically(on a slide,in a tube,by gel column agglutination,by methods of solid phase)or electronically(type and screen strategy,electronic test of compatibility).Validity of the compatibility test is 72hours,counting from the moment of sampling of recipient?s blood.My thesis deals with the examination of the actual test of the compatibility of the transfusion product,literary comparison of various methods and comparison of the manual performance of the column gel agglutination method(LISS/NAT)and performance with the use of the Techno TwinStation machine.My work also includes comparison of an operational perspective and an economic perspective.The practical part of this work was carried out in Blood bank of Hospital Budweis.With the use of literary comparison of methods of compatibility test,I conclude that the most sensitive method used to investigate the compatibility test is the indirect anti-globulin test(NAT)performed using column gel agglutination or solid phase methods.My recommendation corresponds to the findings of Společnost pro transfuzní lékařství.The thesis confirms that the cross match testing via using the gel column agglutination method(LISS/NAT)was the best choice made by the Blood bank.Benefits of the gel column agglutination compared to the tube methods are the speed,smaller consumption of reagents and blood samples,the possibility of standardization,automation and documentation.Finally,the method has higher sensitivity,which increases the safety of blood transfusion for the patient.Examination of compatibility testing using the gel column agglutination method(LISS/NAT)was done in 52 patients manually and using the Techno TwinStation(a total of 118 tests).Examination results were identical regardless the chosen method.There was also no significant difference concerning the operational and economic costs of the two methods(manual was about 24CZK,automated was about 26CZK).In manual performance human errors cannot be eliminated, whereas in automation these errors are eliminated.Another advantage of automation is the traceability of all the elements involved in the analytical process,which are archived and will remain accessible after the test.The advantage of the manual compatibility tests is shorter total examination time(about 30-35min compared to about 45-60min when using automated method;depending on the number of samples).The disadvantage of automated method of compatibility testing using the Techno TwinStation machine is the impossibility to add more samples during pipetting.
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Nursing Care of Patients for Transfusion Application
OUŘEDNÍKOVÁ, Markéta
This thesis deals with nursing care for patients during blood transfusion administration. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part blood, blood transfusion and nursing care for patients during blood transfusion administration are described. In the practical part quantitative research was used and the data collection technique was an anonymous questionnaire designed for nurses working in different departments. The research survey was conducted in Strakonice Hospital, plc, and Písek Hospital, plc, where a total of 130 questionnaires were distributed, 119 questionnaires were returned. The research sample contained 113 properly completed questionnaires, which was defined as 100%. The objective of this thesis was to identify the knowledge and skills of nurses in the care for patients during blood transfusion administration. The other objective was to find out what new knowledge would the nurses apply in the care for patients during blood transfusion administration. To meet these objectives, three following hypotheses were set. Hypothesis 1: Nurses know the principles of nursing care for patients during blood transfusion administration ? it has been confirmed. Hypothesis 2: Nurses actively monitor the patients´ needs during blood transfusion administration, this hypothesis has also been confirmed. Hypothesis 3: Nurses try to apply new knowledge in the care for patients during blood transfusion administration - it has not been confirmed. As an outcome of his study an informational brochure with the basics of nursing care for patients during blood transfusion administration was created, enriched with the information about the needs of patients during blood transfusion administration. The information brochure will be used by nurses who want to enhance or supplement their knowledge in the nursing care for patients during blood transfusion administration. The information brochure will be offered to Strakonice Hospital, plc, and Písek Hospital, plc, when the survey was carried out.
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The aplication of transfusion in a nursing proces
VĚTROVCOVÁ, Hana
Blood transfusion treatment can safe life of many patients and yet it may cause justified anxiety. A qualified and educated nurse taking care within the treatment not only for biological needs but also the psycho-social ones may by means of the right manner of communication moderate this anxiety. When applying blood transfusion it is necessary to adhere to standard procedure, to presume possible complications, to prevent them and thus protect the client. In case the undesirable reaction occurs, it is necessary to commence timely the right treatment, to clarify the cause of the occurrence of the reaction and prevent its re-occurrence. Maintaining maximum safety the rightly indicated transfusion is the most effective treatment for the patient. One of the goals of the paper was to determine particulars of transfusion application in adults and in children in practice and to show possible risk factors that might complicate transfusion therapy. The other goal aimed at determining the recent years changes in the process of transfusion application. The third goal aimed at describing competences of nurses applying transfusion in practice. The quantitative data collection method by means of anonymous questionnaires was applied for the research. The questionnaires were distributed to nurses in South Bohemian hospitals, Nemocnice (hospital) České Budějovice a.s., Nemocnice (hospital) Písek a.s., Nemocnice Prachatice a.s. The nurses' responses were analyzed and compared with standards of the corresponding hospitals. Based on the research results it can be stated that H1: Application of transfusion in children and adults has its particulars. H2: In recent years no changes in transfusion application have been confirmed. H3: The nurses' competences in applying transfusion are sufficient. In connection with the research particular processes in application of transfusion were determined in children and adults, such as the procedure of the biological test, the amount of transfusion preparation and psychological preparation. At the same time some weak points in the nurses have been discovered. The paper may be used for the nurses as a comprehensive information material on transfusion therapy. Based on the results suggestions for nurses in hospitals have been formulated concerning seminars and lectures to deepen knowledge of nurses in order to increase quality of nursing care and thus protection of the client.
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