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Taxonomic principles, reproductive systems, population genetics and relationships within selected groups of genus Taraxacum (Asteraceae)
Zeisek, Vojtěch ; Kirschner, Jan (advisor) ; Richards, John (referee) ; Majeský, Ľuboš (referee)
Chapter 3 Summary - shrnutí English and Czech summaries (abstracts) of the thesis. 3.1 English abstract Genus Taraxacum (Asteraceae), having ∼60 sections and 2,800 species, is known for its complicated evolutionary relationships and taxonomy due to processes like frequent hy- bridization, polyploidization, asexual reproduction, clonality and low structural morpho- logical variability. Various taxonomical concepts and approaches are reviewed, evaluated and discussed from point of view of their ability to deal with such a complicated genera as is Taraxacum. Various processes responsible for the complicated situation within Taraxacum are discussed and reviewed. Section Dioszegia, comprising T. serotinum and its allies, are an exception because only sexuals are reported for all the members of this group. On the basis of the analysis of mi- crosatellite (SSRs) variation, distribution and morphology, we addressed problems related to their mode of reproduction, among-population relationships, taxonomy and within- population variation. As a rule, outcrossing was the dominant mode of reproduction, with one notable exception: T. serotinum subsp. tomentosum (≡ T. pyrrhopappum) was autogamous and not heterozygous. A taxonomic revision of sect. Dioszegia recognizes T. serotinum subsp. serotinum (including an aberrant...
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Castorids (Castoridae, Mammalia) from the Early Miocene (MN 3) locality Ahníkov
Šmejkal, Roman ; Čermák, Stanislav (advisor) ; Mazuch, Martin (referee)
Beavers are members of Castoridae - the family of large rodents characterized by a robust skull of sciuromorphic type, a sciurognathous mandible, dentition with a tendency to hypsodoncy and incisives by uniserial microstructure. The aim of the thesis is a detailed morphometric analysis of the fossil material of beavers coming from the early Miocene (MN 3a) locality Ahníkov I, II in the Czech Republic. In the numerous material comprising 388 fragmentary specimens, all belonging to the genus Steneofiber, two distinct species were distinguished, attributed here as - Steneofiber eseri (the larger form) and Steneofiber aff. dehmi (the smaller form). Their taxonomy, systematics and assumed position within existing phylogenetic models were discussed. Key words: Castoridae, Steneofiber, Czech republic, Ahníkov, MN 3, early Miocene
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Morphology and evolution of selected groups of Palaeodictyopterida (Insecta: Palaeoptera)
Pecharová, Martina ; Prokop, Jakub (advisor) ; Hodunko, Roman (referee) ; Sroka, Pavel (referee)
Palaeodictyopterida is remarkable insect superorder, which formed a significant part of the diversity of upper Palaeozoic insects, but disappeared by the end of the Permian. The main synapomorphy of the superorder is the piercing-sucking mouthparts in the form of a rostrum consisting of five styles. This rostrum was probably used to pierce on plant tissue and for the juice sucking. The same type of mouthparts shared by adults was present also in larvae of Palaeodictyopterida. The external copulatory organs of the superorder members was also showed some morphological interests. The male genitalia consist of a pair of gonostyli and two penial lobes, similarly to the genitalia of recent Ephemeroptera. The female genitalia of Palaeodictyopterida are developed in a form of the ovipositor that can be compared with the endophytic ovipositor of some recent Odonata. This morphological features support placement of Palaeodictyopterida as sister group of Odonatoptera + Panephemeroptera. The main aim of the work was to describe new representatives of the order Megasecoptera, the second largest group of Palaeodictyopterida. Wing venation of Megasecoptera exhibits a reduction of the longitudinal and transverse veins in comparison with the order Palaeodictyoptera. Other body structures were examined mainly in the...
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Overview of the family Deinotheriidae C.L. Bonaparte, 1841 [Mammalia, Proboscidea] with direction to fossil discoveries in Czech Republic.
Šmejkal, Roman ; Mazuch, Martin (advisor) ; Wagner, Jan (referee)
This work presents the family Deinotheriidae including the subfamily Chilgatherinae. Morphological differences of teeth point to anatomical differences between the genders Chilgatherium, Prodeinotherium and Deinotherium. Further, the anatomical differences of skull and postcranial skeleton of the Deinotherinae subfamily are described. The Extension of the family Deinotherium is tied to the migration routes from Africa to Asia and Europe. The Occurrence in the Czech Republic is confirmed by 2 important discovery sites. The first one is located in Horní Ves near Franzensbad where the skeleton of the species Prodeinotherium bavaricum was discovered. The second one is located near Česká Třebová and represented by the fragments of the lower jaw of the species Prodeinotherium cuvieri. The discussion focuses on the use of the lower tusks and the method of food intake.
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Review of the phylogenetic hypotheses of Cobitoidea
Dvořák, Tomáš ; Ráb, Petr (advisor) ; Musilová, Zuzana (referee)
Phylogenetics is a field of systematic biology which aims to uncover the evolutionary relations betweenll species on the principle of finding their common ancestor. Phylogeny can be applied on many diferent markers, but among the most common are genetic and morphological ones. The results of the phylogenetic analyses can be applied in many other fields of research. We can use them e.g. in answering questions concerning geological events (when using fishes as model, most often in some river flow changes). Cobitoidea is a superfamily of fishes, which belongs to cypriniformes - the biggest group of primary freshwater fishes. Cobitoidea contain 10 families - Gyrinocheilidae, Cobitidae, Balitoridae, Botiidae, Vaillantellidae, Ellopostomatidae, Barbuccidae, Serpenticobitidae, Nemacheilidae, Gastromyzontidae, and the Catostomidae might be considered as belonging into Cobitoidea as 11th family. The distribution area of Cobitoidea covers almoust whole Europe and Asia and that of Catostomidae also North America. There is no major river system in whole Eurasia that would not be inhabited by loaches. Every major river basin contains one to tens of loach species, therefore loaches can be considered one of the most characteristic element of the Eurasian freshwater fauna. In Cobitoidea, we can also find many...
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Fylogeneze vybraných druhů letounů Afriky na základě cytogenetického a molekulárního přístupu
Koubínová, Darina ; Zima, Jan (advisor) ; Macholán, Miloš (referee) ; Martínková, Natália (referee)
Phylogenetic relationships of a sample comprising 248 bats belonging to 19 species and four families (Hipposideridae, Rhinolophidae, Molossidae and Vespertilionidae) from Senegal (Western Africa) were investigated with the use of multi-locus sequence data and non- differentially stained chromosomes. The karyotypes of Hipposideros ruber, H. tephrus, H. jonesi and H. cyclops were described for the first time. The standard Hipposideros formula was recorded in H. tephrus, H. jonesi and H. ruber (2n = 32, FNa = 60, FN = 64). The karyotypes of H. cyclops (2n = 36, FN = 66) and H. gigas (2n = 52, FN = 64) substantially diverged from this typical chromosomal complement. Rhinolophus landeri and R. fumigatus shared the same diploid number (2n = 58), but differed in the chromosome morphology (R. fumigatus - FNa = 60, FN = 64; R. landeri - FNa = 64, FN = 68). Rhinolophus landeri was found karyotypically distinct to other African populations, thus signalling a possible presence of cryptic forms within this species. The karyotypes of Chaerephon pumilus and Mops condylurus had a 2n = 48, FN = 54 and were similar to other previously studied species of this chromosomally conservative family. Chromosomal, Bayesian, maximum likelihood and genetic distance analyses revealed an indication for the existence of cryptic...
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Lower Cretaceous belemnites and their occurrence in Czech Republic
Vaňková, Lucie ; Košťák, Martin (advisor) ; Marek, Jaroslav (referee)
The thesis deals with an complex overview of the Lower Cretaceous belemnites, and their occurrence in the Czech Republic, especially in Štramberk locality. First part provides a brief introduction to the Lower Cretaceous and to belemnite morfology with emphasis on internal skeleton especially of rostrum. Next chapter includes short review of morfometric analysis, which is the most important feature for taxonomy. The following part presents systematics and taxonomy of the Lower Cretaceous belemnite, and their paleoecological use as an indicators for paleotemperatures. There are also mentioned geographical occurrences and migrations of certain belemnite taxa and their stratigraphical evidence in the Lower Cretaceous sediments. The last part deals with the locality Štramberk, which is unique in the Czech Republic because of its stratigraphical evidence of the Lower Cretaceous belemnite fauna. Key words: Belemnites, Lower Cretaceous, systematice, palaeobiogeography, palaeoecology, Štramberk
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Clavarioid fungi: overview of their systematics and data on diversity in the Czech Republic
Matouš, Jan ; Holec, Jan (advisor) ; Tomšovský, Michal (referee)
In the first part of my bachelor thesis Clavariaceae family is characterized in historical, morphological and ecological perspective and three main genera Clavaria, Clavulinopsis and Ramariopsis with clavarioid and ramarioid morphology of fruit body are described. The second part surveys the development of their systematics and discusses the most important genera, which in certain phases of the system progress emerged in the Clavariaceae family. It also put emphasis on the characters that led the autors to their conclusions and on the development of the generic concept of the three mentioned clavarioid genera. The third part summarizes older and recent knowledge on the diversity of the three mentioned genera in the Czech Republic on the basis of the literature data. Species that have been found in the Czech Republic are listed and are briefly characterized from an ecological perspective. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Individuals Defensive Game Activities Analysis at Czech Players at the IIHF World Hockey Championship 2016
MAREŠ, Tomáš
The aim of this thesis is to analyse the defensive playing activities of a Czech ice-hockey reprezentation's members during the World Ice-Hockey Cup 2016. The research was made on the group of 20 Czech participants of the Wolrd Cup 2016. It was mostly about the players in the playing area. We didn't include the goalkeeper because he never participates these activities. The average age of the group is 26,7 years, height 182,3 cm and weight 84,1 kgs. The theoretical part describes characteristics of ice-hockey, its history, systematics and rules. The analysis focuses on eight matches, seven in basic group and one in play-off. After that we compared all collected data. Based on the results of this thesis, we can see the difference among all defensive activities. Taking puck is the most common aktivity, which occurs almost continuously 54x average per match. Activity that was problematic during the tournament, namely occupying a player without the puck. Our ice-hockey players got into negative numbers, concretely -1.
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