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An analysis of the influence of geometric variability of total hip endoprosthesis shank on stress-strain states in the hip joint
Zýbal, Jan ; Chamrad, Jakub (referee) ; Marcián, Petr (advisor)
This master's thesis deals with stress-strain analysis of hip joint after total hip replacement. These stress-strain states are compared between four variable stems. A research study of available literature is presented with the focus on finite element analysis of hip joints. Basics of hip's joint anatomy is described along with total endoprostheses' variants and properties. Computational modeling was chosen as a solution method using finite element analysis. The solution was executed using ANSYS software. For each stem there was created a computational model which consists of several submodels such as model of geometry, material, contacts and loading. The assesed variables were total hip displacement, contact pressure between the head and liner, stress on each stem and strain on femur. The evaluation of femur's bone tissue was accomplished on basis of Frost's mechanostat in seven Gruen zones.
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High Temperature Deformation Mechanisms
Heczko, Milan ; Gröger,, Roman (referee) ; Spätig, Philipp (referee) ; Kruml, Tomáš (advisor)
Dvě pokročilé vysoce legované austenitické oceli s Fe-Ni-Cr matricí byly studovány za podmínek nízkocyklové únavy jak za pokojové tak vysoké teploty. Široká škála experimentálních a charakterizačních nástrojů byla použita ke studiu vzájemně souvisejících aspektů zahrnujících chemické složení slitin, mikrostrukturu, deformační mechanismy a celkovou odezvu materiálů na externě působící zatížení. Klíčové mechanismy a faktory definující mechanické vlastnosti a výkonnost v reálném provozu byly analyzovány a diskutovány v souvislosti s materiálovým designem. • Standardní únavové experimenty byly provedeny za pokojové teploty a teploty 700°C. Byly získány křivky cyklického zpevnění/změkčení, cyklické deformační křivky, Coffin-Manson a Wöhlerovy křivky. • Ke studiu změn mikrostrukturního stavu slitin v důsledku cyklického zatěžování za pokojové a zvýšené teploty byla použita široká škála technik charakterizace pomocí elektronové mikroskopie. • Únavové chování, pevnost a cyklická plastická odezva studovaných materiálů byla vysvětlena v souvislosti s mikrostrukturními změnami a mikrostrukturními aspekty deformačních mechanismů jak za pokojové tak za zvýšených teplot. • Bylo zjištěno, že Sanicro 25 vykazuje nejvyšší pevnostní charakteristiky ze všech materiálů stejné třídy. Výjimečné vlastnosti této slitiny jsou spojeny s populacemi dvou typů nanočástic, koherentními precipitáty bohatými na měď a nanočásticemi typu MX s charakteristikou disperzoidu. Tyto nanočástice mají klíčový vliv na pevnost a celkovou cyklickou odezvu. V důsledku interakcí s precipitáty způsobujících zachytávání je pohyb dislokací v Sanicro 25 významně zpomalen, což vede k potlačení normálních procesů zotavení obvykle vedoucích ke změně uspořádání dislokační struktury tak, aby byla celková vnitřní energie systému co nejnižší. Takové uspořádání je tvořeno například dislokačními buňkami. Jelikož jsou procesy zotavení potlačeny, dislokační struktura za vysokých teplot je charakteristická homogenní distribucí dislokací o vysoké hustotě s velkou mírou vzájemných interakcí. V kombinaci s dalšími mechanismy zpevnění jako jsou precipitáty a substituční prvky v tuhém roztoku, tyto deformační mechanismy vedou k významnému zvýšení cyklické pevnosti za vysokých teplot.
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Using IoT in high school
Hanel, Filip ; Vaňková, Petra (advisor) ; Novák, Jaroslav (referee)
The thesis deals with the technological trend that the Internet of Things has recently become in the context of teaching at secondary school. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the basic technological and technical aspects of the Internet of Things, its definition, history and growing popularity. It also discusses the connection between this trend and education in three ways. Firstly with the idea of smart school, then the design of the teaching subject and its curriculum, hardware and software, and finally the use of IoT as a tool for teaching non-IT subjects. Attention is also given to different teaching methods and forms of learning such as STEM, DIY, design thinking, project-based and problem-based learning. The practical part is devoted to qualitative research and the introduction of some selected teaching activities. The research explores the perceptions of this trend in the selected secondary schools, including recommendations for teaching. From the findings of the investigation, it is evident that teaching dealing with this trend is already taking place or is in the pipeline in most of the schools, mainly due to the growing popularity of this trend and hence increasing demand in the job market and the complex integration of several information disciplines such as programming, database,...
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Role Models, High School Management and Female Engagement in STEM: Evidence from the Czech Republic
Grosman, Jiří ; Zápal, Jan (advisor) ; Jann, Ole (referee)
Title: Role Models, High School Management and Female Engagement in STEM: Evidence from the Czech Republic Author: Jiří Grosman, BSc Institute: CERGE-EI Supervisor: PhDr. Jan Zapal, Ph.D., CERGE-EI Abstract: The fact that the gender wage gap remains at least in part driven by women's self-selection out of profitable career choices has been an established fact in the labour economics literature. What has been given comparatively less attention by economists, however, are the motivating factors of such self-selection. In this thesis, I design an empirical strategy aimed to assess the strength of a particular driver of differential gendered choices: high school management, and the associated policy intervention. Specifically, I examine the STEM preferences of high school students using population data on Czech university applicants between the years of 2007-2021. By employing both matching and a difference- in-differences estimation framework to facilitate causal interpretation, I argue that school mentoring programmes, and the way the school is being run, can significantly affect the choices made by a non-negligible number of female students - an inference corroborated by the data and my subsequent analysis. Keywords: gender gap; STEM; high school; education 1
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Integrated teaching and cross-curricular connections in science subjects from the perspective of in-service teachers
RAJTMAJEROVÁ, Veronika
This Master's thesis deals with integrated teaching in science subjects within the STEM concept. The theoretical part is devoted to the current view of integrated teaching and intersubject relationships. The main goal of the thesis is to create an integrated teaching unit, which is thematically focused on subjects related to the Moon and connects the educational area of Human and Nature, specifically Physics, Science and Geography, and the educational area of Mathematics and its applications. Part of the thesis is the analysis of curriculum documents and the analysis of selected textbooks of science subjects with a focus on this chosen topic. The thesis also aims to obtain the perspectives of practising teachers on the issue of integrated teaching. Interviews with practicing teachers were conducted to find out their views on integrated teaching and cross-curricular relationships, their use in science subjects and their benefits and limitations.
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Topology optimization of frame
Vagner, Radim ; Pokorný, Přemysl (referee) ; Zeizinger, Lukáš (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the problem of topological optimization in the design of machine components and structures. The first part contains a condensed view of the basic methods of topological optimization. The second part contains the actual solution to the topological optimization of a frame, represented by a simpler part. It concludes with an evaluation and comparison of both the part itself and design approaches to the topological optimization problem.
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Didactical use of the STEM concept in lower secondary school lessons, with the example of teaching practice
KIŠ, Dominik
Since constantly changing conditions are typical for the modern age, it is necessary for the education system to react to it with the form of new educational methods and concepts. This diploma thesis deals with the usage of STEM concept in real lower secondary school lessons. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part focuses on the STEM concept in education, its methods, principles, and it further pays attention to teacher's and pupils' reflection and self-reflection of school lessons. The practical part contains created educational activities, in which the STEM concept in lower secondary school education is implemented. Evaluation of the activities is done through reflections of onlooking teachers and pupils from the teaching practice, and also of the author himself. Further, the practical part includes detailed view of the authors teaching skills and the way he is ready for the future role of geography teacher.
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Educational computer game, its creation and use use teaching of thematic unit Water
NOVÁK, Zbyněk
The thesis deals with the creation and use of an educational computer game in teaching the thematic unit Water in the teaching of inorganic chemistry at the second level of primary schools. The aim is to convey selected knowledge to pupils in an attractive form, or to practice this knowledge, to develop inter-subject relations, to activate pupils and to strengthen their key competences by means of didactic procedure. The game story takes place in the environment of the town of Mariánské Lázně. The player is continuously introduced to the geographical and historical attractions of this location. Due to the storyline's connection to a specific location, the educational process is in line with the principles of place-based learning. The theoretical part consists of an analysis of the literature on the topic of place-based learning and STEM subjects. The acquired knowledge represents the theoretical framework of the practical part, where a description of the created game and verification of its use in pedagogical practice is presented. The research was conducted in a questionnaire form.
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