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Social construction of inequalities in an access to higher education and admission exams
Rossová, Iveta ; Balon, Jan (advisor) ; Šanderová, Jadwiga (referee)
The thesis deals with the construction of inequalities in the access to the tertiary education with the special emphasis on entrance exams to the universities. The aim is to explore how the entrance exams as the gate to the universities are perceived by students - the actors who are the most affected by these inequalities in education, according to relevant research of these inequalities. The thesis studies how these actors perceive their position and situation within the entrance process, what situations (if any) are constructed as unequal by these actors, who is affected by such inequalities and how does he/she copes with them. The research question is seen from the perspective of interactionist constructivism and answered by applying methods of grounded theory and semi-structured in-depth interviews.
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How active seniors cope with stereotyping
Pokorná, Kateřina ; Šanderová, Jadwiga (advisor) ; Tuček, Milan (referee)
The diploma thesis "How active seniors cope with stereotyping" presents the view of active senior citizens on the issue of ageism in Czech society. Research based on analysis of semi-structured interviews shows that active seniors do not consider inequality as a major problem, mainly because of their life optimism, which helps them overcome the stereotypes. Another important strategy the respondents - active seniors - apply is building/keeping a distance between themselves and the rest of the senior population, upon which they look the same way as the rest of Czech society does. The idea that they themselves do not match the prejudices, but the other seniors do, reinforces the stereotypical view of older people and also presents the active seniors as exceptional. The veneration of an active lifestyle in old age does not seem to be a direct effect of active aging trend, as all respondents had been very active throughout their whole life. Although active seniors present themselves as open to society, they prefer to spend their free time with other (active) people of their own age. Despite the rhetoric of assertiveness they are often passive, when confronted with discrimination, and try to sidestep an anticipated unpleasant situation.
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Family change and its impact on the health of children in the Czech Republic
Štípková, Martina ; Kreidl, Martin (advisor) ; Sobotka, Tomáš (referee) ; Zeman, Kryštof (referee)
The thesis focuses on the patterns of nonmarital childbearing and its influence on the health of newborns in the Czech Republic between 1990 and 2010. Numerous and profound social changes took part in these two decades after the fall of state socialism. Socioeconomic inequalities grew, a competitive job market was introduced and social policy was reformed. Family behaviour changed, as well. A more than four-fold rise of the proportion of children born outside marriage was among the most remarkable changes in this regard. Two research questions were addressed: 1. how did unmarried motherhood and its socioeconomic background change; 2. how did these changes influence disparities in the health of newborns by family arrangement. Data from the birth register are used for answering these questions and analysed with multilevel regression models. The method was aimed at explaining variability between contexts defined by time and space. Health of newborns is measured by birth weight. Family arrangement of mothers is measured with their marital status. Unmarried mothers are further split by the presence of a partner measured with the mother's willingness to declare child's father. The results show that birth outcomes on nonmarital children improved and marital status gap in birth weight closed substantially in the...
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Football and social modernization
Hanuš, Karel ; Duffková, Jana (advisor) ; Vinopal, Jiří (referee)
(English) This work deals with transformation of football (soccer) in process of social modernization and partially to influences of football on the modernization. A goal of this work is comprehension of basic dynamics of modern football which assumes combination of theoretical and historical approach. A core of the analysis (exploiting plurality of theoretical approaches) is aimed at situation in Europe (and particularly in England) which was crucial for general development. However, non-European regions are not neglected. Af first is the work focused on characterization of premodern team ball games from which later resulted modern football. Analytical framework comprises relation of football to four modernization trends and its selected displays: rationalization of society (creation of a formal rules, institutionalization of football and development of tactic), market generalization and expansion of economic system (commercialization of football including mass mediums), professionalization of players and particularities of football in state socialist countries), transformations of social bonds, identity and increase of nation states (nationalism and clubism) and displays of selected social inequalities in football and efforts to its change (class inequalities, global inequalities and gendered...
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Clothes Make the Man: Dress as a Medium of Meanings
Märzová, Hana ; Šanderová, Jadwiga (advisor) ; Volek, Martin (referee)
In this thesis the meanings given by students to dress are examined. Then, these meanings are compared to those discussed in sociological literature dealing with dress and fashion. Dress is not only a protection of body against unpleasant weather but also a medium for meanings related to the wearer of the dress. Through a dress it is possible to express social status, social role, hobbies, opinions, membership in various groups and also lifestyle. Clothing and fashion are strongly associated with young people because the fashion is made for them and they contribute to its creation. For adolescents dress is a matter of particular importance because it enables them not only to express, but also to build their identity and thus reach adulthood. Dress has also an important role in our relations to other people. The analysis of interviews with students resulted in the finding that meanings given to dress by students are similar to those discussed in sociological literature. For interviewed students it is important to have a freedom to wear, what they want, because it enables them to be themselves. The findings from interviews rather contradict Simmel's assumption because a fashion is considered by interviewed students as uniform, while originality is located outside the fashion. Those students also...
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Analysis of the social assistance system in Czech Republic
Rezlerová, Marcela ; Čabanová, Bohumila (advisor) ; Orságová, Petra (referee)
The dissertation analyses the system of social assistance in the Czech Republic in the period between 1990 and today. The topic focuses on the social benefit system of help for socially weak citizens. The dissertation is anchored on the concept of inequality and poverty, theory of social segregation, the homophily principle and the principle of solidarity. The main objective is to evaluate the current social benefit system and formulate suggestions for eliminating its weaknesses and limitations. For obtaining the empiric information mainly qualitative methods were used, analysis of documents and half- structured interviews with both clients and experts of the social need system. The analysed variables are provided social benefits, their structure, amount, the importance of social work and institution of the system. Since 1990 the number of the social benefits as well as the amount paid have diminished. In the system the social work was professionalised, and that not only in case of the institutions responsible for realisation of payment of the social benefits, but also in case of non-profit organizations. Despite the fact the system is capable of and does react to the changes in society, the clients remain in its care on a long-term basis. The solution of their unfavourable social situation requires...
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The Social Stratification of particular Collectivity
Kurcová, Zuzana ; Novotná, Eliška (advisor) ; Syrovátka, Oldřich (referee)
This bachelor's work is dedicated to the dilemma of social stratification in the town of Louny according to the model of stratification. The theoretical part of this bachelor's work outlines the dilemmas such as social inequality, social stratification, models of social stratification and kriteria of social stratification. The practical part of the bachelor's work contains foremost the results and the interpretation of my research and the placement of te people of Louny into different social layers.
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