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Transcriptomic analysis of cutaneous inflammatory biomarkers in a mouse model of small fiber neuropathy
Benčová, Simona ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Smutný, Tomáš (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Simona Benčová Supervisors: Dr. Claire Demiot, Dr. Aurore Danigo Assoc. Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, Ph.D Title of diploma thesis: Transcriptomic analysis of cutaneous inflammatory biomarkers in a mouse model of small fiber neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy is an expanding public health problem conditioned by various diseases and associated with several adverse effects such as the occurrence of chronic pain or increased risk of pressure ulcers (PUs). The aim of this study is to explore, whether the inflammatory state of the skin is modified during peripheral neuropathy and in the course of the formation of a pressure ulcer. The transcriptomic analysis was performed with two different models of mice: PU model and uninjured model, to determine genes that differ in expression and in particular, those involved in inflammation. Small fiber neuropathy was induced in young mice by intraperitoneal injection of resiniferatoxin (50 µg/kg, i.p.) - transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist. PUs were induced by applying two magnetic plates on the dorsal skin. Gene expression was obtained based on RNA microarray and the results were subsequently verified by qPCR. The transcriptomic analysis of PU...
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Studium dědičnosti polyneuropatie u psů plemene leonberger
Wolfová, Anna
The main objective of this master thesis entitled The study of polyneuropathy in Leonberger dogs (LPN) was to determine the variability of ortholog of CMT2 gene in a selected population of this breed. The number of individual samples studied was 211. The entire set of DNA samples was divided to the cases (110 samples) and controls (101 samples). Partial objectives were the study of information available on the hereditary neuropathies, the selection of candidate gene polymorphisms and their association analysis with the disease. The candidate gene studied is associated with the autosomal recessive form of axonal neuropathy in humans with early onset of symptoms. Compound mutation was discovered in the gene (substitution and 1 bp deletion). The normal allele predominated in healthy individuals. In contrast, both mutant alleles always predominated in diseased individuals. Statistical comparison of genotypes depending on the health status did not show a clear correlation with disease (p = 0,1562).
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Microvascular and macrovascular complication diabetes mellitus 2. type
Šnorová, Markéta ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Hlaváčová, Lucie (referee)
In my thesis I dealt with the theme of very serious and widespread diseases of civilization posed by diabetes mellitus (diabetes), type 2. Incidence of the disease is considered a pandemic of the 21st century. I focused on macro- and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The work is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals with the description of type 2 diabetes in terms of its origin, course, diagnosis and treatment, including komplkací. In the practical part I am devoted to a survey of diabetic patients in the waiting rooms of several diabetics. Through the questionnaire, I investigated how respondents have access to their disease. Whether they know their blood glucose levels as they are treated, whether they realize the seriousness of their illness if they have already expressed complications of diabetes and how to approach the treatment, if observe regime measures. The respondents' answers, I analyzed and processed using graphs.
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The role of TLR-4 receptors for modulation of nociceptive signalling.
Slepička, Jakub ; Paleček, Jiří (advisor) ; Zímová, Lucie (referee)
The ability to feel pain is subjective, but a crucial factor allowing us to maintain life with minimal body impairment. However, if the pain crosses the physiological signalling function it becomes a life restrictive symptom that is often difficult to treat. Development of pain and its change into pathological chronic symptom and the role of different molecular and cellular mechanisms in this process are best to be studied during its development, nociception. In this work the basic characteristics of nociceptive signalling, with focus on neuropathy, a state originating from nervous system damage is given. The exact mechanisms of neuropathic pain development are not known, which is one of the reasons why these painful states are difficult to treat. Neuroinflammation was lately shown to play an important part in the neuropathy development. In this context a review of Toll-like receptors is given. These receptors have a fundamental role in the innate immunity and their role in the nervous system was documented recently. In this review a focus is given on TLR-4 subtype that was shown to be involved in a modulation of nociceptive signalling. The basic features of this receptor and information about its involvement in neuropathic pain development are given. Studying the role of TLR-4 in different models...
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Behavioral expression of pain in rats
Zámečník, Jakub ; Vaculín, Šimon (advisor) ; Boukalová, Štěpána (referee)
The aim of this work is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the behavioral expressions of pain in rat. The work is focused on rats, because they are one of the most used laboratory animals, and may experience pain in some experiments. Behavioral expressions of pain were selected, because they are quite easily recognizable and measurable. The reader will be first acquainted with the necessary basics associated with the phenomenon of pain, with its conception in animals, with classification, physiology and for example with the ways in which are in rats experimentally induced pain. Then in the second part, there are shown individual behavioral expressions with examples in which cases were these manifestations observed. So everyone who is interested can learn something about pain in connection with the avoidance reaction, pose, appearance, specific movements of rat, vocalization, changes in eating and drinking, changes in activity, anxiety, cognitive functions and many other expressions. The work can be valuable contribution for all workers with animals and with its character can contribute to animal welfare. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Case study of physiotherapy treatment of the patient with Forearm Fracture complicated by Peripheral Paresis n. Radialis
Múčková, Nikola ; Jalovcová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Karlová, Ivana (referee)
Work title: Case study of physiotherapy treatment of the patient with forearm fracture complicated by peripheral paresis n. radialis Summary of the work: The aim of my bachelor paper is to become familiar with the basic anamnestic data about the neuromuscular system, to identify diseases and disorders of peripheral nerves, specifically focused on the radial nerve palsy and its treatment options and develop a particular case for a patient with this diagnosis. The developed work was based on the retrieval of data processing problems and is divided into two sections: the general and special. In general section I point to the anatomical structure of nervous system, focusing mainly on the peripheral nervous system, peripheral motor neurone disorder, etiology, pathophysiology, recovery and treatment. A special section contains a case report prepared for the patient suffering from peripheral radial nerve palsy after Monteggia fracture of ulna, which I had the opportunity to perform at the Royal University Hospital in Vinohrady, the required monthly practice in the period from January 24 - February 18 2011, under the supervision of Ivana Karlova. This section includes anamnestic data processing, kinesiology entrance examination on the basis of which, I set short-term rehabilitation program applied in the different...
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Pathological pain states, the role of synaptic modulation at spinal cord level
Nerandžič, Vladimír ; Paleček, Jiří (advisor) ; Krůšek, Jan (referee)
(English) Modulation of synaptic transmission in dorsal horn of spinal cord plays a key role in nociceptive signalling. Recent studies have indicated a great importance of presynaptic TRPV1 receptors (transient receptor potential vanilloid) in spinal cord. These receptors act as molecular integrator of nociceptive stimulation on periphery. The way of their activation and the effect on modulation of the synaptic transmission are not clarified yet. Previous studies demonstrated the influence of many inflammatory mediators and cytokins on TRPV1 receptors. The aim of our research was to show changes in activation of presynaptic TRPV1 receptors in the spinal cord following the application of endogenous agonist N-oleoyl dopamine (OLDA) in a model of peripheral neuropathy, after incubation with cytokine TNFα and to show the effect of precursor of anandamide N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE). In our experiments, we have recorded miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSC) from neurons of acute spinal cord slices by the patch-clamp method. The first series of experiments tested sensitivity to application of the endogenous agonist OLDA 5 days after evoking peripheral neuropathy. The frequency of mEPSC increased significantly - to 250 % of base level after applying a low concentration of OLDA (0,2...
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Clinical and elektrophysiology longitudinal study of children with hereditary neurophathy Charlot-Marie-Tooth type 1A
Haberlová, Jana ; Seeman, Pavel (advisor) ; Syka, Josef (referee) ; Ambler, Zdeněk (referee) ; Vondráček, Petr (referee)
Hereditary peripheral neuropathy, known asCharcot Marie Tooth disease (CMT) and with an incidence of 1:2500 -1:10 000, is the most common hereditary neuromuscular disorder. Type CMT 1A is the most common form of CMT refering to the group of primary demyelinitateing motor and sensory peripheral neuropathies. CMT phenotype is clinically characterized by chronic slowly progressive distal muscle weakness and atrophy with hypo or areflexia and mild to moderate acral sensory loss. The lower limbs are predominantly affected. The aims of this study were to describe the first and most common signs of CMT1A during the first decade of life, to characterize their progression, and evaluate the sensitivity of CMTNS (Charcot-Marie- Tooth neuropath scale) for CMT1A young children. Sixteen children aged 3 to 10 years with genetically proven CMT 1A were examined. All patients were clinically examined, underwent electrophysiological examination, and were scored by CMTNS. Eight were followed for up to two years. Our data shows that CMT 1A in children under the age of 10 years causes only a mild disability. Initial signs of CMT 1A were difficulty in heel walking (15/16, 93%) and lower limb hypo or areflexia ( 13/16, 81%). The test of heel walking can be easily used as a screening test for hereditary neuropathies in pediatrics....
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