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Individualism in Natsume Sōseki's Work
Gieblová, Adéla ; Tirala, Martin (advisor) ; Weber, Michael (referee)
(in English) A thesis deals with individualism in Natsume Sōseki's work. The main topic is about how did the autor himself understand the individualism and based on which personal experiences did he create his conception of it. The second part of this thesis analyzes four literary works, Botchan, Sanshirō, Sorekara and Kokoro, on which I would like to show, which types of individuals Sóseki introduces to his readers and how the philosophy of individualism has affected his literary work.
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G. Lipovetsky: The Painless Ethics
Pavelcová, Tereza ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Čapek, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to follow and to critically interpret the proposition about the development of ethics and morality in the work of Gilles Lipovetsky both on specific examples from the history of ethics and its contemporary reflections. The thesis should clarify in what cases is his philosophical and sociological diagnosis, analysis and prediction justified and where it is on the contrary problematic and why. Lipovetsky's proposition in his book The Twilight of Duty is that contemporary moral "boom" is actually a shock and not only a comeback or a revitalization of the traditional morality. It would be no exaggeration to say that contemporary morality is definitely leaving the traditional one behind. The ambition of the thesis is also to give a formulation of the character and typical manifestation of Lipovetsky's "postmoral ethics of the third type" with neither religious nor lay basis in form of duty. The thesis is aware of the tension between the ethical ardor and decadence, the incitements to individualism and the demands of society, in short the tension between responsible and irresponsible ethics. The aim is also to try to justify the applied ethics of responsibility formulated by Lipovetsky, which is to be set in the period of "the twilight of duty", when we no longer have a...
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Consumer behaviour difference among young people (city and countryside).
Samec, Tomáš ; Šanderová, Jadwiga (advisor) ; Tuček, Milan (referee)
Issues of material, cultural and relationship consuption in context of late modern society are being discussed in the thesis. Differences between the social context of city and rural areas are used to describe social functions of consumption. At first consumption is defined in sociological terms using the literature. Thesis contains basic theoretical approaches dealing with consumption. Major interest is being put on analytical part of thesis, which shows findings of research. Research is divided into two parts. Qualitative part with data from semi-structured interviews, which are used to create concepts and hypothesis in order to test them in quantitative part with questionners. Research is a case study and findings and interpretations can not be generalized to whole population of young people. Data provide solid empirical conclusion and hypothesis though. My findings support idea of consuption as complex and ambivalent social phenomenon related to individualization process. Yet another social functions of consuption are revealed in thesis. Consuption as a device to define and redefine identity of individual. Normative aspect of consumption, which express itself in social groups norms. Significance of structural differences between both social context for individual's action with link to cultural and...
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Relationship between individualism and narcissism
Bartoš, František ; Buriánek, Jiří (advisor) ; Havlík, Radomír (referee) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
The dissertation thesis focuses on the topic of individualism and non-clinical narcissism. The issue is seen first in the broad context of social sciences and also the results of empirical researches published hitherto are summarized in the first part. Subsequently, based on three questionnaire surveys (two of them have representative character), is researched the incidence of individualism and non-clinical narcissism in the Czech population as well as the interaction between these two phenomena. For the purposes of measuring of their incidence we adopted the scale of individualism and collectivism (INDCOL) and constructed our own valid instrument for measuring non-clinical narcissism. In the text there is also described the process of construction and application of these two instruments. The thesis pursues also wider consequences of non-clinical narcissism, emphasizing one's self-conception, sexual life, partner and other interpersonal relationships, professional life and occurrence of social-pathological behaviour.
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Prolegomena to Problematics of Solitude
Pola, Petr ; Ševčík, Miloš (advisor) ; Michalovič, Peter (referee) ; Marcelli, Miroslav (referee)
PETR POLA : PROLEGOMENA TO PROBLEMATICS OF SOLITUDE Dissertation abstract The aim of the dissertation entitled Prolegomena to Problematics of Solitude is to introduce solitude as an existential characteristic, explore ways of its surpassing and articulate its relationship to experience of art. The issue of solitude represents for us a possible way to understand modern existence. First we examine the problem of solitude as an problem of isolated existence and formulate the question of its origin. The resolution of existential loneliness and solitude of being come to grasp the possibility of a relationship between isolation and solitude of being as sovereignty of being. Existential solitude means to effacer the relation of one who exists to oneself, which is a precondition for its existence. Finally we formulate a relationship between existential solitude and essential solitude, which is the paradigm for the experience of art especially for M. Blanchot. Deepening the problematics of existential solitude also enables to formulate the basis for discussions on the concept of subjectivity, which recently been revived.
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Genealogy of Liberalism in America.
Váňa, Filip ; Klvaňa, Tomáš (advisor) ; Calda, Miloš (referee)
In this work I examine the notion that various, both past and present conceptions of liberalism in America share a commitment to identical fundamental values, as well as utilize a characteristic method of political philosophy, that can both be traced to the rationalist thought of the period known as the Enlightenment. However, because of its ever-changing constitutive setting and different understandings of the term, the meaning of liberalism can be often dark and its usage confusing. Therefore I find it necessary to approach this work as an investigation of a complex (and extremely influential) phenomenon in time. I argue that throughout most of the history of the American republic, it has been exactly this forward-looking, revolutionary, rationalist tradition of liberalism, that has gradually come to dominate not just American politics, but also the social and even the private lives of the American people. Based on the examinations of the different "genealogical branches" of liberalism, I make the case that even though we often imagine the prominent conflict between the American "conservatives" and "liberals" as a struggle of two categorically opposed worldviews, underneath their political agendas we find the same set of goals. And while both sides try to achieve them by their own, often...
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Philosophical aspects of education in dialogue between Wolfgang Brezinka and Zygmunt Bauman
Dvořáková, Jana ; Dolista, Josef (advisor) ; Zátka, Vlastimil (referee)
The text of this work is primarily based on the works of Wolfgang Brezinka, focusing on the philosophy of education and on many sociological works by Zygmunt Bauman, which are cited for better orientation in the philosophical-educational context of the chapter focusing on the philosophy of education used in the antiquity The aim was to present the reader with at least a brief awareness of the individual aspects of the philosophy of education as presented by Brezinka and to supplement it with the possible aspects that can be taken from Bauman, who primarily focuses on exploring the socio-cultural phenomena of the modern society. Gradually, the essential characteristics, features, and characteristics that accompanied the upbringing in antiquity are presented, just as the educational aims and beliefs in relation to the upbringing that is presented by Brezinka. Furthermore, there are discussed and examined the pitfalls of modernism and postmodernism in relation to personality, culture, society and philosophical-educational possibilities as pointed out by Bauman. The amount of works on the philosophy of education is insufficient and even here, of course, it has not been possible to cover all the philosophical aspects of education which are available to the authors dealing with the philosophy of education, yet...
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Prolegomena to Problematics of Solitude
Pola, Petr ; Ševčík, Miloš (advisor) ; Michalovič, Peter (referee) ; Marcelli, Miroslav (referee)
PETR POLA : PROLEGOMENA TO PROBLEMATICS OF SOLITUDE Dissertation abstract The aim of the dissertation entitled Prolegomena to Problematics of Solitude is to introduce solitude as an existential characteristic, explore ways of its surpassing and articulate its relationship to experience of art. The issue of solitude represents for us a possible way to understand modern existence. First we examine the problem of solitude as an problem of isolated existence and formulate the question of its origin. The resolution of existential loneliness and solitude of being come to grasp the possibility of a relationship between isolation and solitude of being as sovereignty of being. Existential solitude means to effacer the relation of one who exists to oneself, which is a precondition for its existence. Finally we formulate a relationship between existential solitude and essential solitude, which is the paradigm for the experience of art especially for M. Blanchot. Deepening the problematics of existential solitude also enables to formulate the basis for discussions on the concept of subjectivity, which recently been revived.
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Meaning of fashion as a way of expressing woman's individual self
Bílková Černá, Michaela ; Šalanda, Bohuslav (advisor) ; Paulíček, Miroslav (referee)
English Abstract This Master Degree thesis takes up the topic of fashion and deals with the debate concerning fashion as a mean of expressing womens individual self. The main aim of this thesis is to analyse the meanings which women in todays society attach to fashion and their individual lived experience with this phenomenon. This text is based on theoretical assumptions of Gilles Lipovetsky as his conceptual understanding of fashion emphasises free agency of human beings and therefore stays against the opinions of traditional sociology of fashion. For a long time, the area of fashion had been neglected, however, in this text the subject is discussed as a socially relevant and historically developing phenomenon and as an unique institution, which is characteristic for a modern society. Theoretical outcome of this thesis is the suggestion that fashion might be understood as one of the means used by women to express their individual self. Woman is seen as an individual human being, who lives through her own unique experience, on the other hand, her behaviour, her own experience is limited by external factors and conditions.
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