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Atomic force microscopy in the region of biomacromolecules
Vančura, Martin ; Kopecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Bednárová, Lucie (referee)
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) enables sample imaging at the micro and nanoscale. Recently, the method is applied to investigate biomacromolecules. Here, we describe the basic principles of AFM with a special emphasis for bioapplications. We tested experimental abilities of Alpha 300 - the Raman microscope with AFM/SNOM accessory from WITec company. The ability of AFM to study objects of cellular dimensions was demonstrated on erythrocytes and green algae Desmodesmus quadricauda. We were able to observe growing of lysozyme protein fibrils on day scale - from dimensions of seeds (~3 nm height) up to fibrils itself (3-10 nm height and 100 nm up to micrometers length). Subsequently, we observed separate protein molecules of thyroglobulin (~6 nm) and also γ-globulin (~3 nm). It seems plausible to image objects up to 2 nm dimensions by the given device with respect to the signal/noise ratio.
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Possibilites of a secondary electrons bandpass filter for standard SEM
Mika, Filip ; Pokorná, Zuzana ; Konvalina, Ivo ; Khursheed, A.
Secondary electron filtering in Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) has been in use for over\na decade. This technique uncovers interesting contrasts in an otherwise ordinary SEM image\nwhich can possibly be used for dopant concentration mapping or for discerning the slight molecular weight differences in apparently homogeneous organic materials. Secondary\nelectron filtering of semiconductor samples seems very promising as it may shed light on the mechanism of SEM image contrast between p-doped and n-doped semiconductors, possibly\nallowing to determine dopant concentration from SEM image alone.
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Possibilities of three-dimensional creation in kindergarten
KIMROVÁ, Eva
The aim of the thesis is to introduce and test in practice a variety of options of threedimensional crafts on the topic "Fauna" in kindergarten. The theoretical part deals with the contribution of spatial art, its influence on the development of imagination,thinking and overall personality of the child. Social learning is of great importance, as children cooperate during the activities. The work introduces different kinds of crafts in terms of used material and the environment in which they are created. The practical part focuses on creating three-dimensional crafts of animals. The topic of fauna is very popular with children and they can be extremely enthusiastic about the activities. Individual craft projects are described and documented in detail, as well as evaluated according to the interests and abilities of children and according to educational strategies.
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Dysfunctions of interneurons in schizophrenia
Hrůzová, Karolína ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Weissová, Kamila (referee)
Schizophrenia is a serious neuropsychiatric disorder characterised by abnormal behaviours, perception and thoughts. It is a neurodevelopmental disease of two types of factors - genetic predispositions and environmental factors. The exact cause of schizophrenia remains, however, elusive. Interneurons are types of neurons, mostly exerting inhibitory action and their dysfunctions are associated with pathogenesis of schizophrenia. They are essential in the generation of neuronal oscillations, which play an important role in cognitive functions. Disruption of these oscillations (especially gamma band) could be paralleled by negative, positive or cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. These interactions could be possible discerned with an innovative technique called optogenetics. Optogenetics is a combination of genetic and optical approaches to controlling activity of specific targeted neurons. With this method we can study animal models of schizophrenia with great insight, which could give us an explanation of abnormalities in behaviour caused by neuronal disruption. Keywords: schizophrenia; interneurons; animal models; neuronal oscillations; optogenetics
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Detection of car approach speed using camera imge processing
Kovář, Jan ; Číka, Petr (referee) ; Šmirg, Ondřej (advisor)
The thesis deals with digital image processing, from the initial acquisition of digital picture frames, subsequent processing segmentation and algorithms to detect visual shapes on the scene. Image processing is a very broad topic, so here are analyzed for more understanding of the fundamental principles of perception and processing of video signals, image representation, his starting shooting through filters governing digital image processing methods to detect the objects in an image. It is also demonstrated by the size dependence of the object in the image on the distance from the camera, whereby we can determine the speed of approaching or moving away from the object. We will show you the specific determination of the distance we need to know the actual result size of the object. This is because the ratio between the size of the object depending on the distance is the same for each object. Finally, this work presents the resulting image frames for implementation using OpenCV library.
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Processing data from two-photon microscope
Tomek, Jakub ; Novák, Ondřej (advisor) ; Krajíček, Václav (referee)
Two-photon laser scanning microscopy is a modern method of in vivo neurophysiological research, capable of imaging up to hundreds of neurons at once. However, this method produces a large amount of data, difficult to process and analyze manually. This thesis presents Two-Photon Processor, a new toolkit for complex processing of data from two-photon microscope. During the work on this thesis, we designed the SeNeCA segmentation algorithm for detection of neurons in full-frame recording from a two-photon microscope. SeNeCA combines high speed and high quality of segmentation and, according to our evaluation, it currently is the best algorithm for segmentation of neurons in in vivo data. Two- Photon Processor is already routinely used in the Institute of Experimental Medicine of the ASCR, Department of Auditory Neuroscience, and it was published in the Journal of Neurophysiology.
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The role of the radiologist assistant in radionuclide brain examination
Horčičková, Zuzana ; Vlček, Petr (referee) ; Špalková, Ingrid (advisor)
Bachelor's thesis "The Role of the radiotherapist in radionuclide brain examinations" is engaged Nuclear medicine imaging methods in the examination of the brain and the role of the radiotherapist at radioisotope nuclear examination in the brain. The work is divided into nine parts. In the first and second part describes anatomy and physiology of the nervous system. The third part is devoted to regional brain blood perfusion - an examination of brain perfusion and assessment of cerebrovascular reserve capacity, which is described preparation and advance in examination, used radiofarmaceutical, evaluation of SPECT examination and contraindication. For testing cerebrovascular reserve capacity are described options burdens. Furthermore, in this chapter refers to the differential diagnostics of dementia, the detection of epileptic focus, the diagnosis of brain death and diagnostics of brain trauma. The fourth part is direct on receptor diagnostics. With respect to commercially supplied by diagnostic ligand is the most common examination dopamine system. The fifth part deals with 18F-FDG - PET examination of the brain. Distribution and intensity of glucose metabolism in the brain can be visualized. The sixth part deals with the diagnosis of brain tumors. In this chapter described the examination using of SPECT...
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Synthesis of spherical gold nanoparticles for biomedical applications
Gablech, Evelína ; Adam, Vojtěch (referee) ; Drbohlavová, Jana (advisor)
Tato práce se zabývá syntézou sférických zlatých nanočástic pro biomedicínské aplikace. Zlaté nanočástice byly syntetizovány ekologicky nezávadnými metodami, kterým je věnována i značná část rešerše. Cílem bylo nasyntetizovat stabilní koloidní zlaté nanočástice vhodné pro různé biomedicínké aplikace zejména, pro in vivo a in vitro zobrazovací metody, kterých přehled je take obsažen v teoretické části práce. Také byl proveden test cytotoxicity, jelikož částice mají být použitelné pro in vivo aplikace. Částice byly dale charakterizovány metodami SEM, DLS a UV-VIS.
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Development of Military Mapping of Our Country
NOVÁKOVÁ, Nikola
The presented thesis is entitled "Development of Military Mapping of Our Country." Each chapter captures the most significant and best known stages in the development of topographic mapping: mapping by Jan Kryštof Müller; the first, second and third military mapping; 1923-1945 mapping; the military mapping after the Second World War; and finally the military mapping after the Czech Republic joined NATO. The aim of the thesis is to characterize and elaborate through a detail retrieval the course of military topographic mapping in Bohemia and Moravia from Müller's first mapping till present. The conclusion summarizes the obtained key information reflecting the findings about the historical milestones in the field of mapping and map creation in our country.
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The modern marketing phenomenon: Neuromarketing
Teichmann, Lukáš ; Říha, David (advisor) ; Zamazalová, Marcela (referee)
In my thesis I focus on a relatively new but very promising field, which was born by combining several different sectors - neuromarketing. I refer to new scientific findings, theories and new technologies that gave rise to this field. I prove the usefulness of neuromarketing and its need for high quality surveys and marketing campaigns. The main part of my work is about analyzing individual brain processes and investigating the use of new knowledge about the brain in practice. In addition, in its practical part contained in the individual chapters, I try to analyze existing marketing and advertising campaigns from the neuromarketing perspective by using acquired theoretical knowledge in relevant chapters. At the end I present various methods of brain scanning through which neuromarketing arised. Finally, I try to clarify the view of marketing experts on neuromarketing and prove that this business has a promising future and a very wide application.
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