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Grammaticalization potentiel of the anaphoric ten in spoken narative discourse
Zíková, Magdalena ; Friedová, Mirjam (advisor) ; Nedolužko, Anna (referee) ; Berger, Tilman (referee)
In my Ph.D. thesis, I examine the use of referential devices in spoken narrative discourse with predominant anaphoric reference. Special attention is paid to the relationship between two competing forms: lexical phrases containing the lexeme ten (ten-MARKED NPs) and lexical phrases not containing it (UNMARKED NPs) in repeated mentions. A primary aim of the work is (i) to identify factors favouring the use of ten-marked NPs at the expense of unmarked NPs and (ii) to explore the possibility of the lexeme ten grammaticalizing from its anaphoric use. Theoretically and methodologically I benefit mostly from the conception of discourse anaphora and the theory of grammaticalization. The referential devices are systematically explored in terms of their distribution into different classes according to a set of parameters and their values. These parameters reflect the conceptual (animacy), grammatical (syntactic function, type of clause etc.) as well as discourse characteristics of the forms and their referents (informational status of the NP in the clause, activation and persistence of the referent, etc.). The data consist of 45 short narratives produced by 15 speakers. The speakers' task was to retell three short silent-movie sketches which they had seen immediately before the recording. The design of the...
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Émile Benveniste and the role of sens
Krásová, Eva ; Bílek, Petr (advisor) ; Pešek, Ondřej Matthew (referee) ; Fulka, Josef (referee)
Eva Krásová: Émile Benveniste and the role of sens My thesis "Émile Benveniste and the role of sens" is a monographic study of the life work of Émile Benveniste (1902-1977) through the role that the concept of meaning (sens) takes in his thought. I adopt the methodology defined by K. Kœrner as "historiography of language sciences", and thus my perspective on Benveniste's work is mainly chronological and developmental. First part of the thesis concentrates on theoretical foundations of Benveniste's thought in the school of Paris (A. Meillet and M. Bréal), Prague (R. Jakobson and V. Skalička) and Copenhagen (texts around 1939). I point out the concept of language system in diachrony in A. Meillet's thinking and in Prague school and present a hypothesis about the role of Émile Bneveniste in their contact during the International congresses of linguists. This results into a description of the perspective of meaning as it was presented in Benveniste's 1962 lecture "Levels of linguistic analysis". Second part deals with Benveniste's concept linguistics of discours. First chapter explains the main concepts of Benveniste's theory of language: semiotics and semantics or the semiotical and the semantical (le/la sémiotique, sémantique), enunciation (énonciation), appropriation (appropriation) and the theory...
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The Possibilities of Deixis as a Principle of Interpretation: Mediation in Czech and German Public Space
Samek, Tomáš ; Vrhel, František (advisor) ; Starý, Zdeněk (referee) ; Halbich, Marek (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Filozofická fakulta Ústav etnologie Historické vědy - etnologie Tomáš Samek Možnosti deixe jako interpretačního principu: česky a německy mediovaný prostor The Possibilities of Deixis as a Principle of Interpretation: Mediation in Czech and German Public Space Abstrakt dizertační práce (anglicky) Vedoucí práce: Doc. PhDr. František Vrhel, CSc. 2015 Key Words and Abstract Key words: deixis; deictic perspective; linguistic categories; descriptive metalanguage; public space; social interaction; interpretive approach; mediated communication; mass media; ideologies; social identity; origo; situatedness; phatic function; Czech; German. Abstract: This thesis examines whether, and to what extent, deixis can be conceptualized as an interpretive principle of social interactions and communication. It addresses the question on both theoretical and empirical levels, analyzing samples of direct and mediated communication in Czech and German public space. In order to capture deictic phenomena by an adequate conceptual framework, I take some binary dichotomies of the descriptive metalanguage of linguistics and reconceptualize them as continuous scales. Using these scales, I explore the notional borders of the term "deixis." I further identify protosymbolic potential in deictic expressions as...
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Spanish determiners este, ese, aquel and their Czech equivalents
Erbenová, Adéla ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Kratochvílová, Dana (referee)
The thesis is focused on the Spanish determiners este, ese, aquel, the definite article and their anaphoric function. First, the theoretical groundwork for the latter analysis is built: the deter- miners are characterized together with the anaphora as a device of discourse coherence. Then, the choice between the demonstratives este, ese, aquel and the defi- nite article in different types of nominal anaphora is analyzed using examples from the parallel corpus InterCorp. Diverse factors influencing this choice are examined. The analysis is extended with a comparative analysis in which Czech equivalents of the Spanish determiners in the same types of anaphora are compared.
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Deixis and space in Czech sign language
Tučková, Dana ; Macurová, Alena (advisor) ; Richterová, Klára (referee)
This work presents fundamental extra-and intra- language features of deixis (referring to an entity out of the language and to an entity forward or backward in the text) in Czech sign language as well as in Czech language. The work also includes examples from other signed and spoken languages that are taken from relevant bibliography. In particular, more space is devoted to categories of contextual information referred to by deixis such as person, place, and time. Possible ways of how to distinguish deictic expressions from ostensive expressions in signed languages are introduced. In connection with different types of grammatical space in sign languages, route and survey perspectives are mentioned. In the practical part of the work there are described methods and results of the research on the choice of perspective by Czech sign language and Czech language users with regard to a different type of the described enviroment. The findings were, consequently, compared with the results from American sign language and English language. The second research focuses on strategies used by Czech sign language and Czech language users when describing the objects placed in shared space. The results are then compared with the strategies applied by American sign language users. A DVD with examples of Czech sign...
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Functional and translation correspondence of English demonstrative determiners in translation from English
Ledvinka, Miroslav ; Šaldová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Malá, Markéta (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyse Czech translation counterparts of English demonstrative determiners and determine the degree of correspondence in the use of demonstratives in both languages. The first half of the theoretical chapter defines the English demonstrative determiners on the morpho-syntactic level. Demonstrative determiners in English carry either situational or textual reference, which can be further divided into anaphora, cataphora and the non-phoric reference. Demonstratives also distinguish between singular forms (this/that) and plural forms (these/those), as well as between proximal (this/these) and distal forms (that/those). The choice of either a proximal or a distal form is not always influenced by solely spatial relationships. Less frequent instances of a co- occurrence of a demonstrative and a proper name (Vantage Theory), and of demonstratives with prominent cohesive features (Gradient focus theory), are also discussed. The second half of the theoretical introduction is focused on a morpho-syntactic classification of Czech demonstratives. The inflectional character of Czech, together with the absence of the category of definiteness results in different realisations of certain grammatical structures. The quantitatively larger set of Czech demonstratives is classified...
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Information on Personal Pronouns in Czech Grammar Books
Kubeková, Michaela ; Macurová, Alena (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
This dissertation compares information on personal pronouns provided in grammar books, general linguistic analyses, dictionaries, and other essays and studies dealing with this topic. The first chapter examines seven Czech grammar books, from which information relating to personal pronouns (including spheres which relate only tangentially to personal pronouns, e.g. the formulation of the pronominal subject, the category of grammatical person, deixis, anaphora, the coherence of a text, etc.) is extracted and compared. The second chapter looks at information contained in five general linguistics manuals, and the third chapter is concerned with the information given in the three most popular dictionaries. Information contained in other publications and essays related to the topic of personal pronouns (including several foreign periodicals) is cited in the form of footnotes to the individual chapters. By way of conclusion this dissertation seeks to characterise the main divergences between the individual types of publications examined and summarise the basic differences (or similarities) in their approaches.
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