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The Multiplicity of Being: The Ontology of Alain Badiou
Pivoda, Tomáš ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kouba, Petr (referee) ; Pechar, Jiří (referee)
Tomáš Pivoda, The Multiplicity of Being: The Ontology of Alain Badiou PhD thesis Abstract The thesis introduces for the first time in the Czech philosophical context the ontology of the French philosopher Alain Badiou, as he set it out in his fundamental work Being and Event (L'être et l'événement, 1988). It first presents the starting point of Badiou's philosophy as well as the reasons of his identification of ontology with the set theory, and it points out Badiou's importance for contemporary philosophy, especially for the so called speculative realism around Quentin Meillassoux. The main axis of the exposition is then built around Badiou's four fundamental "Ideas": the multiplicity, the event, the truths and the subject, in connection with which it is shown how Badiou constructs his conceptual apparatus out of individual axioms of the set theory, whereby he follows the basic formal definition of multiplicity based on the operator . In connection with∈ the first Idea of multiplicity, the thesis exposes - with references to Martin Heidegger and Plato - Badiou's conceptual transposition of the couple one/multiple on the couple existence/being and defines the fundamental concepts of his ontology - the situation, the presentation, the representation and the void, with the help of which Badiou interprets...
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Definition of a relevant market for the purposes of EU competition law
Jirovec, Jakub ; Scheu, Harald Christian (advisor) ; Šmejkal, Václav (referee)
The topic of this final thesis is the definition of the relevant market for the purpose of the EU competition law. The main purpose of this thesis is to provide the structured summary of the rules on the definition of the relevant market as these have been mostly determined by the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Commission. The case-law provided by these institutions has formed the main source of this thesis, however, the literature, in particular English, has also formed an important source. The final thesis is divided into four main chapters. The first one deals with the EU competition law in general, its position within the EU law and its significance for establishing the common market and attaining the main goals of the European integration. The first chapter also provides the sources of the EU competition law and the institutions supervising the observation thereof, i.e. the European Commission and the Court of Justice of the European Union. The second chapter of this thesis is focused on the significance of the relevant market definition within the EU competition law. This chapter provides for the particular cases requiring the relevant market definition. These cases are divided pursuant to Articles 101 and 102 TFEU and the merger control regulation. The third chapter...
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Old cultural landscapes of Moravia
Kolejka, Jaromír
In the years 2016-2020, an inventory of landscape segments took place in the historical territory of Moravia, the appearance of which is currently similar to their image in the pre-industrial period on cadastral maps from the first half of the 19th century. When solving the project of the NAKI program of the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic, 1139 segments of the old pre-industrial landscape larger than 10 ha were included in the extensive database. About 10 other characteristics were found for each segment, which serve for geostatistical analysis and classification. The article outlines the concept, time classification and procedure of identification of the remains of the old pre-industrial cultural landscape using the current color orthophotomap and imperial prints of cadastral maps from the 1820s-1830s. The historical events that preceded the emergence of the pre-industrial landscape are described in detail. The causes that led to dramatic changes in the cultural landscape in the age of industrial society are also listed. The map documentation provides an overview of the nature of the available data on old landscapes and the location of their identified remains in the historical territory of Moravia.\n\n
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Iran as a Case of a State Supporting Terrorism
Krausová, Hana ; Makariusová, Radana (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
The master's theses, which examines the phenomenon of state-sponsored terrorism giving the example of Islamic Republic of Iran, consists of two sections, general and specific. In the first part main theoretical concepts and definitions are be introduced. The author gives priority to differentiation between the terms of terrorism, state-sponsored terrorism and marginally also to the problematic definition of state terrorism. Detailed description of the concept of state-sponsored terrorism follow. Last but not least the author provides an insight into the history of the occurrence of this form of terrorism. The merit of the work, however, remains in particular case study of the state- sponsored terrorism, the Islamic Republic of Iran. To understand the context and causes of supporting terrorism, it is necessary to become familiar with the history of Iran (especially since 1979), its political system and the current situation in the country. This thesis will examine the reasons that led Iran to support terrorism on domestic and foreign soil, and specifically focusing on the terrorist organization Hezbollah, which Iran founded and have significantly sponsored for a long time. The intention of the thesis is to identify the main causes of Iranian support for terrorism, to determine how the relationship...
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Homegrown Terrorism
Chlupáčová, Kamila ; Makariusová, Radana (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this work is explanation of the concept of homegrown terrorism based on an analysis of selected terrorist attacks; and creates a definition for this completely new phenomenon. For the processing of the topic I chose a comparative case study method, which is applied to the exploration of three terrorist attacks (terrorist attacks in London 2005, attacks in editorial office of Charlie Hebdo in 2015 and terrorist attacks in Paris 2015). Basic investigated dependent variable is homegrown terrorism and the independent variables are concepts "belonging" and "autonomy". Variables that are connected to the concept of "belonging" include the origin of the attackers and links to the Western countries, the concept of "autonomy" is linked to the independence of the attackers to terrorist groups abroad and self-training of the attackers and finally motives of the attackers include the role of religion, the social situation of the attackers and hatred of invaders towards the West. The variables above are applied to each terrorist attack separately in the form of table data. Each dependent and independent variable may be positive or negative. According to this research, I found that each particular attack was different in certain characteristics from the previous one and therefore it is difficult to...
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Theories of art evaluation
Neubert, Jiří ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Dadejík, Ondřej (referee)
(EN) Evaluation is an inextricable part of perceiving artworks and therefore it is necessary to study it. Evaluation is always an evaluation of something, it presupposes certain knowledge and idea of what is being evaluated. Evaluation presupposes conceptualization. If we want to say something about art or better of our experience of it and want to be understood and believed, we will need to study our conceptual equipment we use. This paper offers a conceptual minimum, being important, almost inevitable for the evaluation of art. All encounters with art are connected to the consideration of authorship. Concept of the author seems to be with the concept of art more then adherent. Nowadays authorship flounders between complete sovereignty and dissolution. There are theories of artworks, that leave or even protest against the connection between art and author. Art has a long tradition, but the contemporary notio of art is relatively young and conceptually very much laden. On the one side there is ignorance of its character, on the other there are tendencies to fix it forever. Man understanding art as an expression, perceives, looks for meaning and evaluates differently, then the one understands art as an institutinally given status. The manners of thinking art are decisive. The concept of art depends...
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The evolution of purpose and status of comic strips in czech cultural magazines
Drahoňovská, Tereza ; Láb, Filip (advisor) ; Hrdina, Matouš (referee)
This master's thesis is a study of the comic strip and its tradition in the Czech Republic. It covers development of this format and its occurrence in Czech periodicals as well as the gradual use of comics' visual language and different views on the comic strip definition. Taking views from several different perspectives including artists, writers, magazine editors and publishers this thesis will show the principles of cooperation between the comic creator and the editors of the magazine in which it is published. This is supported by original research (see Appendix) and has the goal of showing the motivations, perceptions and approaches to the comic strip from the perspective of the creator as well as the magazine editor. The research uses case studies based on structured interviews with editors of cultural magazines in the Czech Republic and with the creators of the comic strips that they publish. The results of this research combined with the historical and contemporary context offer a close look into the current perception of the comic strip as a format for creative expression, but also the magazine editor's responsibility in publishing the comic strip.
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The Entry "Fashion" in Czech Encyklopedias
Schambergerová, Lucie ; Hlobil, Tomáš (advisor) ; Jarošová, Helena (referee)
The thesis "Entry "Fashion" in Czech Encyclopedias" analyses an evolution of aesthetic viewpoint of the entry "fashion" since its first appearance (the first Encyclopedia in Czech language from 1866) until recently (the Entry Fashion in 2001). The thesis research method is based on Jan Mukařovský's theory of function, value and norm of the aesthetics and his commentaries on fashion, which I made a subset to my own term aesthetic viewpoint. For better orientation I first decided to summarize particular analyses of each entry into a spreadsheet which makes development, way of characterisation and terminological variability of aesthetic viewpoint apparent in a more complete way. The main goal is to answer the following reasearch questions: 1. Do authors distinguish between fashion as a norm and fashion as a form of clothing? 2. Which terms are being used to thematize the aesthetic viewpoint? 3. What is the context of the aesthetic viewpoint of fashion?
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Definition of a relevant market for the purposes of EU competition law
Jirovec, Jakub ; Scheu, Harald Christian (advisor) ; Šmejkal, Václav (referee)
The topic of this final thesis is the definition of the relevant market for the purpose of the EU competition law. The main purpose of this thesis is to provide the structured summary of the rules on the definition of the relevant market as these have been mostly determined by the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Commission. The case-law provided by these institutions has formed the main source of this thesis, however, the literature, in particular English, has also formed an important source. The final thesis is divided into four main chapters. The first one deals with the EU competition law in general, its position within the EU law and its significance for establishing the common market and attaining the main goals of the European integration. The first chapter also provides the sources of the EU competition law and the institutions supervising the observation thereof, i.e. the European Commission and the Court of Justice of the European Union. The second chapter of this thesis is focused on the significance of the relevant market definition within the EU competition law. This chapter provides for the particular cases requiring the relevant market definition. These cases are divided pursuant to Articles 101 and 102 TFEU and the merger control regulation. The third chapter...
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