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Treatment for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations
Bradáč, Ondřej ; Beneš, Vladimír (advisor) ; Haninec, Pavel (referee) ; Vaverka, Miroslav (referee)
Introduction: The surgical and endovascular results of the treatment of pial AVM provided at our Neurosurgical centre are presented. These results are supported by neuropsychological outcomes of subgroup of treated patients. Going by these results and by an overview of literary data on the efficacy and complications of each therapeutic modality, the optimal algorithm of indications is presented Cohort of patients: The main series comprises 222 patients aged 9 to 87 years treated in the years 1998 - 2013. The surgical group consists of 85 patients, 55 patients received solely endovascular treatment. Thirty-four patients were consulted and referred directly to the Radiosurgical unit. The remaining 48 were recommended to abide by the strategy of "watch and wait". A subgroup of 66 patients, who underwent treatment of AVM was neuro-psychologically tested at least two years after treatment using a battery of tests constructed specifically for this study. A control group consisted of 10 subjects without any neurological disease. Results: In the surgical group, serious complications were 3.5% at a 96.5% therapeutic efficacy. As for AVM treated with purely endovascular methods, serious procedural complications were seen in 5.5% of patients, with efficacy totalling 36.4%. One observed patient suffered...
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Depression in the elderly with focus on people with cognitive deficit
Věchetová, Gabriela ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
Depressive symptoms are very common among people with neurocognitive disorder. The comorbidity of both diseases and the overlap of their symptoms complicates correct diagnosis and thus also the initiation of a correct treatment. The instruments of depression measuring in seniors with a severe cognitive deficit are also a discussed issue. The subject of the theoretical part is to describe the issue of depression and cognitive disorders in the old age with a focus on Alzheimer's disease, which is the most common mental disorder in the elderly together with depression. The goal of the empirical part of the thesis is to research based on the interviews with seniors if the most frequently used method of depression measuring in the elderly, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), is a suitable measuring instrument also in seniors with a cognitive deficit and further examine how these seniors actually experience the individual mood qualities which are the subjects of items in GDS. Forty seniors with a various degree of cognitive deficit participated in the research. The study results showed that the questionnaire is usable for seniors with a mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia. To detect the border of the cognitive deficit, below which it is not suitable to use the depression measuring method GDS, a...
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Cognitive deficit in schizophrenia and animal models of the disease
Svojanovská, Barbora ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Vrajová, Monika (referee)
Cognitive deficit is a characteristic symptom of schizophrenia, which occurs in most of the cases. We can use animal models for better understanding of schizophrenia and to find possible treatment. As subjects of animal models are often used rats and mice, which can be administered various drugs (used to treat schizophrenia), or newly synthesized substances. The final effect is observed in different conditions. By blocking NMDA (N-methyl-D- aspartate), dopamine and serotonin receptors, we can model cognitive deficit. Thanks to the lesion in a particular area of the brain, specific parts involved in the deficit can be detected. The cognitive functions are often associated with hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. This thesis describes a theories of development of schizophrenia and relevant animal models. It also shows that research of cognitive deficits using animal models facilitates the development of appropriate drugs without adverse side effects. Key words: schizophrenia, animal models, cognitive deficit, memory, attention, spatial navigation
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Application of ICT for Cognitive Functions Support
Šuchman, Ondřej ; Pstružina, Karel (advisor) ; Kulišťák, Petr (referee)
Performance of cognitive abilities, like attention, memory, language and speech, planning, decision making or logical thinking, is the basic assumption for quality of life. There are many ways how to keep and improve them. This thesis deals with connection of information technologies and cognitive sciences with focus on memory support. At the beginning there is introduced an aim of thesis in detail, in the next chapter there are described memory systems and other cognitive functions. Third chapter is focused on short introduction of brain structures, neurotransmitters affecting memory activities and imaging methods that serve for observing memory activities. In the forth chapter there are described the most common memory deficits. In the fifth part there is description of several computer programs currently used for cognitive functions support. Within the scope of practical part there was tested one software from fifth chapter with focus on memory abilities of researched sample. The results of conducted experiment are described in detail at the very end of this thesis.
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Psychopatological result of schock
JELÍNKOVÁ, Hana
Topics of this diploma thesis are psychopathological consequences after craniocerebral trauma. This thesis focus on rising cognitive deficit after different brain damage. I solve rising of brain trauma and psychopathological deficits. I describe medical examination, which define diagnosis and individual form of rehabilitation. After that follows somatic and functional diabilities of central nervous system. The last chapter is about casuistry of young boy, who was injured in the crash. He had head injury with another psychopathological deficits.
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Integrated terapeutic program for people with psychotic diseases
HAVLÍČKOVÁ, Jiřina
The work introduces schizophrenia and the program for people suffering with this problem into details. My work is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part I try to introduce the readers in the problems of psychic diseases. I concentrate mainly to psychotic diseases. I describe its causes, symptoms, forms, and prognosis. I also describe the integrated therapeutic plan for people with schizophrenia. The last part treats of our not-for-profit organization. In the analytic part I inform the readers about the results of the research and try to give analysis and interpretation of collected data. We are planning making the best of this research for our practical work with clients.
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