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Economic Analysis of the Business Activity of the Selected Banks in Czechoslovakia during the Great Depression (1929-33)
Bosáková, Diana ; Doležalová, Antonie (advisor) ; Moravcová, Hana (referee)
This thesis deals with the analysis of the economic situation of selected five Czechoslovak banks: Živnostenská banka, Tatra banka, Anglo-československá banka, Banka Československých legií and Agrárna banka during the Great Depression. Through the available data from 1922 - 1938, the development of the behavior and efficiency of banks in the pre-crisis and during the period is proven. The aim of this work is to describe the situation of banks before the onset of the economic crisis and to identify the behavior of bank management during the Great Depression using four financial indicators. Financial indicators examine the profitability, liquidity and solvency of banks. The results of the work showed that banks behaved inefficiently already before the crisis, which is indicated by low values of return on equity and assets. The ratio of loans to deposits due to the crisis has fallen in almost all banks, but points to the inefficient behavior of some of the Czechoslovak banks as part of low lending before the crisis. Although none of the Czechoslovak banks collapsed during the crisis, this thesis points to the inefficient behavior of bank management, which relied heavily on state aid.
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Role Federálního Rezervního Systému v ekonomice USA
Selitrennikova, Irina ; Gevorgyan, Kristine (advisor) ; Brůna, Karel (referee)
The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to analyze the Central Bank of the United States, the Federal Reserve Bank, to define its role during two serious crises and to research changes occurred to FED's incomes. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is dedicated to three entities which Federal Reserve consists of, the second one obtains the historical information about the reasons of its foundation and chronological chain of events preceding it. The Great Depression, The Great Recession and the actions of the FRS that were undertaken during these periods are described in the third chapter. After the recent crisis that occurred in 2008 the structure and amount of FED's incomes changed a lot. I devoted the fourth chapter of this bachelor thesis to the analysis of reasons of these changes and its consequences.
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The banking crisis 1929 -1933
Strnadová, Petra ; Baxa, Jaromír (advisor) ; Hájek, Jan (referee)
The issue of banking crises is of a significant importance due to their impact on the economic situation and having revealed the main causes of a bank distress, it should be possible to avoid some of them in the future by taking appropriate measures. The banking crisis during the Great Depression belongs to the biggest crises in the history and provides a great opportunity to properly examine the behaviour of U.S. banks. Therefore, the aim of my thesis is to identify the key moments of the banking crisis, analyse the adopted policies and regulations, reveal the main causes of bank suspensions and to examine the bank balance sheets to state which type of bank was the most resilient. The results implied that the crucial event was a fall of a large investment bank in 1930 that initiated the wave of banking panic when banks started fighting against both illiquidity and insolvency problems. The analysis showed that mutual saving banks were the most successful and that the trust of the public together with insufficient deposit insurance are key factors influencing the bank runs. However, the major drawback is considered to be the excessive risk banks were facing even before the stock market crash.
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"Mototown Detroit" - Economic and social developement of the town from the end of 19. century to 1941
Vosáhlo, Radka ; Koura, Jan (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
Résumé Dissertation analysis raising of phenomenon of automobilism in the american city of Detroit in first half of 20. century. Analysis is focus primarily on the "Big Three" of car producers: Ford Motor Company, General Motors a Chrysler LLC. Analysis is temporalily delimitated with two moments, closely conected with developing of automobilism: Increase of popularity of cars at the begin of 20. century and Great depression. Important moments in delimitated time period were especially: founding of Ford Motor Company in 1903, founding of General Motors in 1908, implementation of assembly line by Henry Ford in 1913, founding of Chrysler LLC in 1925 and of course the Great Depresion from 1929. Special priority is focus on the personality od Henry Ford and his style of organization of work, company development and inovations, that were introduced mostly by his company, followed by others. Henry Ford has absolutely special position, mostly because of his complex care of his employes.Objective of this work is not only to analyze unprecedent increase and development of the city of Detroit, but also to describe demographical change of society, due by the development of automobile industry in the state of Michigan. Major question is: How the city of Detroit was changed in connection with industrial development,...
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Position of the weekly Hospodářský rozhled in the Contemporary economic thought
Krška, Štěpán ; Köpplová, Barbara (advisor) ; Lysoněk, Tomáš (referee)
This diploma thesis examines the weekly Hospodářský rozhled and its position in the contemporary economic thought. Hospodářský rozhled was claimed to be an independent weekly. This thesis describes its role as an economic journal in the context of the era. The first part provides a general definition of the topic. Within this chapter, the economy and situation of Czechoslovakia between the world wars is described as well as the establishment of the weekly. The second chapter focuses on the structure of the weekly, main characteristics of the content and confiscated issues. The third part analyses the main topics of the examined period - monetary policy and disputes with agrarian and communist parties. In the fourth part, the main topics of the particular years are analysed and scrutinised. In 1938, international and national problems intensified which also affected the content of the journal. Despite the growing radicalisation, the periodical maintained consistently its line of thought over the analysed period. Hospodářský rozhled criticised authoritarian regimes and defended democratic principles. The journal often pursued the defence of industry and critics of agrarian sector. The last, fifth chapter, focuses on the editors of the journal. Keywords Czechoslovakia, Hospodářský rozhled, economy,...
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Strike of Strakonice Textile Workers in 1933 - social-economy conflict during the great depresion
Melichar, Bohumil ; Rákosník, Jakub (advisor) ; Čechurová, Jana (referee)
The thesis, whose content is based on social history analysis of specific historical event which took place in Strakonice town at the turn of 1932 and 1933, is focused on the issue of strike as social- economical conflict with regard to catastrophe of the Great Depression 1929 significantly influencing political opinions of individual citizens. The main aim is to depict the dichotomy between anti system features of strike (strike as a political tool designated to control social tenses which can be used as weapon against government) and perceiving the strike clearly like a mutual conflict of interests between employer and employee without political aims. Afterwards, there will be interpreted several strategies and motivations of historical players (workers movement, political parties, other local elites of the town), which led to a competition for dominance. Substantial emphasis is placed on the analysis of ideology and strategy of Czechoslovak Communist party which struggled for hegemony over the local community of workers. Conclusions bring evaluation of social credit of historical players in the time of its entering and exiting the conflict and also the causes of its profits or loses.
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About political and economic development of Austria in years 1931-1934.
Šepták, Miroslav ; Stellner, František (advisor) ; Skřivan, Aleš (referee) ; Jančík, Drahomír (referee)
1 About Political and Economic Development of Austria in Years 1931-1934 Miroslav Šepták Abstract The aim of the presented dissertation is the analysis of the Austrian foreign political development in the years 1931-1934 with the emphasis on the general development of the international relations. Furthermore, the selected intra-political events and the economic and social development of Austria will not be omitted as well. The time frame of the presented dissertation, i.e. years 1931 and 1934, has been chosen with respect to the important events which exceeded the Austrian boarders because of their significance and impact on the contemporary international politics. The first milestone is connected with publication of the plan of the German-Austrian customs union. Assassination of the Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss represents the second milestone. There occurs the deficit of the detailed analysis of the Austrian foreign policy, especially in the relationship towards Germany and Italy, in the existing historiography so far. It is particularly the absence of comparison of unpublished documents, Austrian, German and Czechoslovak, with related published sources, contemporary memoirs and press articles as well as scholarly literature. The presented dissertation, which is the result of the four-year...
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Czech Advertisement between the World Wars: Case Study of Magazine Pestrý Týden in 1929
Fidranská, Iva ; Dolanský, Pavel (advisor) ; Cebe, Jan (referee)
The bachelor thesis inspects the potential impact of the Big Depression on the Czechoslovak society in 1929 - the year of escalating economic conjuncture. To find it out, the advertising outputs are applied, namely a print advertising in the then social week magazine called "Pestrý týden" (The Motley/ Various Week in translation). The first part provides a theoretical background - it puts the topic into the historical, political, economic, social and cultural context in order to prepare a reader for the second part of the thesis. There are described the then means of advertising including a detailed characteristics of the First Republic print advertising. Except for that it emphasizes a new role of women in society and the advertisers' attention to these new consumers and buyers. The second part is practical and dedicated to quantitative content analysis and determination of an amount of particular goods and services in particular months. It is explained here, why some types of goods and services disappeared or appeared during the year and whether it was due to the crisis. Within the analysis the biggest investors and their target groups are defined as well.
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Impact of The Great Depression on Czechoslovak mechanical engineering in 20s and 30s of the 20th century
Herna, Marek ; Fabianková, Klára (advisor) ; Chalupecký, Petr (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the situation of Czechoslovak industry in the 20s and 30s of the 20th century, especially mechanical engineering. Emphasis is placed on the effects of the Great Depression and the related anti-crisis measures in the industry. I analysed the direct impact of the crisis on various engineering companies. The theoretical part is devoted to the theory of state intervention in the economy and the development of Czechoslovak industry in the 20s and 30s. The analytical part is dedicated to anti-crisis measures in the industry, analyzes the direct impact of the crisis on the industry and selected engineering companies. It also describes the strategy of companies during the crisis. The main goal of the research is to determine that the structure of Czechoslovak industrial production was before the crisis fairly outdated and new industries still fall short of major proportions. The economic crisis has led to changes in the industry structure and the growing importance of new industries. I confirmed the hypothesis that the anti-crisis policy of the government was not effective enough and the measures taken had a negative impact on corporate strategy.
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