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Doctors Without Borders as an International Relations Actor: The Cases of Somalia, Rwanda, Bosnia and Herzegovina Missions
Němcová, Karolína ; Tomalová, Eliška (advisor) ; Weiss, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this Master thesis is to identify the specifics of non-governmental organization Doctors Without Borders (Médecins Sans Frontières) as an actor of international relations, mainly through the presentation and activities of the organization during the implementation of its programs in the early 1990s, when the process of internationalization was consolidated. The thesis also covers the issue of respecting the commitment to shared values for which Doctors Without Borders claim responsibility, and which also represents the principles of their activities. Based on the theoretical framework of actorness, it is possible to compare three missions of Doctors Without Borders implemented during the internal state conflicts in Somalia, Rwanda and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The analysis shows that during this period, Doctors Without Borders is characterized by a strong national identity of particular sections, in that we can see the strong national features of the French, Belgian and Dutch sections, which often behaved contradictorily and incoherently. The commitment to respect the shared values is fulfilled with one exception, namely the obligation to respect the neutral status.
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Fragile States Index demonstrated by the Somalia case
Bímová, Veronika ; Volenec, Otakar (advisor) ; Dubský, Zbyněk (referee)
This diploma thesis is a case study aiming to analyse the development of socioeconomic and political situation in Somalia between 2007 and 2016. Based on this analysis, it should be decided whether it is justified to rank Somalia among the so called collapsed states. This analysis is performed using the critical tool Fragile States Index developed by the Fund for Peace organisation. Its underlying concept are twelve basic indicators divided in three groups: social, economic and political. The thesis consists of five parts: the first chapter presents a theoretical framework, summarizes the issue of weak statehood and defines basic concepts. The second, third and fourth chapters constitute the main part of the thesis presenting the analysis of the socioeconomic and political situation in Somalia conducted with the use of the FSI tool. The fifth chapter shows the particular development of the FSI in Somalia between 2007 and 2016.
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Norwegian model of UN Peacekeeping operations - model applicable in Africa?
Vavříková, Jana ; Lehmannová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Dubský, Zbyněk (referee)
In the theoretical part defines the diploma thesis UN Peacekeeping operactions, conflict theory, conflict curve and peace methods of conflict management. Other part of the thesis concentrates on definition of the Norwegian model and general characteristics of the African conflicts. Last chapter of the thesis analysis three conflicts (Somalia, Sierra Leone and Sudan) in which UN participated via UN Peacekeeping operation. Afterwards the Norwegian model is applied to this conflicts and operations.
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NATO states' operations against violent non-state actors in Somalia, Afghanistan and Mali
Müller, Vojtěch ; Doboš, Bohumil (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze selected military operations of NATO states in Somalia, Afghanistan and Mali against violent non-state actors, who led anti-government insurgence in these states. On the basis of analysis of individual interventions will be rendered their comparison and by its result, I will try to capture the development of military strategies, which were used by the states within counter-insurgence operations. Because the start of interventions in Somalia and Mali is divided by more than 20 years, it is possible to capture prospective development. Furthermore, due to analyzing individual military interventions, I will be able to identify reasons for their success or eventual failure.
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Somaliland: a new state on the politcal map of the world?
Hausvater, Ervín ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Romancov, Michael (referee)
1 Abstract Bachelor thesis "Somaliland: a new state on political map of the world?" analyses secession of Somaliland in historical and geopolitical context. Although its high level of internal sovereignty and satisfying criteria of statehood Somaliland remains unrecognized by any state. This thesis examines whether the secession of Somaliland is justifiable according to normative theories of secession and according to the claims of Somaliland representatives. Additionally, it focuses on approach of international community and causes of lack of international recognition.
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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in US National Security Policy. New Face of War of Terror
Matějka, Stanislav ; Raška, Francis (advisor) ; Anděl, Petr (referee)
The paper deals with the use of unmanned aircraft of the American national security policy. It examines the history of unmanned aviation, its military use, and cost- efficiency. It then examines the main obstacles and problems with their use in national security that this technology meets and will meet in the future after a higher level of autonomy is developed. These problems involve legal issues, international and domestic American law, the issue of civilian casualties, the role of the media, and public opinion. The final chapter focuses on the problems of technical, strategic and operational issues. In this section the research paper comes to the first conclusion which claims that the introduction of more autonomous systems to war will radically change its structure and, consequently, standard procedures and strategies. Case studies are included to illustrate how successful the drone strategy is applied in the five countries where the United States leads a war on terror. The research using the theory of the revolution in military affairs concludes that these UAVs pose the greatest challenge in history and it goes well beyond military matters. UAVs in national security affect the understanding of the basic principles of war in relation to the concepts of warrior ethos and just war.
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International actors and the concept of failed states: case study Somalia
Lubinová, Tereza ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
This master thesis deals with the approaches of international actors, especially UN, EU and USA, to the concept of failed states, which are demonstrated on the illustrative example of a state of this category, i.e. Somalia. We think of failed states as a security threat, with which the international community provisionally cannot deal. The master thesis discusses how the international actors deal with this issue in terms of its solution and how they think of the failed states in terms of sovereignty. On the selected case of Somalia it is subsequently illustrated that approaches of selected international actors are not very heterogeneous. The international community agrees to support the central government, although it is not recognized in the whole territory of the state, and endeavors to rebuild a functional state. Although the state is internally totally dysfunctional, its external sovereignty is still recognized.
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Somalia - Threat to the USA? Analysis of the U.S. Security Policy, 2001-2011
Matějka, Stanislav ; Bečka, Jan (advisor) ; Čížek, Martin (referee)
This thesis deals with the security threat of Somalia and the U.S. strategies applied to counter this threat primarily in the period 2001-2011. The first descriptive part discusses developments in Somalia in the years 1991-2011, with emphasis on instability and confusion in the country to outline the scope of the security threat landscape. The paper then deals with the phenomenon of "failed state", analyzes the nature of Somali piracy and discusses the strategies applied in the U.S. struggle with the Somali threat. In its final part the paper summarizes and critically evaluates the possible alternatives of American foreign policy for the future.
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Political Violence and the Concept of Failed State - Comparison between Iraq and Somalia
Nemešová, Lucie ; Slačálek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Jireš, Jan (referee)
There is recently growing interest, and also the political and academic debate connected to it, in the so called failed states. The problem of state failure in some of the world regions was securitized, particularly after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, and the failed states began being understood as a security threat by the international community. This change in perception of the failed states reflects the concerns that such states' areas could serve as a "safe havens" of various terrorist groups. This thesis focuses on the relation between state failure and political violence. There is no question that polical violence emerges in the failed states. Its most common form is the civil war which can be both the cause or the consequence of it. But this relation is not necessarily inevitable. The goal of this thesis is to clarify the contribution of the concept of failed state to the explanation of relation between state failure and political vilence and furthermore to inspect the concept's analytical value. This relation is illutrated on two case studies, Iraq and Somalia, and on their comparison.
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Maritime Piracy, its Suppression and Punishment
Štemberg, Milan ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Šturma, Pavel (referee)
The text Maritime Piracy, Its Suppression and Punishment, analyses piracy as a classical threat to international maritime traffic, which has reappeared after being considered obsolete in a majority of the world for several decades. The text first discusses general questions connected with piracy - a definition of piracy according to public international law is presented. Consequently, the factual side of piracy is presented, since piracy still is a topic not very well-known in the Western world. In the following part of the text, the tools provided by public international law for suppression of piracy are analyzed, as well as possible ways of prosecution of persons accused of piracy. The final part of the text discusses the case study of Somalia. In Somalia, piracy has become a threat to international peace as well as a severe hindrance to international maritime trade. Despite the effort of the international community, the public international law has yet to find adequate solutions for the problem of piracy in Somalia.
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