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Možnosti uplatnění technologií zakládání porostů polních plodin do nezpracované nebo částečně zpracované půdy v zemědělském podniku
Výmola, Ivo
The bachelor thesis focuses on the design and possibilities of using of minimum tillage systems, specifically strip tillage technology with simultaneous injection of fugate from biogas plant into the soil profile for maximum utilization of this fertilizer. In the theoretical part, emphasis is placed on the introduction of conventional tillage and the types of minimum tillage systems and the evaluation of their advantages, but also their possible negative impacts. The practical part focuses on the evaluation of the current technology of soil tillage and establishment of maize silage crops and its economic evaluation and the design of a new technology of strip tillage with simultaneous application of this fertilizer to the soil profile. This practical part is based on data from the enterprise Zemědělská akciová společnost Nivnice. Finally, an evaluation of the return on investment and the benefits of this technology for the enterprise was carried out.
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Soil erosion risk analysis in Sidama Region, southern Ethiopia
Bizunhe, Getie Balkie ; Martínek, Karel (advisor) ; Hroch, Tomáš (referee)
Soil erosion is one of the most important environmental issues in Ethiopia. Studies on erosional processes and soil loss rates can provide insight into the landscape evolution, climate change, and human activities, as well as on land degradation risk. The soil coverage of the Sidama Region study area, Main Ethiopian Rift, is characterized by Major Reference Soil Groups as follows: Luvisols, Cambisols, Nitisols, Vertisols, Andosols, Fluvisols, Regosols, and Leptosols. Cambisols and Luvisols are more susceptible to erosion. Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) is most developed and recently widely used algorithm which was used to map and estimate the spatial distribution of soil erosion rates in the study area. Two rainfall datasets and three soil structure datasets were tested for reliability. The resulting 6 RUSLE calculations were validated by field mapped polygons in selected areas. It showed that most reliable input datasets are new more complete rainfall data and soil structure data derived from field mapping and sample analysis. The most susceptible areas of soil loss are mapped and the mean soil loss rate in the study area is 28 t/ha/yr. The mean annual soil loss of Sidama study area is above the tolerable mean soil loss (18 t/ha/yr for Ethiopian highlands). The Revised Universal Soil Loss...
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Zvýšení udržitelnosti hospodaření v zájmovém území a navržení environmentálně šetrných opatření
BAŠTÝŘOVÁ, Klára
From a theoretical point of view, the bachelor's thesis analyzes the threat of soil erosion, the possibilities of monitoring and protection against erosion, and the motivation of farmers to protect the soil fund in the Czech Republic through the strategies of subsidy programs. Furthermore, from the point of view of practical application, the establishment of new stands of non-production areas and protective belts around water was proposed in the selected erosion-threatened area. As part of the LPIS, an anti-erosion measure was also proposed in the form of a linear biocorridor, the purpose of which, in addition to protecting the soil from soil erosion, is to expand and support local biodiversity.
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Porovnání PK a KN držby pozemků a posouzení erozního ohrožení při postupném zvětšování ploch orné půdy
KUBEŠ, Tomáš
This thesis deals with the topic of soil erosion on arable lands in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part consists of evolution of evidence of real estates in the Czech lands and furthemore, it describes the process of water erosion. In the second part of this thesis, the estates of Land Cadastre and Cadastre of Real Estate were compared in terms of erosion jeopardy. Based on the results, the impact of size of an estate on water erosion was evaluated.
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Determination of the threat to the archaeological site Bylany by water and tillage erosion of soil
Derková, Nikola ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Strouhalová, Barbora (referee)
The diploma thesis aims to determine the threat of archaeological site Bylany by soil erosion. Soil erosion was detected using a combination of field research and modeling in the WaTEM/SEDEM program. The results of the diploma thesis are beneficial to the knowledge of the rate of erosion and at the same time can be helpful in research and preservation of archaeological monuments. Based on a combination of erosion modeling and field investigation, the rate of erosion and accumulation in the locality was determined. Soil erosion was demonstrated at five studied sites out of a total of eight sites. Two sites showed questionable results and only one site showed accumulation of material with an average annual accumulation of 2,14 mm. The average annual value of soil erosion varied between 0,46 and 26,9 mm. A high intensity of soil erosion was demonstrated on the erosion model of water erosion also in the southern part of the slope, where the smaller roundel is located, but this could not be confirmed by field investigation as this roundel has not been studied and described by archaeologists. The ongoing soil erosion in the locality thus represents a significant threat to the Neolithic roundels in Bylany.
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Soil and terrain changes as a result of increased erosion and accumulation processes in selected locations
Votýpka, Jan ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Zádorová, Tereza (referee)
Soil and terrain changes as a result of increased erosion and accumulation processes in selected locations Abstract Colluvial soils are formed in areas with increased intensity of soil erosion. Colluvial soils originate as a result of their position in terrain, they are usually found in places where has accumulated erosion material. Very often they are to be found at the around of slopes. Their accumulation horizon is deeper than 25 cm with a great amount of organic carbon buried in it. In my diploma thesis I will attempt to take a closer look at three locations, each having different types of dominant soils. The aim of this diploma thesis is to rebuild the original shape of the terrain before the beginning of the soil erosion process. Keywords: colluvial soil, soil erosion, soil accumulation, land use, digital terrain model (DTM)
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Farmers perception of anti-erosion practices on arable land
Tyslová, Radka ; Braun Kohlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Pražan, Jaroslav (referee)
(in english): Modern agriculture faces soil erosion as one of its problems in the Czech Republic. Soil conservation practices are implemented to prevent erosion. This thesis reports on perception of the soil conservation practices by farmers themselves. Hypothesis of the research is based on declaration of organic farming in the Czech Republic: to specifically protect natural sources. Main research question is: Is there a difference in perception of soil conservation practices between certified organic farmers and farmers using conventional methods? As a concept to examine perception, this thesis uses the theory of planned behavior developed by Icek Ajzen. Results show that farmers' attitudes towards soil conservation practices in general are negative. Their attitudes can be explained by intermingling beliefs about erosion, the agriculture subsidy system and own soil quality. Specific practices are evaluated by other than anti-erosion effects. The farmers do not perceive social pressure from their peers to adopt soil conservation practices and their perceived control over adoption of a practice is low. Evaluating the level of difficulty of specific practices, smaller farmers feel substantial difficulties regarding financial issues. The results do not indicate a difference in perception of soil...
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Set of arrangements in Javornický stream floodplain for Rosnička pond water quality improvement
Špaček, Ondřej ; Hubačíková,, Věra (referee) ; Hyánková, Eva (advisor)
This thesis deals with the projection of water management and erosion control measures in the Javornický stream floodplain to improve water quality in the Rosnička pond near the town of Svitavy. In the teoretical part, the author summarized current practices in the areas of small river restorations and protection against soil erosion in the Czech Republic. In the practical part, the analasis of the area was first made, including the analysis of natural conditions, hydroecological monitoring of watercourses according to the HEM 2014 method and quantification of soil loss conditions according to the USLE method. Then, revitalization measures on the Javornický stream were designed to improve the self-purification of water and the restoration of ground water in the floodplain, as well as two variants of erosion control measures on agricultural areas to reduce the input of sediments into the hydrographic network. Finally, conceptual and technical recommendations for the implementation of these measures were formulated, as a basis for planning and decision-making of the political leadership of the town of Svitavy.
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Legal aspects of water retention in the landscape
Houžvičková, Markéta ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
Legal aspects of water retention in the landscape Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the legal aspects of water retention in the landscape in response to the current problems associated with impaired landscape retention capacity such as drought, erosion or floods. The author first outlines the factual and legal context of the issue, which is followed by an analysis of conceptual, administrative-legal and economic instruments of the Czech legal order that can improve water retention capabilities of the landscape. The diploma thesis analyses the relevant instruments of the Water Act, Forest Act, Act on the protection of agricultural land or Act on protection of nature and landscape. Consequently, it deals with the role of land-use planning, land consolidation and environmental impact assessment for the issue. The thesis includes comprehensive evaluation of the relevant legal regulation in terms of its effectiveness and possible proposals de lege ferenda.
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