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Genetická diverzita zástupců čeledi sezamovitých Pedaliaceae R.Br.
Šlampa, Vojtěch
The family Pedaliaceae belonging to the order Lamiales, described in 1810 by Robert Brown, is an important part of the tropical flora, which can be found mainly in Africa, Sou-theast Asia, and Australia. The family itself has 50 species and has not yet been studied very closely, except for the genus Sesamum and its representative Sesamum Indicum L., which is among the most important crops for food purposes. In this work, five representatives of the Pedaliaceae family were analyzed using the DNA barcoding method, using nuclear and chlo-roplast DNA regions, which served as a marker for their subsequent phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic classification. DNA isolation from plant samples, PCR, and DNA sequencing was performed to obtain plant DNA and the necessary results.
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Genetické markery pro druhovou identifikaci a studium genetické variability forenzně významných druhů masařek (Sarcophagidae).
JÁNOVÁ, Nicole
The aim of this thesis was to select and test molecular markers for species identification and detection of genetic variability of forensically important Flesh flies that are most common in the Czech Republic (Sarcophaga variegata, africa, noverca, carnaria, albiceps, incisilobata, lehmanni, argyrostoma, caerulescens). Both mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (ITS, EPIC) markers were successfully amplified and sequenced for this purpose. Bacteria Wolbachia was detected using the 16S marker.
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The method of DNA barcoding and its use in protists
Rotterová, Johana ; Čepička, Ivan (advisor) ; Fiala, Ivan (referee)
DNA barcoding is a molecular method of species identification based on short regions of DNA sequences. These DNA barcodes should be unique for each species. The sequences within species should be identical or very much alike, while between species they should display a significant amount of differences. The sequences of an undetermined specimen can be compared with sequences vouchered to a particular species in a global DNA barcode database. The database was developed with the aim to simplify traditional taxonomy, eliminate its problems and accelerate its approaches. However, DNA barcoding has its own limitations that may hinder achieving its original goals and a compliance with the concept. The aim of this bachelor thesis consists of explaning the evolution of DNA barcoding through time and assessing the importance of this method at present, particularly in protists. Species identification may be very difficult in many protist groups, which can be explained by several reasons. To appraise this method completely is a hard task, because creation of the database has not yet been finished and official DNA barcodes have not been chosed for many groups. We can only find out in the future, therefore i will only focus on factors that influence the success of DNA barcoding at present.
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Druhová identifikace páskovek (Cepaea) pomocí molekulárně-genetických metod
Dratvová, Lenka
This thesis deals with selection and verification of suitable mitochondrial markers for species identification of Cepaea molluscs. Optimisation of genomic DNA extraction method, PCR amplification using the 12S and 16S mitochondrial markers and automated sequencing of PCR products were performed. Data was evaluated using SeqScape Software v2.7, Sequence Scanner Software v1.0, MEGA7 programs and BLAST database. The aim of this thesis is to determinate whether the mitochondrial markers 12S and 16S are suitable for DNA barcoding of Cepaea.
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Forenzně významní zástupci řádu brouci (Coleoptera) vyskytující se na území České republiky
Wrzecionková, Nicole Elizabeth
The process of gradual settlement of the dead body by necrophagous insects plays an important role in forensic practice, especially when determining the time of death. This work deals with the decomposition of dead body of vertebrates, forensically important representatives from the order of Coleoptera in the Czech Republic. Experimental objects for our purposes were domestic pig and chicken. The research was realized from December 2017 to March 2019. During the study samples of larvae and adults were collected from the dead bodies and subsequently identified by anatomical-morphological and molecular-genetic methods. These methods were compared with each other. For research purposes was necessary to isolate the mitochondrial DNA, amplify the fragment of cytochrom c oxidase I (COI) gene by the PCR method and then sequencing it mitochondrial DNA. The BLAST and BOLD databases showed the same outputs and based on the results, the individuals were classified into individual families of the Coleoptera order.
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Variabilita mitochondriální DNA ve vztahu k druhové identifikaci živočichů
Suchá, Františka
Significant tools for identifying animals include molecular genetic methods, particularly DNA barcoding. The aim of this work is to describe methods of DNA barcoding, especially methods of amplification of cytochrom oxidase I (COI) gene. These methods were then used to identify and observe differences between specific examples of species from individual taxonomic groups. For this purpose, samples of insects from Brno and surroundings were collected as well as samples of hair from several selected species of domestic animals. From these samples, DNA was isolated from which the segment of the cytochrom oxidase I (COI) gene was subsequently amplified by PCR. Primers LCO1490/HCO2198 were used for this purpose. This was followed by sequencing and comparison of sequencing results with reference sequences in the databases. Of all 40 samples, 32 samples were amplified and amplification failed only in horsehair samples. The amplified fragments were sequenced successfully and all sequences were assigned to reference sequences in the databases.
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Methods for storing and archiving zoological tissue collections, and identification based on DNA barcoding
Aghová, Tatiana ; Benda, Petr ; Brejcha, Jindřich ; Dolejš, Petr ; Kyralová, Eva ; Mlíkovský, Jiří ; Moravec, Jiří ; Šanda, Radek ; Štundl, Jan ; Tkoč, Michal ; Vondráček, Dominik
Fulltext:  PDF; PDF; PDF; PDF
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Druhová identifikace u Lepidopter pomocí jaderných genů CAD a EF-1?
Wijacki, Jan
Biodiversity is an important element to conserve life on earth. We can divide it into three main categories: gene diversity, species diversity and the complex ecosystem diversity. In the world there are an estimated 10 million plant and animal species, but only about 1.5 million are described. DNA barcoding is a molecular method which helps to identify species by comparing the sequences of mitochondrial or nuclear genes. Within lime hawk-moth (Mimas tiliae) species could exist four different subspecies. The aim of this thesis is to verify usability of the nuclear genes CAD and EF-1a by the DNA barcoding method and to compare these results with the analysis of mitochondrial COI gene.
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Aplikace molekulárních metod na identifikaci nekrofágních zástupců řádu Diptera, typických pro Jihomoravský kraj
Mifková, Tamara
Necrophagous insects plays an important role, especially in forensic practice, especially in determining the time of death. This work was aimed to monitor necrophagous species of the Diptera order in selected localities of South Moravian Region - Rakvice and Sokolnice. Furthermore, these necrophagous species were identified with anatomical-morphological and molecular genetic methods, which have been compared to each other. For this purpose it was necessary to isolate a DNA segment and amplify cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene by the PCR method and with further processing to obtain the sequence of selected individuals from the mitochondrial genome. The results of the experiment more coincided with morphological identification database BOLD outputs than with outputs from the BLAST database. Anatomical and morphological identification cannot always accurately determine the genus and species necrophags, the assesment is not dependent not only on the development stage of the insect and its condition, but also on the expertise of the determinator. Most accurater results are achieved with use the combination of anatomical and morphological and molecular-genetic methods of determination, which is confirmed by the results of this thesis.
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The method of DNA barcoding and its use in protists
Rotterová, Johana ; Čepička, Ivan (advisor) ; Fiala, Ivan (referee)
DNA barcoding is a molecular method of species identification based on short regions of DNA sequences. These DNA barcodes should be unique for each species. The sequences within species should be identical or very much alike, while between species they should display a significant amount of differences. The sequences of an undetermined specimen can be compared with sequences vouchered to a particular species in a global DNA barcode database. The database was developed with the aim to simplify traditional taxonomy, eliminate its problems and accelerate its approaches. However, DNA barcoding has its own limitations that may hinder achieving its original goals and a compliance with the concept. The aim of this bachelor thesis consists of explaning the evolution of DNA barcoding through time and assessing the importance of this method at present, particularly in protists. Species identification may be very difficult in many protist groups, which can be explained by several reasons. To appraise this method completely is a hard task, because creation of the database has not yet been finished and official DNA barcodes have not been chosed for many groups. We can only find out in the future, therefore i will only focus on factors that influence the success of DNA barcoding at present.
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