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Cognitive training as a part of physiotherapy for patiens after stroke.
ZACHAŘOVÁ, Judita
The topic of my bachelor thesis is "Cognitive training as a part of physiotherapy for patiens after stroke". Stroke is a serious neurological disease, that is characterized by high percentages of invalidity and also mortality. It is caused by a vascular disorder and it is characterized by specific symptoms. A big part of population suffer from this disease and it is also common among the younger ones. The main goal of this thesis was to describe the problem of stroke and also the problem of its influence on cognitive functions. Another goal was to suggest, implement and evaluate physiotherapeutic procedures with elements of cognitive training used in selected patients. The theoretical part contains a description of stroke problems with its manifestations, impacts and treatment possibilities of this disease. Subsequently the possibilities of individual cognitive functions, cognitive deficit, treatment, cognitive training and rehabilitation together with motor-cognitive training and testing are described. The practical part was made by qualitative research, which was performed on three patients after stroke with cognitive deficit, who were hospitalized at the Rehabilitation Department of Hospital České Budějovice a.s. The research included kinesiological and neurological analysis and testing of cognitive functions. According to obtained results an individual short-term and long-term rehabilitation plan was made for the patients. Physiotherapy with elements of cognitive training lasted for two weeks at the department. The therapy was successful for all patients and showed an improvement in motor functions in affected limbs and in walking stereotype. Cognitive functions also showed an improvement according to the results of the Mini-Mental State Examination.
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Occupational Therapy During Hospitalization of Alcohol-dependent Persons:Proposing Therapeutic Program for the Rehabilitation of Cognitive Functions
Gašparová, Pavlína ; Rodová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Pluhaříková-Pomajzlová, Jana (referee)
DIPLOMA THESIS ABSTRACT Name, Surname: Bc. Pavlína Gašparová Thesis supervisor: Bc. Zuzana Rodová, M.Sc. Title of the Diploma Thesis: Occupational Therapy During Hospitalization of Alcohol- dependent Persons: Proposing Therapeutic Program for the Rehabilitation of Cognitive Functions Abstract: This diploma thesis is focused on the matter of rehabilitation of cognitive functions in alcohol-dependent persons. Main aim of the thesis is to design and evaluate a therapeutic program focused on the most frequently damaged cognitive functions in persons with alcohol dependence. Secondary objectives of this thesis are to create materials for parts of program and to find out how satisfied patients are with the program. Theoretical part of the thesis contains general knowledge concerning alcohol dependence and cognitive functions. Attention is also paid to the issue of brain damage due to alcohol dependence and related cognitive rehabilitation. At the end of the theoretical part, possibilities of occupational therapy intervention in the field of addictology and current state of occupational therapy in addictology care in the Czech Republic are presented. Practical part of the thesis includes a design of a therapeutical program for the rehabilitation of cognitive functions and four case studies to evaluate its impact...
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The Mapping of a Relation between Cognitive Functions and Intelligence in Persons with Schizophrenia
Šimonová, Miriama ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
Nowadays, an intelligence is a widely applied concept. The authors' opinions on its possible unification with or strict separation from the specific cognitive functions vary throughout different fields of psychology. Simultaneously, schizophrenia is a mental disorder, which is often connected to a cognitive deficit. Its assessment is usually realized on an estimation of the intelligence level. The aim was to explore how the estimation of intelligence corresponds with a cognitive profile of a patient with schizophrenia. This purpose is firstly being attained by a description of various views and theoretical objects, for instance core characteristics of a schizophrenia, a description of intelligence and selected cognitive functions. The empirical part is focused on an exploration of the relationship between a cognitive profile and the estimation of actual and premorbid intelligence of a patient with schizophrenia. A total of 120 persons with a diagnose F20 were included in this study. A cognitive profile was assessed with the usage of MATRICS battery and the intelligence levels were evaluated by selected WASI tests and Czech reading test (CRT). Results indicates that despite the level of premorbid and actual intelligence level was identified within the normal range, respondents evinced a cognitive...
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Effect of dizocilpine on behavioral strategies of rats in the place avoidance task
Antošová, Eliška ; Valeš, Karel (advisor) ; Frynta, Daniel (referee)
Non-competitive antagonists of NMDA receptors can induce psychomimetic effects - they can cause schizophrenia-like behavior in healthy volunteers. MK-801 is such an agent. It is often used to model schizophrenia-like behavior in experimental animals. On the other hand, non-competitive antagonists of NMDA receptors show antidepressant effects both in patients suffering from depression and in animal models. Currently, cognitive deficit is considered to be a crucial symptom of the schizophrenia. Cognitive coordination is a process distinguishing irrelevant and relevant stimuli. A disruption of this process could play a pivotal role in cognitive deficit in schizophrenia. Active Allothetic Place Avoidance task (AAPA) could be a useful tool to study this phenomenon. In this task an animal has to distinguish between two spatial (reference) frames, whereas one of them is irrelevant and the other is relevant. The aims of my diploma thesis were: to study 1) behavioral strategies of laboratory rats in AAPA task and 2) effect of MK-801 on behavioral strategies and cognitive efficiency of rats in this task. The rats demonstrated two different strategies in the AAPA task. The first strategy was an active avoidance of an aversive sector; the second one was "freezing" with minimal active movement on the arena. Application...
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The impact of working memory training on fluid intelligence in young-old adults
Štěpánková, Hana ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Holmerová, Iva (referee) ; Smolík, Filip (referee)
Description and explanation of a natural decline of cognitive functions during ontogenetic aging laid in a century of its history grounds for various experiments trying to find wals to slow down or revoke theis process of decline. One of the cognitive domains that has been gaining ever stronger attention among neuroscientists is working memory, which is interconnected with other functions, especially with attention, executive function and fluid intelligence. So far, there has not been reached a consensus regarding a model of working memory. Nevertheless, there are many efforts to describe it, to explain its role within cognitive processes, and to enhance performance. They resulted in various complex and also specialized interventions that are used also in studies focused on older persons. This study adds to the body of literature on transfer effects of working memory training in young-old persons (age 65-75 years; N=65). It is a randomized controlled study with 2 intervened and 1 passive control groups. The goal was to find about an effect of different numbers of training lessons (10 or 20 in 5 weeks) with a computer-based adaptive visually presented verbal n-back, on latent variables of working memory and fluid intelligence. The results showed an ability of older people to significantly improve their...
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Test of object permanence in primates
Gálik, Michal ; Nekovářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Špinka, Marek (referee)
5 ABSTRACT Object permanence is a cognitive ability to perceive the continuous existence of objects, even if they cannot be directly observed, respectively perceived by other senses (Piaget 1954). In humans object permanence develops in 6 qualitatively different stages. By using a comparative approach, it was found that the last stage 6 of this ability also occurs in great apes, gibbons and some New World monkeys (capuchin, marmoset and tamarin). In this study, we conducted a study with a series of invisible displacements of an object, in which we investigated whether two rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) have fully developed the ability of object permanence and don't rely on simple alternative cognitive strategies, while solving the different tasks. With one test subject, we confirmed that he solved the tasks with stage 6 object permanence abilities. Although the second individual reached significant performance in some sessions, the overall results are ambiguous, because during the testing he had a tendency to use simple alternative strategies. Our study concludes that under certain circumstances macaques have the cognitive capacity for a fully developed ability of object permanence. Key words: Object permanence, rhesus macaque, invisible displacement, cognitive functions
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Behavioral expression of pain in rats
Zámečník, Jakub ; Vaculín, Šimon (advisor) ; Boukalová, Štěpána (referee)
The aim of this work is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the behavioral expressions of pain in rat. The work is focused on rats, because they are one of the most used laboratory animals, and may experience pain in some experiments. Behavioral expressions of pain were selected, because they are quite easily recognizable and measurable. The reader will be first acquainted with the necessary basics associated with the phenomenon of pain, with its conception in animals, with classification, physiology and for example with the ways in which are in rats experimentally induced pain. Then in the second part, there are shown individual behavioral expressions with examples in which cases were these manifestations observed. So everyone who is interested can learn something about pain in connection with the avoidance reaction, pose, appearance, specific movements of rat, vocalization, changes in eating and drinking, changes in activity, anxiety, cognitive functions and many other expressions. The work can be valuable contribution for all workers with animals and with its character can contribute to animal welfare. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Cognitive sequelae from methanol poisoning
Bernášková, Lucie ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
This thesis focuses on cognitive functions in patients after methanol poisoning. The theoretical part consists of a description of methanol, characteristics of methanol poisoning and its neurological sequelae. Methanol poisoning affects the basal ganglia, therefore we describe them and their role in cognitive processes. The theoretical part also describes a case of mass methanol poisoning in the Czech Republic in 2012-2013. The practical part compares results of a control group and a group of patients poisoned with methanol in cognitive assessment. Results show that the patients after methanol poisoning have significantly lower scores in tasks testing memory and executive functions than the control group.
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