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The Importance of Circadian Rhythms in Humans with a Focus on Adolescents
Kolářová, Michaela ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
The aim of the presented diploma thesis is a detailed outline of the meaning of circadian rhythms in adolescence. Circadian rhythms appear in early childhood, but undergo many changes during lifetime. While in early childhood the waking and sleeping cycle shifts to an earlier time, during adolescence it is quite the opposite and the cycle is shifted a few hours later and in older age the cycle even returns to an earlier state. Adolescence is associated with the most significant changes and increased demands on study, independence and generally more overload at the expense of quality and adeqaute sleep, which not only causes circadian rhythms to dissipate and shift dramatically, which such as health. For adolescents, the delayed phase is naturally correlated with sexual development, with sleep patterns being controlled by the biological component. Respecting physiological changes in adolescence and striving for institutional changes seem to be the most appropriate therapies instead of forcing patterns basen on institutional and parental needs, which only undermines adolescent body chemistry, results in insufficient and poor quality sleep for functioning and healthy physiological development of adolescents.
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Blue light-blocking glasses and their effect on sleep quality parameters
Honzíková, Anna ; Levínská, Kateřina (advisor) ; Kolář, Jáchym (referee)
This study focused on sleep and the influence of blue light on sleep quality parameters. The experiment has been set up into a four-week research divided into two phases. Both phases were two weeks long. The first phase was without blue light blocking glasses, and the second phase with the glasses. We also worked with a Garmin smartwatch, sleep diary and standardized Pittsburgh Sleep Index questionnaire (filled out before and after the experiment). Parameters have been collected from a smartwatch (average heart rate, duration of sleep, duration of REM and NREM sleep, time of falling asleep, number of awakenings per night and stress levels), sleep diary (body temperature during night/morning, subjective quality of sleep and tiredness during the) and the Pittsburgh questionnaire. During the phase with glasses, probands had to wear them at least 90 minutes before sleeping. They could take them off only in a room without any artificial light. Every day probands filled up their sleep diary and entered information from their smartwatch. After the experiment, the data from both phases were processed and compared. Statistically significant parameters (p ≤ 0.05) were average heart rate, body temperature measured in the morning, number of awakenings per night, subjective sleep quality, results of a...
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Examination of circadian rhythm and light hygiene with focus on shift workers
TESKA, Andrej
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to summarize the existing knowledge about circadian rhythm, sleep, the role and importance of melatonin in the human body, the causes and consequences of circadian rhythm disruption and the possibilities of its strengthening for the best health and vitality. The thesis is designed as a literature search and is based mainly on foreign studies in this field, however, a lot of information is supplemented by Czech authors. Health in the 21st century is an absolutely complex value, which should also be looked at comprehensively. All possible aspects of the erosion of health, which are often overlooked, should be examined. The themes developed in this paper focus on the growing awareness that we ignore the circadian and sleep systems at our peril. It is the disruption of the circadian rhythm that, according to many studies, brings about health ailments in our time. Indeed, a large number of studies confirm that it is the breakdown of circadian rhythms that is behind many of the diseases that manifest in the modern world. This paper summarizes both the mechanisms of circadian rhythm functioning and its major disruptors and potential risk factors associated with various types of diseases. It provides new insights into how to care for our health in a holistic way that is as sustainable as possible.
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Eating habits of shiftworkers
KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ, Martina
The bachelor thesis contains a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part describes basic diet components, a large part is dedicated to circadian rhythm and its influence on our health. Health risks connected to shiftwork are also mentioned. Further, a hormone known as melatonin that plays a significant role in our sleep, is described. The objective of this bachelor thesis was to map out eating habits of people whose work is run in shifts. The survey was processed using a qualitative method. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews with questions prepared beforehand and a record of weekly diet plans. Interviews were carried out with 10 individuals of medical staff whose work run in 12 full-hour shifts. The results prove that individuals working in shifts include meat and dairy products most often as the source of protein. Protein intake is higher during day shift. Intake of carbohydrates most often comes from bread and side dishes that are a part of meals. Intake of legumes is seldom included in the respondents´ diets. During night shift, smaller portions are consumed and intake of liquids is higher during day shift. Out of the informants´ diet plans we found out that intake of fiber is low. Snacks usually consist of fruit, dairy products or bread and something. The survey has proven that lunch offer is taken advantage of by an insignificant number of informants, dinner is taken advantage of in a minimum of cases. We have also found out that most informants consume food up to midnight during night shifts and until the end of their shift they consume only liquids. Energetic drinks are not an important part of drinking regime in shiftwork. Coffee intake is higher during day shift. The results of this bachelor thesis may serve both, the lay and expert public. Creating an informative leaflet with ditary habit recommendations is a part of this thesis.
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Sleep hygiene of students of Charles University FPES
Beranová, Tereza ; Majorová, Simona (advisor) ; Nováková, Pavlína (referee)
Title: Sleep Hygiene of Students of Charles University FPES Objectives: The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to find out to what extent students of bachelor's programs at Charles University FPES (Faculty of Physical Education and Sport) adhere to the principles of sleep hygiene. Methods: I used the poll method for data collection for the practical part of the bachelor's thesis. The poll of my own design was created via Google Forms. The data were converted to the Microsoft Excel 2010. The basic procedures of descriptive statistics were applied to process the data. The research was focused on a group of students of full-time bachelor's programs at Charles University FPES. Results: The poll results showed that most students only partially follow sleep hygiene. Only 12 (10.3 %) students out of 116 (100 %) participators adhere to almost all recommended sleep hygiene principles. For the rest of the students, it was recommended to eliminate negative factors affecting sleep. Keywords: sleep, insomnia, sleep disorders, regeneration, addictive substances, circadian rhythm, EEG
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The influence of circadian rhythms on the origin, course and treatment of human psychical disorders
Kititi, Tina ; Šolc, Roman (advisor) ; Škubica, Patrik (referee)
Circadian rhythms control several major functions in our body. Today's hectic lifestyle could damage circadian rhythms and also trigger a number of negative conditions that are predictors of psychical disorders. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are classified as serious mental disorders with a recurrent course and frequent long-term to lifelong treatment. Disruption of circadian rhythms has been shown to worsen the symptoms of these psychical disorders and increase their relapse rates. The disrupted circadian rhythms have the greatest impact on sleep patterns and differential rhythms of hormone production. Many studies suggest chronobiological treatment as a possible adjunctive treatment to conventional treatment with antidepressants and antipsychotics. The main goal of chronobiological treatment is to return the circadian rhythm to its correct original state. Although there is some association between circadian rhythms and the pathophysiology of psychical disorders, its exact role is not clearly understood. Key words: circadian rhythms, psychical disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, sleep
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The Importance of Circadian Rhythms in Humans with a Focus on Adolescents
Kolářová, Michaela ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
The aim of the presented diploma thesis is a detailed outline of the meaning of circadian rhythms in adolescence. Circadian rhythms appear in early childhood, but undergo many changes during lifetime. While in early childhood the waking and sleeping cycle shifts to an earlier time, during adolescence it is quite the opposite and the cycle is shifted a few hours later and in older age the cycle even returns to an earlier state. Adolescence is associated with the most significant changes and increased demands on study, independence and generally more overload at the expense of quality and adeqaute sleep, which not only causes circadian rhythms to dissipate and shift dramatically, which such as health. For adolescents, the delayed phase is naturally correlated with sexual development, with sleep patterns being controlled by the biological component. Respecting physiological changes in adolescence and striving for institutional changes seem to be the most appropriate therapies instead of forcing patterns basen on institutional and parental needs, which only undermines adolescent body chemistry, results in insufficient and poor quality sleep for functioning and healthy physiological development of adolescents.
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Circadian regulation of sleep during ontogenesis in humans
Grieblová, Adéla ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Soták, Matúš (referee)
The circadian system has evolved as an adaptation to periodically changing conditions on Earth. In mammals, and therefore in humans, the circadian system consists of the central and perip- heral oscillators generating a circadian rhythm. One of the most significant process exhibiting circadian rhythm is the sleep-wake cycle. Sleep is regulated by cooperation of circadian and homeostatic process. There are changes in circadian regulation of sleep during ontogenesis in human. The changes mainly releate to chronotype, i.e., to the diurnal preferences of activity and sleep. In the first years of life, there is a typical morning chronotype. In the end of first decade of life, the circadian phase begins to delay and reaches its maximal eveningness during ado- lescence. In adulthood, the preference changes again toward morning chronotype and reaches extreme morningness in elderly. Changes in circadian regulation of sleep during ontogenesis depend not only on age, but also on sex. 1
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