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A. Pinochet Dictatorship - rise to power and the end of his career
Husáková, Gabriela ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Machart, Filip (referee)
Bachelor thesis "A. Pinochet Dictatorship - rise to power and the end of his career" focuses on the coup in 1973 and the establishment of democratic regime, as well as its downfall and subsequent democratization process with emphasis on the role that General Augusto Pinochet played this period of Chilean history. With respect to the main objective of this work, that is to introduce the method and conditions which onset Pinochet to power and his influence on foreign and domestic policy, major part of the work is focused primarily on the conditions and the course of a military coup, internal and external policies, the constitution of 1980 and the subsequent plebiscite in 1988, which caused Pinochet's downfall. Following part is dedicated to the role of the opposition, the description of campaigns for the plebiscite and developments during the period of democratization, when Pinochet gradually withdraws from the political sphere. The first part deals with the Chilean political system before the onset of dictatorship, including a description of the Allende's government, whose problems caused the military coup and the formal incorporation of Pinochet's regime, according to political scientist Juan Linz. Further the regime itself is specified, especially the economic and foreign policy of the regime. The...
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Czechoslovak-Chilean relations in the years 1960 - 1990
Terešková, Barbora ; Opatrný, Josef (advisor) ; Binková, Simona (referee)
The topic of this diploma thesis is the Czechoslovak-Chilean diplomatic and business relations in the 1960s - 1990s. Even though I am focussing on the period 1960s - 1990s Sixties, I decided to include in this thesis also the previous periods from 1945, which were in my opinion very important for a greater understanding of the whole topic. Whereas it is impossible to study this topic without any general introduction about the history of the Czechoslovak diplomacy, the first chapter is dedicated to it. The next part of the thesis is focused on the diplomatic and business relationships of the mentioned countries. This part of the thesis is divided into four periods which are determined by specific years, which were critical for the history of the Czechoslovak-Chilean diplomatic relationships. As the Chilean-Czechoslovak institute was hugely important in the history of the Czechoslovak-Chilean relationship, it has been included in this thesis as a separate chapter.
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Collective Trauma and Identity Struggle: Underground Factors of the 2019 South American Demonstration Waves
Franck, Gabrielle ; Ditrych, Ondřej (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
Collective trauma infuences the political scene in an often unnoticed way. By focusing on the cases of Argentina and Chile, this study analyses which consequences traumas, experienced simultaneously by a collective, may have over time on generations, the state and its institutions. Linking it with social mobilizations, it outlines how the updating of perceptions, having emerged through the narration of stories of the past, creates distrust towards the state's institutions. This, in turn, increases the likeliness of mobilizations and violent outbreak within them. Interactions between the crowd and institutions such as the police, the military or other political actors could thus change with the depictions' elder generations make of them. These descriptions themselves, as this study shows, are shaped according to one's own experiences, past and present. Through a mixed methodology of quantitative and qualitative tools, this thesis aims to underline how the new generations, having not lived these times, may still be affected by their elders' collective traumatic experiences. While social, economic and political reasons may trigger the rise of mobilizations within a country, collective traumas, and the ensuing perceptions they produce, will be described as an underlying factor, preparing the perfect...
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Washington Consensus in Latin America
Volfová, Kateřina ; Kučerová, Irah (advisor) ; Parízek, Michal (referee)
In order to restart economic growth in Latin America after the so-called "lost decade," most countries in the late 1980s began implementing neoliberal reforms aimed at economic transformation. The most important economic rules, which were summarized by John Williamson and named Washington consensus, aimed at providing macroeconomic stability and much needed economic growth. At first, the transition to market economy seemed successful. After years of economic stagnation, the economy began to grow again, inflation was reduced, privatization provided much needed funds to the state treasuries and the attention of foreign investors turned towards the region. However, the initial success did not last long. Economic growth was far smaller, than what was originally expected, and many countries were failing in dealing with unemployment, poverty, and growing income inequality. Growing scepticism was then fuelled by a series of economic crises in the second half of the 1990s. Comparing the impact of neoliberal reforms on the economies of individual countries is problematic because the way in which they were carried out has differed in many countries. Countries have undergone reforms at different time, different speed and with different intensity. The scope of the implemented reforms also differed. In the...
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Pracovní migrace a ekonomický růst Chile
Šmídová, Nikola
The economic development of a country depends on many factors, such as resources, country strategies, and labour force. Exploring the correlation between economic deve-lopment, regional disparities and migration is constantly in the interest of not only state authorities but also entrepreneurs and foreign investors. Chile ranks among the most advanced and economically strongest countries of the South America. Santiago de Chile, located in the Metropolitan Region, is the dominant area of Chile due to the country’s size and geographical location. Santiago de Chile is not only the capital city of Chile but also the largest and fastest-growing city in the whole country. Major industries, trade and services are situated there. Therefore, people mostly migrate to this main area, which causes many social problems. Based on a current situation analysis, the thesis proposes concrete suggestions for improvement.
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United States foreign policy towards Argentina and Chile during the Kissinger's era (1969-1977)
Zboženská, Lucie ; Calda, Miloš (advisor) ; Raška, Francis (referee)
United States in the 1970's are often seen mainly in connection with the Vietnam War, the normalization of the USSR relationship and the establishment of diplomatic relations with China. At the time, American foreign policy was primarily concerned about the possible spread of the influence of the USSR and the possible emergence of the "second Cuba". H. Kissinger, R. Nixon, and G.Ford were well aware of the weakening position of US power abroad and the deteriorating domestic economic and political situation. It was part of the constantly prolonging war in Vietnam, the home scene was shaken by Watergate, which led to the resignation of R.Nixon in 1974. The US could not afford to start another military conflict. Their policy therefore took the form of indirect, hidden interventions (with the help of the CIA) and economic support of their allies. They also supplied weapons and provided training to soldiers of those countries whom they considered to be allies. Support for the Latin-American right-wing regimes was the result of the pragmatic approach of the American politicians I mentioned previously. It was a way to prevent the military intervention in the region, which was increasingly profiled by the anti-American way of thinking. It was based on the belief that the US security interests would be best...
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The image of Czechoslovakia after the coup d'etat of 1973 in Chile and the Czechoslovakian propaganda against the Chilean military regime
Hartman, Matouš ; Opatrný, Josef (advisor) ; Buben, Radek (referee)
The following thesis deals with the question of ideological conflict between the Eastern Bloc and the Chilean military junta. The author of the thesis investigates the media portrayal of Czechoslovakia in Chile and analyses the Czechoslovak media propaganda against the Chilean military government. The qualitative analysis is accompanied by the memories of four Czechs who lived in Chile during the period. The main focus is on the years 1973, 1988 and 1989. The first year marks the beginning of the military dictatorship, the year of the biggest shock. The years 1988 and 1989 mark the end of the nondemocratic governments in both countries, Chile and Czechoslovakia. The daily journals chosen for the analysis were the most important newspapers in the countries of interest. These were El Mercurio and La Segunda in Chile, and Rudé právo and Mladá fronta in Czechoslovakia. The media analysis is accompanied by interviews with Milan Syruček, the foreign editor at Mladá fronta (1973), and Bohuslav Borovička, a Rudé právo reporter in Havana who travelled to Chile in 1988. The thesis offers a theoretical part with a summary of modern Chilean history and the question of ideologies in the Latin American state. There was conservative anticommunism with roots already at the beginning of the 20th century. On the...
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