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Esophageal achalasia - etiology, pathophysiology and treatment.
Vacková, Zuzana ; Martínek, Jan (advisor) ; Balihar, Karel (referee) ; Rejchrt, Stanislav (referee)
Background: Achalasia is a primary esophageal motility disorder that can be classified into three types (I-III) based on high-resolution manometry (HRM). Exact pathogenesis is unknown, but immune-mediated processes and genetic predisposition play a role, which is supported by finding of a genetic risk variant (rs28688207 insertion) in HLA-DQB1 gene that is strongly associated with achalasia. Per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has become a standard treatment for achalasia, but the long-term efficacy, safety and impact on esophageal physiology are not fully understood. The aims of our studies were to perform the first genotype-phenotype analysis investigating the frequency of rs28688207 accross three HRM types of achalasia, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of POEM and to assess the post-POEM esophageal motility patterns. Patients and methods: These were three retrospective studies of prospectively collected data. Genotyping of the rs2868827 insertion was performed using real-time PCR in 347 patients from Czech Republic (n = 163), Germany (n = 114), Greece (n = 70). The efficacy and safety of POEM were evaluated in 133 patients treated in our center. The post-POEM esophageal motility was assessed using the Chicago Classification in 237 patients in whom HRM was performed prior to and after POEM....
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Early Stage Worker in Helping Profession
JIROUTOVÁ, Kristýna
The presented bachelor thesis deals with helping profession and the first year of practicing the profession, namely the profession of psychologist. The theoretical part explains and defines the basic concepts related to this issue: helping profession; prosocial behavior, specifically altruism and empathy; helping; ethics in a helping profession, competence in the helping profession and supervision. The empirical part of the bachelor thesis is based on a psychology student's journal, which maps her first year of work in a psychiatric hospital. Journal entries were analyzed using the open coding. From the open coding came the following categories: relationship with colleagues, relationship to patients, relationship to the institution and problems the student had to deal with during the practice. The main subject of the study was how is changing student's style of work with patients and her view on the role of helping profession during the first year of practice. Data analysis has shown a certain naivety of the early stage worker in the helping profession and the subsequent transition to a realistic view of the helping profession. The results are always described using this scale, naivety reality.
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Analýza exprese tyrosinové aminotransferázy a 4-hydroxyfenylpyruvát dioxygenázy v klíštěcích tkáních a vývojových stádiích pomocí RT-qPCR
PLAČKOVÁ, Barbora
Blood-feeding arthropods acquire and digest vast amounts of host blood meal, which often exceeds their body volume up to 100 times. Blood protein hydrolysis liberates amino acids which are recycled for de novo protein synthesis or are further catabolised. Transcripts encoding enzymes of tyrosine catabolism were found to be substantially enriched in digestive tract of blood-feeding hemipteran Rhodnius prolixus. This catabolic pathway was validated as a drug target by RNAi and viability assay with available inhibitors. In this bachelor thesis, I identified homologues of two genes encoding the first two enzymes of tyrosine catabolism, tyrosine aminotransferase and hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, in the Ixodes ricinus tick and characterised their tissue expression patterns. Using RNAi, it was confirmed that HPPD is essential for tick survival after detachment of the host.
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Assessment of coffee production and trade in Uganda
Bamwesigye, Dastan
The study assesses some effects on factors on coffee production and export in Uganda, examines the economic effect of trade liberalization of the coffee subsector in Uganda, and nonetheless establishes the different types of ties used for coffee development in East African region as well. The study employed both Regression and Correlation methods to analyse the data collected from the coffee value chain, Regulators, and the farmer families. Analysis of a time series data on production, export, world prices and domestic consumption data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and Uganda Coffee Development Authority (UCDA) was done using ordinary least squares (OLS). The results illustrated that coffee production and the world price index have a positive relationship with coffee exports in Uganda. Nonetheless, indicated an inverse relationship between domestic coffee consumption and exports. The study further shows that coffee exports, domestic consumption and world price have a positive relationship with production. The research findings show that there are statistically significant relationships between Family Ties and Coffee development in Uganda (r= -0.038, p-value< 0.025 (=0.822)), Farm to Farm ties (Beta=-0.304, t=-2.253p<0.025 (=0.014)), and Friendship Ties and Coffee development (r= -0.222, p-value< 0.025 (=0.048)) respectively. The study recommends that the government of Uganda as a matter of urgency implement the existing coffee policies and if necessary, make some modifications to improve production and promote the product on the international markets for more competitiveness and maximum earnings.
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The energy expenditure at critically ill patients
Švrčková, Alexandra ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Havel, Eduard (referee)
The aim of this study was to determine energy expenditure and to find relations between resting energy expenditure (REE) and selected parameters in 14 polytraumatic patients in the ICU of University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, which were easily measurable and usable for REE prediction. In this study 7 men (age 36 ± 18 years) and 7 women (age 58 ± 28 years) with polytrauma were examined. The assessment of REE was measured via indirect calorimetry (IC) method. The examination also included bioimpedance analysis (BIA). BIA was useful especially for obtaining values of overhydration (OH), lean tissue mass (LTM) and metabolically active body cell mass (BCM). Average REE-IC (measured by IC) was 2116 ± 516 kcal·day-1 in men and 1450 ± 407 kcal·day-1 in women (P = 0.018). Statistically significant difference between men's and women's population was also found in these relations: calculation of basal energy expenditure according to Harris-Bennedict equation without (P = 0.001) and with deduction of OH from body weight (P = 0.001), at "breathing energy expenditure" (REE related to respiratory rate) (P = 0.018) and at (REE related to heart rate) "heart rate energy expenditure" (P = 0.038). REE-IC related to kilogram of BCM with and without deduction of overhydration was shown as statistically significant...
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Kinetic determination of nitrites with spectrophotometric detection
Vašíčková, Pavla ; Nesměrák, Karel (advisor) ; Rychlovský, Petr (referee)
Title: Kinetic determination of nitrites with spectrophotometric detection Annotation: The proposal and optimization of the kinetic determination of nitrites in water samples is the aim of this bachelor thesis. The method is based on the ability of nitrites to catalyze the oxidation of toluidine blue by bromate in acidic media. The course of the reaction is monitored by spectrophotometrically, using a decrease of the absorbance band at 653 nm in the constant period of time from the beginning of the reaction. The dual-chanel manifolds FIA apparatus was proposed and optimized. The calibration dependency in the range of 0,05-1,00 mg ml-1 was measured. The instrumental limit of detection of 0,038 mg ml-1 and limit of quantification of 0,125 mg ml-1 were calculated. The method was applied on real sample of river water. Key words: nitrites, flow-injection analysis, kinetic catalytic methods
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Explant cultures of Higher plants 27
Kostřiba, Jan ; Dušková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Tůmová, Lenka (referee)
Kostřiba J.: In vitro cultures of higher plants XXVII. Diploma Paper, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, 2007, p. 61 The work aimed at biotransformation of exogenous precursors of arbutin with in vitro cultures of Centella asiatica (L.). The precursors of arbutin were added into the medium (hydroquinone, tyrosine, p-coumaric acid, hydroxybenzoic acid). The precursors were used in a concentration of 200 mg/l and the period of their action was 6, 12, 24, 48 and 168 hours (1 week). The cultivation of calluses was created by two different ways - by suspension culture and by culture cultivated on the filter-paper bridge. The cultivation was prosecuted on the light. Positive results (both TLC and HPLC analysis) in arbutin production were obtained in all suspension cultures after an addition of hydroquinone. The largest amount of arbutin in callus cultures was measured after a 48 hours cultivation (0,043 %). After a 168 hours cultivation was amount of arbutin only 0,038 %. In this experimental variant arbutin was also released into the medium (0,096 %). Biotransformation experiments with the others precursors of arbutin were not successful. The way of cultivation by the filter-paper bridges was also unsuccessful.
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The changes of imagination-portrait of the city by using digital technologies in the context of analog media
Poláková, Sylva ; Dolanová, Lenka (referee) ; Hanáková, Petra (advisor)
1 Filosofická fakulta UK v Praze Katedra filmových studií Proměny imaginace-portrétu města vlivem digitálních technologií v kontextu analogových médií Vedoucí diplomové práce Autorka práce PhD. Petra Hanáková Sylva Poláková Praha 2006 2 Prohlášení: Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatně a uvedla jsem v ní všechny použité prameny a literaturu. V Praze dne 27. srpna 2006. Sylva Poláková Rooseveltova 47 Praha 6 3 Poděkování: Na tomto místě bych chtěla poděkovat své vedoucí diplomové práce PhD. Petře Hanákové za její kritické poznámky i trpělivý přístup. 4 OBSAH 006 Úvod 013 Městský film nebo portrét velkoměsta? 018 Flâneur 018 Kdo je tedy flâneur? 027 Flâneurské zkušenosti mění způsob dívání se 031 Zrození flâneura ve filmovém příkladu: Alexander Hackenschmied, Bezúčelná procházka 033 Flâneuse 033 Neexistující flâneuse 038 Pátrání po flâneuse a její přínos flânerii 041 Vnímání velkoměst v raném filmu: fobie a modernistické utopie 041 Městské fobie v narativním filmu dvacátých let - uliční filmy a kammerspiel 046 Nadšení prvních městských filmů: Walter Ruttmann, Berlín, symfonie velkoměsta 051 Dziga Vertov, Muž s kinoaparátem 055 Osvětlení - prodloužení flâneurova dne a ohrožení jeho svobody: Svatopluk Innemann, Praha v záři světel 060 Urbanistické vize v didakticko-osvětových a...
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The Effect of Oregano Essential Oil on Microbial Load, Drying Kinetics and Sensory Atributes of Dried Meat
Hernandez Hernandez, Helga Johana ; Banout, Jan (advisor) ; František, František (referee)
Microbial load can be controlled using either synthetic or natural preservatives. Particular interest has been focused on the potential application of plant essential oils as safer additives for meat. However, there is no published research on the use of essential oils during the meat drying process. This study was focused on enhancing the meat drying process. At first a value-added dried meat product by using oregano essential oil (OEO) to inhibit the growth of bacteria, and the sensorial response from assessors is presented. It was found that the application of the OEO in meat is effective in inhibiting Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli. After 6 hours of drying at 55°C, 2 ml (0.038 ml l-1 air) and 1.5 ml (0.028 ml l-1 air) of OEO were considered the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against S. enteritidis and E. coli, respectively. Samples treated with 0.75 ml of OEO were more attractive for consumption compared with the control; at a higher concentration of OEO, the sensory quality of the food was affected.
Next, the effect of modified blanching treatments on the drying behaviour of beef meat was evaluated by determining moisture ratio versus time curves and the influence on sensory quality of the resulted product. The 3 treatments under investigation were (1) oil treatment (2) steam blanching and (3) hot air blanching with 3 doses of oregano essential oil (1) 1.5 ml (2) 3 ml and (3) 6 ml. Each treatment had an effect on the drying time of the beef samples, however, the dose of oregano essential oil applied did not affect the drying process. The results showed that steam blanching was very effective reducing the drying time. Meanwhile, 1.5 ml and 3 ml hot air blanching samples and 1.5 ml oil treatment samples were judged as better from sensory point of view and the respondents considered that adding oregano essential oil enriched the pleasantness of the smell.
In conclusion, a value-added dried meat product obtained by using oregano essential oil to enhance food safety received an acceptable sensorial response from consumers. Additionally, each modified blanching treatment tested influences the drying kinetics process, but the dose of oregano applied did not affect the drying process. In this sense, hot air blanching and oil treatment with the lowest dose had an acceptable sensorial response from consumers.
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