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Intersectional approach in the human rights practice in the Czech Republic
Drobná, Eliška ; Guasti, Petra (advisor) ; Charvát, Jan (referee)
The bachelor work explores the question of whether and to what extent human rights practice reflects intersectionality, using Iris Marion Young's theory of oppressed groups. After defining oppressed groups, it selects the three most commonly represented variables - gender, ethnicity and sexual orientation. The paper analyses whether and how the intersectionality of these three variables is viewed within human rights practice - the Constitutional Court is used as a key element of Czech human rights jurisdiction. Using a content analysis of intersectionality cases of the aforementioned oppressed groups between 1993 and 2023 from the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic, the thesis answers whether and to what extent intersectionality is reflected within human rights practice.
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The role of NGOs in creating and enforcing international norms: humanitarian issues related to refugees at sea
Brož, Theodor ; Martinková, Viera (advisor) ; Karlas, Jan (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Institute of Political Studies Department of Political Science The role of NGOs in creating and enforcing international norms: humanitarian issues related to refugees at sea Bachelor's Thesis Author of the Thesis: Theodor Brož Study programme: Political Science and International Relations Supervisor: Mgr. Viera Martinková, Ph.D. Year of the defence: 2024 Abstract This bachelor's thesis focuses on non-governmental organizations (NGOs) active in maritime search and rescue operations in the Mediterranean Sea and their effect on international norms. The aim of the thesis is to map the interactions of these NGOs with international organizations, in order to find out if and how they can affect international norms. The research was conducted using the case study method, focusing on three NGOs: Médecins Sans Frontières, ProActiva Open Arms and Sea Watch. The data collection process was done by conducting interviews with NGO representatives, as well as analysing relevant published documents and information concerning the interactions of these NGOs with international institutions. The results show that the most available platform for these search and rescue NGOs to affect international norms is the European Parliament, specifically through ties to its Members....
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The (Un)Neglected Mediterranean. The Attitude of the EU and Frontex Agency to the Migration Crisis
Klimundová, Marianna ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Prášil, Matěj (referee)
This bachelor thesis examines the attitude and handling of the migration crisis in 2015 by the European Union and the EU's operational arm, Frontex. It also analyses the current migration situation and the EU and Frontex response in 2023, and then compares the two periods. The European Union has been forced to reform its migration and asylum policy as a result of the migration crisis, which it has achieved in 2024. The aim of the thesis is to provide the reader with a comprehensive view of the migration issue in Europe, both the historical development and the current situation. The thesis analyses the different steps taken by the European Union after the outbreak of the crisis in 2015, followed by the actions of Frontex. As part of the analysis, the thesis describes all the negotiations and decisions of the European Commission, the European Parliament, the European Council and the Council of the EU, including the individual councils. It also analyses the individual operations of the agency. For comparison with the current situation, it monitors the year 2023 from both the EU and Frontex perspectives. It concludes by summarising the findings of the analysis and suggests possible further directions that could be pursued.
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Personal data protection in labour law relationship
Morávek, Jakub ; Bělina, Miroslav (advisor) ; Pichrt, Jan (referee) ; Brádlerová, Libuše (referee)
PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION IN LABOUR LAW RELATIONSHIP JUDr. Jakub Morávek The thesis is concerned with personnel data protection in connection with labour-law relationships. Personnel data protection issue is approached completely here and explanation of it is organically interconnected with cases of its use in labour-law relationships. Factually the thesis is output of grant-aided project GAUK No. 121009 "Personnel data protection in labour-law relationships" researcher of which the author was in the years 2009 - 2012. By no chance the name of above mentioned grant-aided project is identical with the name of the thesis. From the very beginning of the research of the project a monograph dealing with personnel data protection in the context of labour-law relationships, or more precisely thesis dealing with this topic that would be published, was planned as its output. Within four years of intense engagement in personnel data protection in labour-law relationships, in three of which the author worked on above mentioned project, almost thirty articles and papers in professional periodicals and collections,monograph anda rigorous thesis focused on personnel data protection in the process of employment relationship commencement, monograph focused on personnel data protection in the process of personnel...
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Understanding NATO's Intervention in Non-Member States: The Case of Operation Kosovo Force
Bártová, Adéla ; Tesař, Jakub (advisor) ; Sedlecká, Adéla (referee)
The master's thesis deals with the issue of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) out-of-area interventions, specifically focusing on the case of NATO's intervention in Kosovo in 1999. The alliance's decision to intervene against severe violations of human rights in Kosovo despite the lack of a legal mandate to do so was criticized heavily by the international community. This thesis aims to examine the narratives NATO used to justify its involvement in Kosovo. By adopting a theoretical framework of social constructivism, the research aims to examine the role of two constructivist concepts, collective identity and international norms, in the alliance's decision to intervene. To do so, the thesis adopts a discourse-historical approach (DHA) to critical discourse analysis, as established by Reisigl and Wodak (2009). This approach emphasizes the significance of the social, political, and historical context of discourse practices. By adopting the DHA, the thesis seeks to uncover the discursive strategies employed by the alliance to justify and legitimize the intervention in Kosovo. The research is conceived as a case-specific qualitative analysis, which is divided into two sections. The first section deals with the correlation between changes in the official discourse in NATO and the...
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Artificial Intelligence as a Challenge for the Justification of Human Rights
Florian, Oldřich Tristan ; Koloušek, Martin (referee)
Artificiál Intělligěncě ás á Chállěngě for thě Justificátion of Humán Rights Abstráct Thěrě is á long-stánding děbátě ábout thě morál státus of ánimáls, humáns in á věgětátivě státě, or ěmbrýos, ánd bý ěxtěnsion ábout thěir possiblě rights. In thě ěrá of thě risě of ártificiál intělligěncě, thěsě quěstions ěxtěnd to robots. This těxt áttěmpts to rělátě thěsě děbátěs to thě fiěld of humán rights thěoriěs. Humán rights thěoriěs árě ábout justifýing humán rights in morál sěnsě, ánd this dissěrtátion ěxáminěs whěthěr ádváncěs in ártificiál intělligěncě máý problěmátisě várious such justificátion thěoriěs. Kěýwords lěgál philosophý, humán rights, ártificiál intělligěncě, robots, humán rights thěoriěs, rights, robot rights
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Application of the so-called Magnitsky Act in the European Union and in the United States of America
Hajdová, Kristýna ; Pulgret, Miroslav (advisor) ; Romancov, Michael (referee)
This bachelor's thesis explores the application of the so-called Magnitsky Law in the United States of America and the European Union. The so-called Magnitsky generic collective name for the sanctions regimes created in response to the death of Sergei Magnitsky, a Russian lawyer who exposed tax fraud by Russian officials. Magnitsky himself was falsely accused of tax fraud and wrongfully imprisoned for almost a year. In prison, he was systematically tortured in an attempt to get him to change his testimony, he was denied medical care, and died after 358 days in prison due to his health problems. His death sparked a strong global reaction, and over the next decade, states around the world gradually adopted sanctions regimes punishing human rights abuses inspired by Sergei Magnitsky. This thesis examines Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012, The Global Magnitsky Act of 2016 and EU Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime. Before embarking on a more detailed examination of the functioning and legislation of these sanctions regimes using a comparative analysis, in several chapters I present a brief context of the historical development of sanctions, which were gradually transformed from large-scale embargoes to targeted sanctions, and also provide an overview of the events that led up to...
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Belarusian civil society from the perspective of Ales Bjaljacki
Markautsova, Viktoryia ; Klípa, Ondřej (advisor) ; Muhič Dizdarevič, Selma (referee)
This diploma thesis explores the perspective of Nobel Peace Prize laureate Ales Bjaljacki on the issue of the Belarusian civil society, particularly in the realm of human rights and human rights organizations of civil sector. These organizations have been operating in Belarus since the late 20th century and have consistently faced pressure and repression from the Belarusian regime of Alexander Lukashenko. The theoretical section is focused on defining contemporary concepts of civil society and addressing the inclusion of the Belarusian civil society within existing definitions. The practical section consists of an analysis of an interview with Ales Bjaljacki. It examines what the respondent considers key factors in the development of civil society, how he assesses the influence of the political situation on the Belarusian civil society, and his views on its past and future. Ales Bjaljacki perspective in this work is contrasted with the views of the author Andrew Wilson, who analyses the Belarusian civil society in the book "Belarus: The Last European Dictatorship." Additionally, Bjaljacki viewpoint in this work is compared with the opinions of various other authors who have researched civil society in Belarus, and their main findings are presented in the books "Civil society in Belarus 2000-2015,...
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Comparison of the legal regulation of citizenship of the Czech Republic and Ukraine during the period of independent states
Veretelnyk, Iegor ; Uhl, Pavel (advisor) ; Hřebejk, Jiří (referee)
1 Comparison of the legal regulation of citizenship of the Czech Republic and Ukraine during the period of independent states Abstract The aim of this thesis is to take a closer look at the phenomenon of state citizenship through the prism of the state-citizenship regulation of two young states with different legal continuity and history. Namely, the Czech Republic and Ukraine. State citizenship is a dynamic concept undergoing transformation simultaneously within human society and its values in general and legal culture in particular. The transformation of this phenomenon can be generalized on the dichotomous scale of "state power - individual", when in the context of, among other things, international law and specifically human rights doctrine, the concept of citizenship in most states is increasingly approaching the pole of individual; when it ceases to be the sovereign domain of state discretion and unlimited state power but begins to be seen as a human right or even a free choice of the individual. The main objective of this thesis was to determine whether the two countries of study have also approached this concept with their state-citizenship arrangements, and to determine to what extent the current Czech and Ukrainian citizenship legislation is shaped, or influenced, by previous legal arrangements in...
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