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Differences in diet of people who excercise and people who do not excercise
HRNČÍŘOVÁ, Iveta
Nowadays, fitness centres are frequently visited and fitness is constantly gaining popularity. With regular exercise, there is a need to consider the issue of diet. For this reason, it could be assumed that people involved in fitness might have a good knowledge of nutrition, place an emphasis on diet, etc. Protein intake is very often discussed. In my bachelor's thesis, I tried to explore the dietary differences between individuals who actively visit fitness centres and those who do not. The primary aim was to identify variations in dietary patterns, meal frequency, and food preferences between these groups of people. I was interested to know whether the interest in fitness translates to a heightened concern for dietary quality and food choices. I wanted to find out whether the dietary habits of fitness enthusiasts differ from those of the general population, who do not frequent fitness centers, and whether they also pay more attention to the overall meal composition. In order to fulfill my research objectives, I chose a quantitative research survey. The data collection was conducted with a self-designed questionnaire containing 48 questions. A total of 236 questionnaires were evaluated and 10 weekly menu records were analyzed using Nutriservis. The research sample consisted of adults aged 20-35 years. Accoarding to the results, people regularly engaged in fitness activities pay more attention to sufficient protein intake and they supplement protein more often. Their dietary patterns are also less likely to include foods with lower nutritional value. Fitness enthusiasts tend to have a sufficient intake of fruit and vegetables than people, who do not visit fitness centres. Higher carbohydrate intake was observed within people, who do not engage in fitness exercise. Fitness enthusiasts pay more attention to the composition of their meals and eat more meals per day on average. Regularity in eating did not differ significantly between these two groups.
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Vyhodnocení stravovacích návyků a příjmu energie a vybraných živin u vysokoškolských studentů.
PAVELKA, Filip
This master's thesis deals with mapping the dietary habits of university students and evaluating the level of energy intake and main nutrients in a selected sample of uni versity students. The literary overview of the issues addressed is focused on the area of rational nutrition and dietary habits of persons in the age of university students, the importance of energy and the main nutrient in a person's nutrition. The research part is focused on two areas. The first is to assess the menus of a selected sample of ten students, five of them women and five men, who recorded four weekly diet plans for four months (May, July, October and December). The research part is focused on two areas. The first is to assess the menus of a selected sample of ten students, five of them women and five men, who recorded four weekly diet plans for four months (May, July, October and December).
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Importance of physical activity in patients with diabetes
Kozáková, Eva ; Škrha, Jan (advisor) ; Pehr, Martin (referee)
Aim of the thesis: The research aimed to evaluate the importance of long-term regular physical activity in patients with diabetes. Methods: In total, 53 patients with diagnosed diabetes from the Third Department of Internal Medicine of the General University Hospital in Prague were selected for the research. In order to achieve the aim of the study, a combination of data collection in the form of an anonymous questionnaire survey of own design and laboratory results from the medical records in the hospital's information system Medea was used. During the completion of the questionnaire, the patients were consulted in detail and they had the opportunity to ask their own questions and receive a short education on the subject. All data were recorded in tables and subsequently processed into graphs in the computer program Microsoft Office Excel. Statistical evaluation was performed using Tibco Statistica 14.0 software. Results: Regular physical activity is associated with more favourable laboratory results. The most important parameter in assessing physical activity was a question about daily physical activity lasting at least 30 minutes. Patients who were physically active more than 30 minutes per day had significantly better HbA1c (50±9 vs. 60±15 mmol/mol, p<0.01), total cholesterol (3.7±0.8 vs....
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Host-microbe interactions and its consequences for intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis
Kejzlarová, Leona ; Kverka, Miloslav (advisor) ; Smrž, Daniel (referee)
A number of physiological and pathological processes, including the transition from chronic inflammation to cancer, are affected by commensal microbes. However, abundance of microbes and ability to produce active metabolites in the intestine depend on environmental factors, particularly diet. Microbes can influence this process in two ways, by producing genotoxic substances that directly damage the epithelium or by stimulating the inflammatory response. The aim of my thesis was to study the interaction among gut microbiota, diet and the immune system with the subsequent influence on the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) in an experimental mouse model. Animals were fed synthetic diets containing either normal amounts of animal protein (17%; KD) or elevated amounts of animal protein (51%; HPD) throughout the experiments. Two weeks after the diets were introduced, intestinal tumors were induced by administering azoxymethane (AOM) and inducing acute inflammation with 2% sodium dextran sulfate one week after AOM injection. At the end of the experiment I evaluated the number of tumors in the colon and the status of the immune response in the intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. To study the effect of macrophages, a similar experiment was performed in animals with depleted macrophages using...
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Study of User Interface for Identifiaction of Meals
Kratochvílová, Marie ; Kajan, Rudolf (referee) ; Herout, Adam (advisor)
This thesis describes the development of mobile application for Windows Phone . Application is focused on choice of meals and identification of meals . The work contains description the different stages of development , starting with analysis of existing applications , specification of the customer requirements and design prototype inteface and finally to its implementation and testing . The work describes the choice of technology for the implementation . Result of my work is an elegant , fast and intuitive application .
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Biofilm formation in probiotic cultures and its application in pharmacy
Ryšávka, Petr ; Obruča, Stanislav (referee) ; Vorlová, Lenka (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The work was comprehensively focused on the development of adhesive forms of probiotics in the form of a biofilm on combined carriers with a prebiotic component. The second part dealed with the influence of food on the multiplication and survival of selected types of probiotic bacteria. Subsequently, the effect of individualized probiotic supplements on changes in the human intestinal microbiome was monitored. Suitable adherent probiotic strains for biofilm formation were selected and tested. Methods have been introduced and different variants of carriers for culturing and binding bacteria have been tested. In vitro experiments verified the stability of biofilm stucture and its resistance to low pH, bile and antibiotics in comparison with the planktonic cell form. The antimicrobial effect of probiotic strains in the form of a biofilm was studied. The cultivation of the multispecies biofilm on the combined carrier was optimized and the stability of the biofilm and the final viability of probiotic bacteria were confirmed. Furthermore, the influence of various foods and beverages on the viability of probiotic bacteria was evaluated with emphasis on the simulation of passage through the gastrointestinal tract. Both models, solutions with standardised concentrations of alcohol, sugar, salts, proteins or different pH and different types of real foods and beverages were tested. The effect of food and beverages was tested on monocultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium breve and on probiotic capsules containing a mixed culture of probiotic microorganisms. The survival of probiotics in various food matrices in the simulated gastrointestinal tract was quantitatively different. We managed to define foods suitable for supporting the multiplication of probiotic bacteria. A separate part of the work was focused on the targeted modulation of the intestinal microbiome by individualized probiotics that were prepared on the basis of molecular biological analyzes of the intestinal microbiome aimed at detecting the percentage of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Personalized probiotic supplementation confirmed the positive effect of this approach on microbiome changes, especially on the increase of the content of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and the overall diversity of the microbiome.
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Web Application for Dietary Plan Creation
Matějíček, Vojtěch ; Zendulka, Jaroslav (referee) ; Bartík, Vladimír (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor's thesis was creation of a web application which generates daily menus based on measuring body losses. User creates records of his losses at regular intervals. Food in these menus correspond to food or dietary plan that user chooses from three implemented plans. Therefore, getting familiar with principles of creating web applications and studying theory of implemented dietary plans were both part of this thesis. Application provides opportunity to review recipes and creates shopping lists. Recipes, menus and shopping lists can be printed. User registers and logs in the application with his e-mail and password.
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Mobile Application to Control the Diet of Patients on Dialysis
Pavlacký, Ondřej ; Kolář, Dušan (referee) ; Goldmann, Tomáš (advisor)
The goal of this thesis is to create an intuitive mobile application for Android operation system which will help dialysis patients by displaying approximate values of monitored substances in their body and replace classic paper records. Thanks to this mobile application patients are going to have better overview of consumed foodstuffs a help them stick to their diet. When inserting the foodstuff patients will select from the database of foodstuffs and the application will calculate values that the food contains. Patients can also expand the database with their own food. Application will also register periods between dialysis and from the length of the period, patients' weight and their diuresis calculate maximal values of monitored substances (water, potassium and phosphorus). Patients will also see values from passed periods, which will we shown in statistics. Data will be persistently saved in local and remote database. Application is developed on Xamarin platform.
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Effect of caloric restriction on neuroplasticity
Sonina, Alisa ; Málková, Petra (advisor) ; Kolář, David (referee)
Calorie restriction has been shown to have a wide range of beneficial effects on health and longevity, although its effects on brain function are not as well known. This paper reviews the current state of research on the effects of calorie restriction on neuroplasticity, including studies examining the molecular, structural, and behavioral effects of dietary restriction in animal and human models. Overall, the evidence suggests that caloric restriction promotes neuroplasticity. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these effects and to determine the optimal duration and intensity of caloric restriction. Key words: Caloric restriction, neuroplasticity, diet, cognition, neurogenesis, metabolism
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