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Suicidal behavior as a result of failure of defence mechanisms in psychoanalytic therapy
Sákrová, Anna ; Jakubů, Jiří (advisor) ; Kuchař, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to map and examine the individual defense mechanisms of the ego, owing to the failure of which suicide occurred in clients in psychoanalytically focused therapy. The theoretical part of the work is focused on defense mechanisms which, in the psychoanalytical concept, are understood as unconsciously applied mechanisms that support a sense of self-worth and integrity, or are used in situations of failure, shame and failure. These defenses differ in their nature and strength, to which the literary overview section is devoted. The research part is qualitatively focused on analytically oriented therapists who met a suicidal client in their professional practice. Using semi-structured interviews, which allow the coverage of as many factors as possible, it is investigated which defense mechanisms failed and subsequently led to either suicidal attempts or to completed suicide in clients. In this part, the results of the phenomenological analysis of the views of individual psychoanalysts on the issue of suicidal behaviour will be interpreted. The results of the research will be helpful to psychoanalytically oriented therapist in better recognition of risky behaviour which could result in a client's suicide. Based on the experience of the therapists, their starting points...
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Dominance Strategies in Romantic Couples' Interactions
Průšová, Denisa ; Weiss, Petr (advisor) ; Jakubů, Jiří (referee) ; Tichotová, Lenka (referee)
This doctoral thesis combines three major topics of how Romantic Couples verbally and nonverbally Communicate Dominance. We research their behavioral dynamics from Evolutionary and Communication perspectives. Against current psycho-social scientific theories, we do suggest that people that are stereotypically seen as submissive, those using other than direct, active, and aggressive strategies, can achieve their will as well. They simply use behaviors that researchers do not consider as dominant (powerful) behaviors and look for them. We explore the whole spectrum of dominance strategies and their context of where, when, and how they are used. We chose a highly qualitative approach during the data collection and analysis part. We adapted a psychotherapy method for research purposes, our Relationship Drama, to overcome significant limitations that nonverbal and communication research struggles with. Therefore, we could see and further qualitatively analyze real couple's behavior in their real typically appearing conflict interaction. Those are described in the theoretical part of this thesis, in chapter 1. Findings from yet unpublished studies that were presented at conferences and are relevant to specific topics are included as well as one case study illustrating dominance ascription complexity. The...
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Therapist self-disclosure in psychotherapy
Pácaltová, Martina ; Loneková, Katarína (advisor) ; Jakubů, Jiří (referee)
The present diploma thesis deals with the self-disclosure of the psychotherapist during therapy. The theoretical section summarizes the present state of literature on the subject and current knowledge of the concept of self-disclosure. In order to grasp the topic more comprehensively, self-disclosure is viewed in the broader framework of psychotherapy. Furthermore, the thesis presents various ways of defining self-disclosure, dealing with the content and frequency of self-disclosure, the reasons for its use, as well as its risks and ethical aspects. The theoretical section is concluded with an overview of the concept of self-disclosure in terms of various therapeutic approaches. The empirical part of the thesis deals with the possibilities of dealing with the psychotherapist's self-disclosure during therapy. The qualitative research focuses on the ways in which psychotherapists use self-disclosure in their practice and on their experiences with this intervention. The data based on semi-structured interviews with nine psychotherapists are processed by the method of thematic analysis. The interviews' analysis results in the following main topics that are related to the treatment of psychotherapist self-disclosure during therapy: various types of self-disclosure; the psychotherapist's presetting for...
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Moments of meeting as a part of process of change from contemporary psychoanalysis perspective (intimacy, autenticity and relationship)
Smejkalová, Adéla ; Jakubů, Jiří (advisor) ; Taušová, Jitka (referee)
The thesis is focused on specific experiental phenomena that correspond to the Daniel Stern concept of the moment of meeting. The literature review section summarizes the existing psychoanalytic findings of the formation of the relationship between therapist and client, which were brought to the current psychoanalysis mainly by intersubjective or relational psychoanalysis. Attention is paid to aspects that are often overlooked or perceived as counterproductive in traditional psychoanalysis, although current studies show their importance in the process of therapeutic change - topics of mutuality, the role of human encounters, changes in the implicit structure of mental landscape, etc. The research section summarizes the results of a study conducted on a group of psychoanalytically oriented therapists, summarizing their phenomenological view of moments of meeting, and therefore of psychological change in the process of psychotherapy. Critical thoughts as well as suggestions for further research are discussed. Keywords Intersubjectivity, relational psychoanalysis, moment of meeting, psychic change, memory, implicit relational knowing
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Therapists' in-session experiences with a depressive client: A grounded theory
Roubal, Jan ; Bob, Petr (advisor) ; Jakubů, Jiří (referee) ; Čermák, Ivo (referee)
Objective: Empirical literature on the interpersonal reactions elicited by exposure to a depressed individual identified two basic reactions: depressed mood induction and rejection of the depressed person. Relatively not many empirical studies is devoted to the topic of therapists' own experiences when working with depressive clients, although working with depressive clients burdens therapists themselves significantly. This study explores how therapists experience psychotherapy sessions with a currently depressive client and presents a processual theoretical model of the researched phenomenon. Method: Individual and focus group interviews were conducted with 30 therapists of various theoretical orientations, yielding a set of 22 in-session event descriptions. The grounded theory method was used as a methodological framework for the analysis. Results: The therapists' experience was conceptualized as Experiential oscillation between gravitating towards a client's depressive experience and moving away from it. It's evolvement over the course of a session is depicted by a model of Depression Co-experiencing Trajectory with six phases: 1. Sharing depressive experience, 2. Turning to oneself, 3. Striving for symptom change, 4. Distancing from depressive experience, 5. Turning to a client, 6. Focusing on...
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Overdetermination in Psychoanalytic Case Studies
Kuchař, Jakub ; Fulka, Josef (advisor) ; Bžoch, Adam (referee) ; Jakubů, Jiří (referee)
In this work I deal with the question of whether the use of the concept of overdetermination is coherent across 1) psychoanalytic theoretical and case studies and 2) different psychoanalytic directions. Based on the analysis of the most cited case studies dealing with the topic of narcissism in the field of Kleinian and Relational psychoanalysis, I come to the conclusion that the use of the concept of overdetermination is not completely coherent in psychoanalysis. This incoherence may be due to the different attitudes of different authors to abstract metapsychological assumptions. Narcissism of small differences, which in my opinion is evident between representatives of different psychoanalytic directions, can also play a role. And last but not least, it is possible to look at this incoherence as the result of so-called implicit theories, i.e. not entirely official and conscious theories that psychoanalysts follow in the course of their practical clinical work. Keywords Psychoanalytic discourse, overdetermination, analysis of psychotherapeutic case reports, the relationship between theory and practice ;
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Life story narrative analysis of female agoraphobia
Koťová, Magdalena ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor) ; Tavel, Peter (referee) ; Jakubů, Jiří (referee)
This dissertation presents theoretical and empirical research on the agoraphobia. The theoretical part outlines the history and diagnosis of agoraphobia since the mid- nineteenth century to the present through selected theories of this disorder. Concept of normality and diagnosis of agoraphobia disorder according to ICD -10, DSM IV and DSM V are also addressed. Space is also devoted to the philosophical concept of anxiety and body in relation to space. In the empirical part of the thesis the life story narrative analysis as well as analysis of narrative interviews with women suffering from agoraphobia was carried out. Ten women represent the sample. Received research data were analysed using the categorial- formal analysis. Following research objectives were set: to analyse importance of the disease in lives of participants, to describe the individual specific form of the disease, to analyse individual meaning and purpose attributed by the participants to their disease, to describe diverse aspects of life depicting. The aim was also to learn about the ways participants manage their disease including the use of therapy. Life story narrative analysis of female agoraphobia proved to be a suitable method for understanding the very meaning of agoraphobia disorder and also the meaning that is being...
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