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Shifts in the passive dialectal vocabulary in the Ostrava region
Titlbachová, Magdalena ; Chromý, Jan (advisor) ; Dittmann, Robert (referee)
This bachelor thesis examines the decline of dialects in three rural villages in the Ostrava region (Krmelín, Nová Bělá, Stará Ves nad Ondřejnicí). Taking into account the regional distribution of the words, a sample of substantive lexical units recorded in the area was selected from the Czech Language Atlas I and II. These lexemes should not be identifiable on the basis of knowledge of their equivalent in written or Common Czech. A questionnaire was then compiled from these dialectisms and sent to a control group consisting mainly of respondents from the Čechy region. Thanks to this questionnaire, dialectisms whose meaning could be estimated by the respondents from Čechy were eliminated and at the same time its results served as reference points for the final questionnaire. A modified final questionnaire was then created and distributed to the inhabitants of the surveyed villages. It was completed by a total of 51 respondents, who were divided into 4 age groups according to generational divisions. After processing the responses, it was possible to describe the results, which confirm the hypothesis that knowledge of dialect vocabulary (recorded in the Czech Language Atlas) decreases with the new generations. The decline in knowledge is most significant between Baby Boomers and Generation X, the...
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The use and interpretation of the particle náhodou in polar interrogative clauses
Chodounská, Michaela ; Šimík, Radek (advisor) ; Chromý, Jan (referee)
The BA thesis deals with the interpretation of the particle náhodou in polar interrogative clauses in Czech. These are viewed from the perspective of semantics and pragmatics, where modality, in particular epistemic and evidential bias, appears to be crucial for the interpretation of the particle. Náhodou acquires a specific status, as its distribution is limited to negative interrogative clauses that presuppose a positive epistemic bias. Since negative interrogative clauses in Czech can express offers or requests, the question arises as to whether there is a possibility of using the particle náhodou in them. In the corpus, náhodou occurs exclusively in indirect requests and offers accompanied by modal means; for direct requests and offers, it can be inferred that the use of náhodou will be perceived as less natural, since it is not accompanied by any modal means and negation acquires a different status than in epistemic interrogative clauses. To test the hypotheses, an acceptability judgement task experiment was conducted. The results showed that the particle náhodou is perceived as less natural; however, only in direct polar interrogative clauses. Moreover, for both direct and indirect polar interrogative clauses, an unpredicted interaction between the grammatical aspect of the verb and the...
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Interference in sentence processing in Czech
Nováková, Klára ; Chromý, Jan (advisor) ; Šimík, Radek (referee)
The presented master's thesis focuses on interference during sentence processing in Czech. The foundation of this work lies in the study by Sandra Villata, Whitney Tabora, and Julie Franck: Encoding and Retrieval Interference in Sentence Comprehension: Evidence from Agreement (2018). This study argues that sentence processing involves encoding interference and suggests that this interference can explain various phenomena previously attributed to retrieval interference. The empirical part of the master's thesis presents three self-paced reading. The aim of these experiments is to conceptually replicate the findings of the aforementioned study using Czech sentences. The experiments in the thesis manipulate the form of interference and other methodological aspects, such as the structure of comprehension questions. The results of the presented experiments provide evidence for encoding interference during sentence processing in Czech.
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The Effect of Language Perception and Production on Conceptualization of Motion Events
Sloupová, Tereza ; Gerwien, Johannes (advisor) ; Chromý, Jan (referee)
The Effect of Linguistic Context on Conceptualization of Motion Events - Abstract EN This thesis reviews the methodology of experimental research of thinking for speaking with focus on studies of so-called "seeing for speaking."Within these studies, the effects of language on thinking are typically interpreted in connection with the act of verbalization; the thesis argues why it may be good to consider the role played by linguistic context of the verbalization, which may already pre-activate the conceptualization patterns in question. We conducted an experiment focused on the effects of grammatical aspect on visual attention in motion events, which piloted a possible method of involving context: Czech-English bilinguals were tasked to describe clips of motion events in a Czech or English block, while at the same time listening to unrelatedbackgroundaudiointhe respective language. This was then compared toa third block, in which the verbalization language and the language of the background audio were incongruent. The experiment does not lead to a conclusion on the effect of context as it did not show significant differences in visual attention in the first two monolingual blocks, potentially due to cognitive demands of the task or to the mixed conceptualizations of bilinguals. There are, however, interesting...
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Malleability of semantic representations and factors which influence it
Janáková, Alžběta ; Chromý, Jan (advisor) ; Šimík, Radek (referee)
The work critically reflects on the study by Shiri Lev-Ari titled "Social network size can influence linguistic malleability and the propagation of linguistic change", which argues that the size of a social network directly affects the flexibility of semantic representations. This study will be conceptually replicated in the Czech language, considering additional factors that may influence the flexibility of semantic representations. The work will take the form of the first phase of a registered report, and pilot testing will be conducted. The theoretical part of the work will provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on the relationship between language and social networks, the methodology of studying social networks, literature on lexical entrainment, and factors influencing language accommodation. Additionally, the work will focus on processes of language learning, lexical entrainment, structural priming, self-monitoring, and methods of its measurement, as well as adapting communication to the dialogical partner. The methodological part will present a detailed and well-elaborated design for experimental research, which will be used to test the presented hypotheses of the study. The experiment will be piloted for testing. Key words: Psycholinguistics, semantics, social networks, personality
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The expression of speaker's bias in Czech polar questions
Staňková, Anna ; Šimík, Radek (advisor) ; Chromý, Jan (referee)
This MA thesis focuses on Czech polar questions, especially on the description of their syn- tactic-semantic interface. Besides that, I discuss an additional layer of pragmatic meaning (i.e., bias), which expresses the speaker's expectations about the possible answers based on their beliefs or on their immediate context. The question's bias is signaled by a number of formal means: word order (interrogative vs. declarative), polarity (positive vs. negative question) and particles (e.g. copak). The interpretation of negation in polar questions is by no means trivial, as it gives rise to two types of reading: inner and outer. I propose explicit syntactic and semantic analyses of negative polar questions in Czech using the generative and formal semantic approach. To capture the difference between inner and outer negation, I use Repp's (2013) theory and the verum/falsum operators. I also propose a syntactic analysis of ver- bal movement to the initial position in Czech interrogative sentences. The thesis, therefore, aims to characterize how the formal means interact with the question's meaning (including bias). I ran a naturalness judgment task to empirically test the hypotheses based on previous accounts of polar questions and my own analyses. The experimental set-up consisted of mul- tiple parts...
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Nonword repetition in adult L2 learners of Czech
Striová, Michaela ; Cilibrasi, Luca (advisor) ; Chromý, Jan (referee)
Previous studies have shown that children with specific language impairment and bilingual children tend to perform below average in nonword repetition tasks. Similar tendencies might appear in adults without specific language impairment who try to learn a language other than their native tongue, even though little is known about this population. The presented diploma thesis studies nonword repetition in adult L2 learners of Czech. The participants tested were native speakers of Romanian who learn Czech and live in the Czech Republic. The test used is the one developed by Sileo and Tyčová (2019). In the experimental part, the participants were asked to repeat 24 nonwords after the researcher, subsequently to completing a short level of proficiency assessment and a questionnaire monitoring their integration into the Czech language environment. Three linguistic variables from the repetition task were subsequently analyzed: nonword length, phonological complexity, and morphological complexity. To assess the significance of the mentioned linguistic factors, Wilcoxon's signed-rank tests were used, which allowed the comparison between long and short nonwords, nonword with and without phonological clusters, and items with different morphological complexity. Furthermore, correlation tests were run to find...
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Language Shift in a Czech Community in the Daruvar Area
Flídrová, Eva ; Chromý, Jan (advisor) ; Dittmann, Robert (referee)
The thesis deals with the linguistic situation of the Czech community living in the Daruvar region of the Republic of Croatia and presents the contemporary linguistic situation of the ethnic Czech community with a focus on language shift as a sociolinguistic phenomenon. The first part of the paper introduces basic sociolinguistic terms and principles based on research on bilingual communities. Within the framework of factors influencing ethnolinguistic vitality, the Czech minority in Croatia is presented, from the settlement of the territory to the organization of contemporary Czech minority life and the institutional teaching of Czech as a minority language. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the analysis of data from questionnaires collected during the research in the area. In addition to demographic data, the questionnaire examines the use of the Czech language in communication with other members of the community. The questions in the second part of the questionnaire are used to assess bilingual dominance. Based on the formulated hypotheses, the attitude towards the Czech language and language choice across three generations of speakers is investigated. The aim of the research is to provide an interim report on the course of language shift in the Daruvar region and to record the current...
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Possessive adjectives - interaction between nominal and hard adjectival inflection
Vraná, Michaela ; Synková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Chromý, Jan (referee)
The aim of this work is to complete the view of the Czech gramatics and other studies to the language question of the intraction of possesive adjectives and find out, how the Czech publicists working in chosen commercial media verse in this question of language. In a teoretical part we tried to sum up a picture of possesive adjectives in circumstance Czech linguistics, in a practical part we explained how we approach to the creation of our questionnaire about the use of possessive adjectives of chosen publicists and we described the results of our survey. The main finding was that our respondents tend to answer registry and prefer possessive adjectives before the genitive. This work is beneficial because it summarizes the knowledge referred to in grammars on the subject of possesive adjectives and shows how Czech writers of selected periodicals versed in issues of possessive adjectives.
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Jiří Haller in the contexts of Czech linguistics
Chromý, Jan ; Nebeská, Iva (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
This study tries to examine the position of Jiří Haller in the context of Czech linguistics, or more precisely in the context of the development of Czech research of language culture. The first chapter analyzes the work of Jan Gebauer, Josef Zubatý and Václav Ertl, Le. the work of Haller's predecessors. The goal is to find joint aspects of theirs approach to the language culture. The second chapter is concerned with the background of Haller's professional work, mainly with the study entitled "Problém jazykové správnosti", which summarizes Haller's early theoretical attitude. The third chapter analyzes the dispute over literary language; it offers a complex survey of those debates and tries to critically evaluate particular polemic appearances. The fourth part examines other works of Jiří Haller, Le. his activities after 1932. The main goal of the study is to revise traditional opinions on the personality of Jiří Haller and to present a more realistic view on his linguistic appearance and his work.
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