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Urban green spaces and its institutional framework
Sukupová, Kristína ; Vejchodská, Eliška (advisor) ; Jílková, Jiřina (referee)
The thesis Urban green spaces and its institutional framework attempts to analyze different cases of urban green spaces foundation and administration in which various public and private entities act. Based on these foundations it tries to come with an overview of the most important forms of provision of greenery in cities. Through research of available literature we came to the understanding that greenery in urban environments is not just a result of municipal service provided by a public authority but to its foundation, administration, financing and maintenance contribute also other entities. The overview created in the thesis is not exhaustive but can serve as an inspiration for various subjects at a time when local public authorities do not have sufficient resources to ensure satisfactory range and quality of public green.
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Analysis of legal instrument s of self-governments used in air protection
Vévoda, Jan ; Vojáček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Jílková, Jiřina (referee)
Air pollution from point sources is a serious problem that is mainly solved centrally and with use of public tools. The goal of this thesis is to find out whether in respect of the local and regional context of air pollution this problem can be solved by local self-governments and whether they may adopt the doctrine of free market environmentalism to protect the air with the use of private law as a subject of ownership. For this purpose, relevant instruments are analyzed, such as a nuisance action, an obligation of prevention and a liability for damages. The city of Ostrava even brought an action against the state, however, possibilities of its success are small. It was found that local self-governments could use these instruments to protect the air, but practical problems demotivate them.
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Comparative analysis of local air quality management in the Czech Republic and in the UK
Kostelecká, Lenka ; Vojáček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Jílková, Jiřina (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is to compare two systems of local air quality management - in the United Kingdom and the Czech Republic. United Kingdom has a lot of experience thanks to its long-time history of environmental protection. The system is considered to be successful as they already managed to solve many air quality problems. The Czech Republic has started with air quality management 20 years ago and its results are not satisfactory, its air quality in the new century is getting worse or is stagnating. In the first part of the thesis, two systems of air quality management are compared according to the law regulations in each country and also according to the ministry of the environment's guidance. In the second part of the thesis two program documents are compared -- one from the Greater Manchester metropolitan county and one from Moravian-Silesian region. The analysis points out the fact that British system of air quality management is more efficient, it takes more note of regional dimension of problems and it also cooperates more with stakeholders. At the end of thesis recommendations for Czech system of air quality management are proposed based on previous analysis.
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Rural development policy impacts on regional output, income and employment in Vysocina Region
Bednaříková, Zuzana ; Jílková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Majerová, Věra (referee) ; Bečvářová, Věra (referee)
This dissertation follows the increasing extent of the European Union's intervention into rural areas. The main objective of the dissertation is to analyse and evaluate the impacts of measures supporting job creation, within the Rural Development Programme of the Czech Republic for 2007--2013, on regional production, income and employment in the Vysočina region. Specifically, it concerns the measures under Axis 3 Pillar 2 of the EU Common Agricultural Policy supporting diversification into non-agricultural activities, micro-businesses and tourism development. The sub-objective is to analyse the coefficients and multipliers, which would identify the sectors with the greatest potential for further development in terms of production, income and employment in the Vysočina region. Within the main objective three alternatives impacts that arise when there is a change of the final demand for production of a given industry are analysed and these can be measured by changes in production, income or employment. Two formulated hypotheses are analysed in detail In the individual chapters the dissertation is focused on the theoretical aspects of rural development dealing with the aspects of rural development policy implementation, describing the models and empirical analysis of the impact of measures supporting rural economic development. It also describes the characteristics of the Vysočina region, offering a methodology and construction of a regional input-output table and the input-output model for the Vysočina region, and finally, it includes a methodology and application of the impact analysis for the region. In order to achieve the main objective Leontief's structural input-output analysis is used (Leontief, 1966). The regional short-term macroeconomic input-output model built on the example of the Vysočina region serves as a tool for the analysis. A part of the analysis is the identification of factors that influence the size of the impact found. To perform the impact analysis the author constructed a regional input-output table for the Vysočina region. The regionalization of the national commodity symmetric input-output table (CZSO, 2010f) is performed using the GRIT method (Jensen et al., 1979). The selected method is suitable for assessing the short-term impact of political measures, where the found effects can be attributed exclusively to the political measures observed. All the restrictions typical of input-output analysis have been taken into account. The scientific contribution of the dissertation is the creation of a regional macroeconomic input-output model for the Vysočina region based on Leontief's input - output analysis, and its use to determine the impact of the realised funds on the monitored measures of production, income and employment in the Vysočina region. The other scientific contribution is the construction of a regional input-output table for the Vysočina region. This serves as a data source for the input-output analysis since regional input-output tables are not available in the Czech Republic.
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Conflict between biofuels support and food security
Vyhnalová, Kateřina ; Jílková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Pělucha, Martin (referee)
In recent years biofuels support is on the rise and is leading to rise in their productions. Biofuels are produced on land with agricultural products that is why there is rising land competition. Food prices are rising fast and food security is deteriorating. Hypothesis is that countries and international organizations are introducing measuress to guarantee food security. The aim of the thesis is to analyze interventions that respond to impacts of biofuel support in selected countries. The hypothesis is right. States are introducing measures to guarantee food security. Developed states give more financial donations to humanitarian institutions and support development of second generation biofuels that is not competitive with food production. Developing states implement for example increasing food export duties or prohibition of food exports, reducing food import duties and reducing tax levy on food. Some developing states have decided for food safeguarding.
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Impact of taxation of electricity, natural gas and solid fuels on sectors of NACE in the Czech Republic
Zimmermannová, Jarmila ; Jílková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Šauer, Petr (referee) ; Hájek, Miroslav (referee)
The main target of the thesis is analysing of short-term indirect cross-sectoral impacts of taxation of electricity, solid fuels and natural gas on particular sectors of NACE in the Czech Republic, especially impacts on production prices. The key instrument for the analysis is the short-term price model for the Czech Republic, created as a component of the thesis. A secondary target is focused on the analysis of direct impacts, especially impacts on prices and expenditures of particular sectors of NACE. Within the scope of the main target, there are five different variants of taxation. For each of them the impact of taxation of particular commodities on changes in production prices of particular sectors of NACE is simulated. Than two different variants, both of them including taxation of all commodities, are compared. The thesis includes also two hypotheses, which are going to be confirmed or disproved on the basis of obtained results. For achieving the main target the methodology of Leontief input -- output analysis was chosen (Leontief, 1966). This is the key instrument for creating short-term price model for the Czech Republic. This method is suitable especially for analysing short-term cross-sectoral impacts, however under necessary condition of no changes in current technologies, agreements and cross-sectoral relations. This condition represents strict limitation for the price model created for the thesis. Regarding scientific contribution, the main asset of this thesis is creation of macroeconomic short-term price model for the Czech Republic, which is based on methodology of Leontief input -- output analysis. The additional contribution is calculation of the short-term impacts of new environmental taxation on production prices of particular sectors of NACE. Considering available information, environmental taxes in the Czech Republic have not been analysed by Leontief input - output methodology yet. There is not also sufficient analysis of environmental taxes impacts on particular sectors of NACE in the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided to seven chapters. The first chapter focuses on introduction to environmental tax regulation issue. The second chapter presents theories and concepts of taxation impact analysis. The third chapter focuses on models and empirical research in environmental taxation area. The fourth chapter is dealing with basic practical aspects of introduction of new energy taxation in the Czech republic and presents data useful for the following analysis. The fifth chapter consists of describing of applied methodology and describing of creation of the price model. The sixth chapter summarises results of simulation of direct impact of taxation on average prices for companies and on expenditures of particular sectors of NACE. The seventh chapter presents results of cross-sectoral analysis of indirect macroeconomic impacts for all variants; the chapter includes also testing of hypotheses and comments of final results.
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The Comparison of Theoretical Approaches to the Environmental Protection and Their Application on the Problem of Water Allocation
Slavíková, Lenka ; Jílková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kluvánková-Oravská, Tatiana (referee) ; Hájek, Miroslav (referee)
Práce se soustředí na komparaci východisek neoklasické environmentální ekonomie, ekologické institucionální ekonomie a tržních přístupů k ochraně životního prostředí. Uvedené tři ekonomicko-teoretické směry v současné době představují hlavní paradigmata v rámci ekonomie životního prostředí a soupeří o míru vlivu na ekologickou politiku jednotlivých států či nadnárodních organizací. Jelikož tyto směry dochází k diametrálně odlišným doporučením ohledně preferovaných režimů správy přírodních zdrojů (státní, komunitní či soukromé vlastnictví), je cílem komparace nalézt prvky pro možný společný postup či naopak identifikovat příčiny hlavních odlišností. Ucelené srovnání všech tří ekonomicko-teoretických směrů nebylo doposud provedeno, což vede k izolovanému vývoji všech tří sledovaných paradigmat.
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Vztah vnitřní organizace podniků v různých odvětvích a jejich výkonu
Pardupa, Martin ; Jílková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Vorlíček, Jan (referee) ; Hučka, Miroslav (referee)
This dissertation is thus aiming to create a (1) view on current and historical theoretical and practical approaches of organization economics, (2) to assess their assumptions and implications and explain their contradictions in relation to individual base of the knowledge and motivation. (4) It suggests a framework that might give an economic and theoretical rationale to various managerial measures related to the true ("effective") effort of an individual in a firm that is (5) finally tested in empirical research. For the reasons mentioned above, the overview of often divergent methodological approaches is of a key importance, therefore much attention is dedicated to their description and analysis in the first part of the thesis. It is followed by the introduction of a new framework used in the analysis of various managerial measures applied in the firm, and finally, the hypotheses which test certain assumptions of the framework on empirical data. The "effective effort, cooperation and rivalry framework" is the main output of this thesis, as it explains the roots and influence of direct and indirect managerial measures through the behavior of workers (rivalry, cooperation, rent-seeking) on company's performance. The framework combines three existing independent approaches analyzing the link between managerial measures and company's performance without denying any of the predecessors, and it also brings a new interpretation of the functions of managerial decisions in the firm and the link on material resources. The framework attempts to answer the following research question: Which factors and in a what way influence the effective effort of an individual in the firm? Can this approach be formalized and tested on empirical data? Answering this question would be beneficial for both managers and academia as it would facilitate them to undertake that managerial measures, that would lead to an improvement of firm's long term performance and avoid those actions, which would work contradictory. The empirical analysis focuses on efficiency of several types of incentives and trainings in the medium-sized company on the lowest level of hierarchy (furthermore there is the lack of similar analyses dedicated to an enterprise in Central and Eastern Europe or in such chronological extent in a single firm anywhere in Europe). The extensive data is provided by a leading Czech (mostly retail) betting company operating in a legislatively stable environment not exposed to the currency fluctuations and economic cycle with oligopolistic characteristics. Other industries (besides retail) would hardly provide such high quality data for such a long period suitable for the chosen analysis of the revenues' influence of various managerial measures (training of sale staff, introduction of an upside component of wage, nonmonetary rewards) applied to workers. The results of the empirical analysis show the possible positive effect of increased wage variability on the employee's performance, although the effect of training and nonmonetary rewards was proven as insignificant. These results (positive/negative effect or significance/insignificance) for a low skilled workforce being able to effectively affect the quality of the output (as is the Fortuna case) are in line with the Effective effort, cooperation and rivalry framework.
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Effectiveness of a deposit system on one-way containers in Czech republic
Slavík, Jan ; Jílková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Hřebíček, Jiří (referee) ; Šarapatka, Bořivoj (referee) ; Hampl, Mojmír (referee)
The reasons of the contemporaly regulation in the waste management regarding the theoretical basis (on that the regulation is built) are the main objectives of this work. Because of high induced costs of the erroneous state measures built on wrong expectations in the economy and because of less effectiveness and efficiency of these measures this analysis is very important. The test of induced costs should be accomplished on the example of the deposit system on one-way containers (PET bottles and cans), which should be implemented into the public law in the Czech republic in next few years. Hardly any measure in the waste management is provoking so intensive diskussion, as the deposit system on some beverages does. What is the main reason? Especially the rise of abatement costs by subjects influenced by the deposit system and the influence on the system of separate collection. The deposit system and the separate collection are competitive systems because of the reciprocal relationship. Regarding the driving forces of the regulation the main goal of this work is the modelling of costs and benefits of the deposit system in the Czech republic and the analysis of the decision making proces of affected subjects.
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Analysis of sustainable spatial development assessment
Louda, Jiří ; Jílková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Pělucha, Martin (referee)
Sustainable development has become in last two decades a phenomenon. Principles of this concept are implemented into most of political development documents at the international, national, regional and local level. Outcomes of sustainable development assessment are often used as basis of measures which influence the process of spatial development. However there exist many approaches how to assess the sustainable development, so far it haven`t been achieved a general consensus how to do it. The aim of this thesis is a critical interpretation of literature considering sustainable development and analysis of implementation of sustainable development assessment in municipalities of Czech Republic. Method of this analysis is desk research of documents called analysis of spatial sustainable development (rozbor udržitelného rozvoje území), which the municipalities have to (by law) make out and semi-standardized interview with representatives of local and regional authorities
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