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Turgut Özal's notion of the secularism and modernisation
Siegl, Erik ; Malečková, Jitka (advisor) ; Pirický, Gabriel (referee) ; Kropáček, Luboš (referee)
This dissertation examines the relationship between Islam, secularism and modernisation in the development of the Turkish republic with particular focus on the former Prime minister and President Turgut Özal (1927-1993). It analyses his policies and thinking and puts them in the broader political and historic context based on comparison with ideological attitudes of the Kemalism and Islamism and in the context of the overall development of the state's policy towards religion. Turgut Özal led the Turkey for one decade (1983-1993). His leadership is seen by many contemporary observers in Turkey and foreign scholars as the groundbreaking period with respect to the modernisation and changing role of the Islam in the society. During his rule, Özal significantly strenghtened the state support of the Islam and thus further shifted the meaning of state's policy of secularism. Detailed analysis of his book "Turkey in Europe, Europe in Turkey" shows that his own notion of modernisation and secularism was at odds with Mustafa Kemal's ideas and practical policies as well as with the islamist conceptions of Necmettin Erbakan. In the frame of modern Turkish political thinking Özal thus represents a separate stream rooted in the tradition of right wing conservativism. In his practical policy Özal implemented a...
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The 2011 parliamentary elections in Turkey and their coverage in the Turkish press
Bóriková, Alžbeta ; Malečková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kučera, Petr (referee)
In the present work we provide a research on the Turkish domestic politics before the 2011 parliamentary elections. A detailed analysis of three Turkish daily newspapers (Cumhuriyet, Zaman and Milliyet) enabled us to identify major elections-related topics that appeared in the Turkish press during the political campaign. Our aim is to compare reactions and positions of different political parties and evaluate how a particular topic was being covered in the newspapers. The work especially focuses on the project of a new Constitution, the Kurdish issue, the state of Turkish democracy, the pre-election scandals and the key points of the political agenda of leading parties. In order to reach a better understanding of the current situation we study also the historical context of electoral system in Turkey and the formation of main political parties.
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Employment of women in Turkey
Zárubová, Martina ; Malečková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kučera, Petr (referee)
1 ABSTRAKT Employment of Turkish Women The causes of underemployment and unequal representation of women in the various economic sectors in Turkey should to be taken as a complex and interdisciplinary problem. This paper provides a summary of basic knowledge on the issue of Turkish women who are trying to succeed professionally. Analysis of statistical data of a certain period of time is a part of the employment survey. The history of the women's movement is introduced in order to understand the position of women at present-day Turkey. The particular aim of the thesis is to outline the differences in employment between men and women in Turkey. Keywords: women, employment, women's movement
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Awakened land: Uyghur ideas of nation and nationalism, 1889-1949
Klimeš, Ondřej ; Lomová, Olga (advisor) ; Newby, Laura (referee) ; Malečková, Jitka (referee)
The dissertation examines evolution of intellectual ideas of nation and nationalism of Uyghurs, a Turkic nation inhabiting today's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in northwestern China, throughout the period from 1880s to 1949. Primary sources of the research are texts written by Uyghur intellectuals throughout the period, in particular historiography works, poems, journalistic articles, memoires, political essays and propaganda pamphlets. Most of the sources have not been previously researched, the dissertation therefore presents new information and conclusions. The perceptions of nation and nationalism in the sources are also juxtaposed to several general authoritative approaches to nation-formation processes, such as those of Benedict Anderson, Ernst Gellner, Anthony Smith, Miroslav Hroch and John Breuilly. Based primarily on the criteria of historical chronology and content of the respective sources, the dissertation is structured into four empirical chapters. The first chapter examines perceptions of communal identity in late imperial period and illustrates that although at this stage Xinjiang Turkic intellectuals perceived their community as a clearly defined group, its communal interest did not outweigh interests of numerous local and social sub-groups. The second chapter outlines the transfer of...
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Alevis in the Federal Republic of Germany today
Pinerová, Klára ; Kropáček, Luboš (advisor) ; Malečková, Jitka (referee)
Title: Alevis in the Federal Republic of Germany Today Author: Klára Pinerová Department: Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Arts, Institute of Near Eastern and African Studies Supervisor: prof. PhDr. Luboš Kropáček, CSc. Alevis supported Atatürk's policy of secularization after World War I. The first President of the Republic of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, selected elements of Alevi culture with which to construct a new Turkish national identity. Although it appeared that the Alevi identity would dissolve and transform into a single Turkish one, in connection with changed religious policy in the 1980s, the Alevi religious movement instead began to internally mobilize and renew their cultural and religious identity. This was true not only for the Alevi movement in Turkey but also in Germany. Alevis managed to organize and create interconnected networks of organizations across Germany, Turkey and throughout Europe during the last twenty years demonstrate a confident public presence. Alevis in Germany emphasize that they are part of German society, not strangers. They established numerous clubs and organizations representative of the Alevi movement in the struggle for recognition of their rights as a religious group in Germany and in Turkey. They have integrated Alevi religious instruction...
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Environment for female employment in Oman: public policy and legal framework
Spring, Eva ; Gombár, Eduard (advisor) ; Malečková, Jitka (referee) ; Novotná, Yvona (referee)
Resume Presented dissertation discusses the topic of environment for female employment in the Sultanate of Oman as created by the state. The research is done on two levels. In the first one analysis of public policy and its implementation is presented, the second one examines the laws and legislative process. Besides analysis of the environment for female employment, the dissertation aims to pinpoint the gaps and obstacles in current planning and legal framework, and to offer recommendations for improving the situation. The study uses qualitative research methods, primarily contents and gender analysis, complemented by chronological descriptive method.
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Development and physical stability of semisolid preparation with vegetabele extract
Malečková, Jitka ; Musilová, Marie (referee) ; Doležal, Pavel (advisor)
An investigation presented was concern in development of a practically usable topical gel having incorporated the plant extracts containing flavonoids and polyphenols to stabilize the formulation. The functional stability of this plant extract before and after stability tests were evaluated using the stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH ) assays. A theoretical part of the thesis briefly summarizes basics about semisolid formulations focused in gels, namely carbomers, and the use of the topical formulation possesing antioxidant activity. An evaluation of the physical stability by texture analysis, temperature cycling test, centrifugation, change in colour, vibration and photostability test as well as functional stability (DPPH ) is also included in this part. An experimental part describes the techniques of determination of the total amount of phenolic compounds, preparation of the final formulation and evaluation of the influence of titanium dioxide and concentration of carbomer on texture properties and pH. Excepting texture analysis, determination of the physical stability was mostly performed with a visual evaluation, functional stability was determined with DPPH methodology. The results show high antioxidant activity of the extract and ability to use it for topical...
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On the borders of modernity: west and east in Turkish prose from the Tanzimat period until the Blue Anatolia movement.
Kučera, Petr ; Malečková, Jitka (advisor) ; Šedinová, Jiřina (referee) ; Celnarová, Xénia (referee)
This dissertation examines the construction of images of "West" and "East" in modern Turkish fiction from its beginnings in the 1870s to the end of the "Kemalist prose" in the 1950s. It shows how the process of Westernization of Turkish society is reflected in literature, how the alteristic discourse about "us" and "the Others", East and West, is developed in literary texts and what impact it has on the shaping of modern Turkish identity. Part I focuses on the period of the "literary Tanzimat" (1870s - 1890s) and analyzes the perception of West and East in the novels of Namk Kemal, Şemsettin Sami, Mizanc Murat, Samipaşazade Sezai, Nabizade Nazm, Beşir Fuad, Recaizade Mahmut Ekrem and Ahmet Midhat. Special attention is given to Ahmet Midhat who had been studying and comparing both civilizations all his life. In this part, we also attempt to reevaluate some of the prevalent views of the Ottoman cultural transformation in the 19th century. We argue that this transformation was not based on the duality and collision of Western and Ottoman-Islamic ideas, institutions, lifestyles or practices (alafranga vs. alaturka), but that it gave birth to a uniquely Ottoman modernity, coming to life on the borders of both epistemological and semiotical systems and embracing positively the "hybrid" character of Ottoman...
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Identifying flip floppers: changing attitudes towards suicide bombing in the Middle East
Malečková, Jitka ; Kovač, Dejan
Existing literature on attitudes towards terrorism is mainly based on a cross sectional analysis of data, providing insights in the differences among countries. This paper examines changes in public opinion on terrorism over time, utilizing the PEW Survey data on at titudes towards suicide bombing in the Middle East (specifically Egypt and Pakistan) from 2004 to 2011. Give n the lack of panel data, it uses the Markov chain methodology to compare changes in the distribution of people who approve of terrorism in order to identify specific demograp hic groups within a country that have a higher probability of switching between approval and disapproval of suicide bombing. Predicting future evolutio n of terror ism approval helps to identify outliers in the data. Year to year country level changes in approval of terrorism are divided into different subgroups to investigate whether the change is on aggregate level for the whole country or whether specific demograp hic groups are triggering the changes. The results of this research can inform policies aimed at reducing the rates of terrorism approval among specific demographic groups.
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Whose support matters for the occurrence of terrorism?
Malečková, Jitka ; Stanišić, Dragana
For the occurrence of international terrorism, it is important that the same people hold negative views on potential targets and approve of suicide terrorism. In the current paper, we intend to further develop this finding and analyze this “critical group”. We focus particularly on gender and education. The paper starts with a description of the data, followed by the statistical analysis and the article is concluded by a discussion, which suggests possible explanations of our findings.
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