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The comparison of the approaches of the European Court for Human Rights and the Supreme Court of the USA to some aspects of the freedom of expresion
Urban, Jan ; Wintr, Jan (advisor) ; Kühn, Zdeněk (referee)
65 IX. Summary This diploma thesis titled "The comparison of the approaches of the European Court for Human Rights and the Supreme Court of the USA to some aspects of the freedom of expression" is focused mainly on comparison of both mentioned approaches to hate speech. After the opening chapter that set goals of this thesis and explains topicality of the topic and the reasons why I have chosen the topic, in second chapter the concern is focused mainly on a general introduction, historical outcome to the freedom of expression and its importance in Europe and in the USA. In the overview of European historical outcome the chapter is concerned with the thinkers as John Milton and John Stuart Mill among the others. In the historical outcome of the USA I put my interest mainly to the outcome before enacting the First amendment of the Constitution of the USA. In third chapter, that is fully concerned with analysis of the contemporary approach of both courts to hate speech, firstly I provide general analysis of the approach of ECHR that is linked to the specific analysis of the particular decisions of the ECHR. I proceed in the same way in case of the USA, where I am describing the general principles that makes grounds for the freedom of expression and in the next part I focus to the particular decisions that are...
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Regulation of financial markets: Islam vs. conventional financial systems
Valachová, Sára ; Urban, Jan (advisor) ; Borkovec, Aleš (referee)
v anglickém jazyce This theses deals with the nature of Islamic banks and their products in the context of the regulation of financial markets and banking. Islamic banking can be understood as a banking activity that is consistent with sharia - Islamic law. Despite considerable obstacles that Islamic banking has faced in the past, it now occupies a significant and growing portion of the global financial system. In the first part, I will introduce the principles of Islamic law, on which Islamic banking is built, along with the key principles of Islamic finance. Special attention is also paid to the recent history of Islamic banking. Following is a section dealing with selected banking products offered by Islamic banks, whose understanding is crucial for the comprehension of the specific challenges that Islamic banks are facing. The second part is devoted to the issues of regulation of Islamic banks. Firstly, an overview of international regulatory institutions operating in the field of Islamic finance is given and I further explore the question of the impact of Basel III measures on Islamic banks. Due to its nature, Islamic banks are in need of further internal and external audit which examines compliance of their activities with Islamic law. This work is carried out by Sharia Supervisory Boards...
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The Influence of Normative Factors on Environmentally Friendly Consumer Beehavior
Dubcová, Barbora ; Urban, Jan (advisor) ; Rajchlová, Zuzana (referee)
The Influence of Normative Factors on Environmentally Friendly Consumer Behavior As consumer behavior is a type of environmentally significant behavior, it plays a fundamental role in environmental concerns of our time. In the long-term, current consumption and production patterns are not sustainable. The goal of this thesis was to investigate the influence of descriptive social norms on environmentally friendly consumer behavior using a randomized experiment quantitative approach. Data was collected using online surveys. Experiment results show that providing information about the behavior of others has an impact on how we perceive descriptive norms and that a change in descriptive norms influences our environmentally significant behavior intentions. This was, however, only confirmed under the circumstances when respondents identified themselves with a reference group, which was a carrier of descriptive norms. Thus, this thesis broadens our knowledge of the impact of descriptive norms on environmentally friendly behavior, because it was previously assumed that descriptive norms are a significant factor only in situations with strictly defined reference groups. On the contrary, this research shows the impact of descriptive norms even in cases of relatively abstract groups with defined criteria for...
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The possible development of Czech pension system
Nýdrle, Tomáš ; Urban, Jan (advisor) ; Pokorný, Jan (referee)
The Czech pension system will change substantially in the coming decades. Demographic changes will cause its financial instability while keeping its current parameters. Financial stability of the pension system can be reached through expenditure reduction and increase in revenues of the pension system. We can expect a real decline of the average pensions paid on the level of dozens of percentages in the coming decades. The decision between pay as you go and fund pension scheme is not affected by the demographic situation. The individuals should decrease their expenditures and ensure additional revenue in retirement to secure their standard of living. The family solidary can provide certain social security in retirement. The preservation of minimal level of population reproduction is vital for both pay as you go and fund pension schemes.
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Rent-seeking in the Czech legal system
Ševčík, Miroslav ; Urban, Jan (advisor) ; Bažantová, Ilona (referee)
Diploma paper "Rentseeking in the Czech legal system" is focused on the analysis of interest groups, their forms, procedures and instruments, which they use for rentseeking activities in the Czech Republic. The first section explains the concept rentseeking, the second part redefines this concept into national environment, the case studies are analyzed in the third part and the fourth is concentrated on specific interest groups in the Czech Republic.
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An analysis of some economic and legal aspects of governance of Central European joint-stock companies
Pustówka, Tomasz ; Urban, Jan (advisor) ; Hraba, Zdeněk (referee)
The Analysis of Some Economic and Legal Aspects of Corporate Governance of Central European Corporations There are three main goals of the thesis: 1) To identify the biggest economic risks of present Czech corporate governance 3) to recommend appropriate measures how to regulate corporate governance of publicly owned companies 2) to consider the question how appropriate it is to regulate corporate governance by hard law rules or when soft law rules could be appropriate enough. The thesis is divided into two parts - the theoretical part and the practical one. The theoretical part is subdivided into four chapters. The first contains a general introduction to the corporate governance, the second includes a description of the system of corporate governance regulation, the next one is dedicated to financial crisis impact on the corporate governance regulation, and the final chapter deals with the comparison of Polish and Czech law regulation of corporate governance in publicly owned companies. The practical part consists of three case studies. The first case study analysis the main findings of the report, which was worked out as a result of the independent audit of supervisory boards in publicly owned companies. The second case study examines the corporate governance system of state-owned companies PKN...
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Regulation in agriculture - application to the milk market
Voborníková, Tereza ; Hraba, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Urban, Jan (referee)
Regulations are often an object of interest of the economists. Some of them criticize regulations because they deform the market. The others appreciate their ability to redistribute the wealth in the society. The purpose of my thesis is to analyze the regulations in a specific agriculture market - production of milk. I supposed this part of agriculture market to be very interesting. There are some reasons: milk is a product of daily requirement, it is hardly to substitute, but still there are two levels of regulation - the European and the Czech one. The thesis is composed of six chapters. They are ordered from the general to particular facts. The used methods are mainly description and historical method. Interdisciplinary approach is also used. The first chapter focuses on the economic theory of regulation. The chapter is subdivided into parts that are dealing with market failures, capture theory, public interest, competition and monopoly. The conclusion of this chapter is as follows: the regulation in our economies exists because of the capture theory. Chapter Two explains the regulations on the European level. The conclusions of the previous chapter are proved and the reasons for regulation creating as well as its main problems are described. It also explains the reform of common agriculture...
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Organic food consumption as an example of pro-environmental behavior: application of the theory of planned behavior
Urban, Jan ; Šubrt, Jiří (advisor) ; Smith, Michael Lee (referee) ; Buriánek, Jiří (referee)
This work has two objectives. At the empirical level, it seeks to investigate the role of attitudinal, normative and other factors influencing the intention of Czech consumers to purchase organic food, specifically by exploiting the theoretical framework of the theory of planned behavior. On a more theoretical level, this thesis seeks to extend the theory of planned behavior by including descriptive norms in its framework and subjecting such extended theory to an empirical test. The dissertation proceeds in seven chapters. The first three chapters are introductory in the sense that they discuss the motivation for the present work, provide definitions of organic food, and attempt to establish the link between the choice of organic food, as an example of individual pro-environmental behavior, on the one hand, and processes that lead to environmental degradation on the other. Chapter 4 introduces the theory of planned behavior, its assumptions and empirical applications in various domains, including organic food consumption. The empirical data from a small (N=253) yet country-representative survey of the general adult population are described in Chapter 5, together with the method of structural equation modeling that is primarily used to analyze them. In Chapter 6 we test four empirical models of...
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Impro theatre - theatre sports in Czech Republic
Urban, Jan ; Christov, Petr (advisor) ; Pšenička, Martin (referee)
This thesis focuses on the Theatresports as a general category of improvisational theatre. Theoretically analyses their structure in terms of theatre studies and interprets the principles of this specific approach to theatre production, deals with their history and development, also is trying to establish a suitable theoretical and conceptual apparatus for them. It also reflects the decade of work of Theatresports in the Czech Republic, summarizes their characteristics and places them in context with other selected speeches theatrical improvisation on the Czech scene. Keywords: Theatresports, Keith Johnstone, improvisational theatre, improvisation, contemporary Czech theatre, Czech improvisational League
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