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Political discourse of infertility in the years 1989 - 2012 in the Czech Republic
Kostelecká, Hana ; Dudová, Radka (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
This thesis describes and analyses discourses that preceded the legislation changes regarding assisted reproduction in connection with setting an upper age limit for women who are undergoing assisted reproduction treatments in socialist system as well as in democratic system. This work defined discourses of both political systems compares with the accent on governmentality as a tool for population control. This analysis is valuable primarily because of describing principles of working the whole "system of assisted reproduction" and provides insight into the political discourse of infertility, respective on its part concerning the Czech legislation taking into account the phenomenon of reproductive tourism. No one from the topics - both the political discourse of infertility then the reproductive tourism have not had been in the Czech literature written up yet. The work shows the establishment of proper parenting standards in the political discourse through the topic of artificial insemination. Key words Infertility, assisted reproduction, reproductive tourism, discourse, frames, normality of motherhood, prekarization of infertility, governmentality, biopower, Michel Foucault
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Voluntary childlessness as a social phenomenon
Vychová, Šárka ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Černý, Karel (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the topic of voluntary childlessness, which, among other things, with regard to the low birth rate, resonates by our society. Its aim is to describe the concept of voluntary childlessness from a sociological point of view, to summarize existing sociological researches on this topic, and primarily to analyze the opinions and motives of women who have opted for voluntary childlessness. For the practical part is used qualitative method of Grounded Theory. The research itself takes the form of in-depth semi-structured interviews, which, thanks to the possibility of responding to specific communication partners, offer the opportunity to look into the lives and values of voluntarily childless women. The conclusion summarizes and interprets knowledge about the opinions and motives of voluntarily childless and offers the professional public a better understanding of this issue.
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Image of the enemy in the discourse of security forces
Jeřábková, Darina ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Cviklová, Lucie (referee)
The "internal enemy" was a formal term heavily represented in the language of the State Security (a secret service of the Czechoslovak Republic and Czechoslovak Socialist Republic), denoting a specified category of opponents to the then regime. The State Security's task was to protect the socialist and social system by fighting the external and internal enemies, with the security forces having been the authorities deciding who met the criteria. The thesis entitled "The Internal Enemy Image in the Discourse of Security Forces" aims to find out how the discourse of the State Security defined the term "internal enemy". The thesis is divided into the theoretical and empirical parts. The empirical part applies the qualitative analysis of the discourse to search for the characteristic of the term "internal enemy". All of the texts analysed in the thesis come from the Security Services Archive, administering relevant files of the era, and date back to the 1950s-1980s.
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The ideal of women beauty before and after 1989 - discourse analysis of Vlasta magazine
Bělinová, Helena ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Šmídová, Olga (referee)
The thesis interprets the ideal of women beauty before and after 1989 in terms of sociological and culture discourse in Vlasta magazine. The key premise of the thesis is the claim that ideal of women beauty differs before and after 1989. It is possible to expect influence of politic system, social structure and culture forms on discourse of women beauty. Character of this thesis is theoretically-empiric. The sociologic gender theory serves as the frame for chosen topic. Research is based on analysis of discourse of women beauty in Vlasta magazine in 1975 and 2005. The goal of overall analysis is to provide series of detailed analysis which describe general magazine topics and role of the magazine in certain historical period beside discourse of beauty. I have chosen qualitative sociological method called discursive analysis for my thesis. Ambition of the thesis is to analyze one specific social discourse and introduce all key social, historical and culture aspects which can influence the discourse and use Vlasta magazine as its concrete case. Keywords Ideal of women beauty, discourse, media discourse, gender, discursive analysis, Vlasta magazine, transformation, socialism, media, gender stereotypes, gender socialization
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Guilt and responsibility in the context of criminal law: Discursive practices and strategies
Vávra, Martin ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Válková, Helena (referee) ; Večeřa, Miloš (referee)
The thesis deals with the ways political and expert (especially legal and criminological) discourses formulate and reproduce the meanings, assumptions and definitions constructing the man as a subject of criminal law, a subject responsible for his actions. It focuses on the ways the political domain (in particular, the lower and upper chambers of the Czech Parliament) and the scientific domain (in particular, legal science, criminology and psychiatry) form and formulate the opinions of "criminal law" and the ways these opinions are reflected in meanings embodied in criminal law itself. Methodologically, the thesis builds on critical discourse analysis. Put in plain language, what makes discourse significant is the oppression it brings upon us by defining what can be said about the world and how one can meaningfully act in it. Thus, it is not (only) a reflection of another, more real reality and it cannot be fully reduced to some other social phenomena. Therefore, by investigating discourse, one can identify the assumptions social actors build on and the argumentative frameworks they apply in discourse. The theory section formulates premises for the subsequent analysis of specific topics related to the formulation of "criminal" guilt and responsibility. After a short review of sociological...
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Gender and manpower in production companies in the Chomutov region
Kroupová, Michaela ; Dudová, Radka (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
Diploma thesis "Gender and manpower in production companies in the Chomutov region" is focused on historically and sociologically oriented research of employment of men and women in production companies in the Chomutov region over last 50 and 70 years respectively. The main aspects which are included in the theoretical part of this work are gender relations in the production companies, that is the history of the employment of women, horizontal and vertical gender segregation including wages and salaries and employee education. The analyzed data are from the period of mid 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century and focus primarily on the production companies of The Tube and Iron Rolling Mill and their current successor Sandvik. By means of data analysis, the methodical part of the thesis describes differences and changes which have ocurred in the horizon of last 50 and 70 years in the manpower employment in production companies with respect to gender. KEYWORDS Gender, Feminism, Manpower, Socialism, The Tube and Iron Rolling Mill, Production, Chomutov
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Roma on the pillory - punishment of the Roma in the course of 20. century through the eyes of the public policies
Novotná, Andrea ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Gramskopf, Rostislav (referee)
The submitted diploma thesis focuses on the discursive analysis of period documents, drawn from archives, laws, parliamentary debates, other expert texts and researches. The aim of the diploma thesis is to find an answer to the question of how public policies approached to crime and punishment of Roma during the 20th century in the Czechoslovakia, later in the Czech Republic (from 1918 to 2000). The diploma thesis seeks to reveal how public policies approached the Roma as a minority in general, what information they based their decisions on their punishment, what measures they proposed for their re-education and assimilation, and how the public was informed through the periodical and therefore how it was formed public opinion about this minority. The analytical part of the work is based on the basic ideas of important sociologists, including Anthony Giddens, Erving Goffman, Pierre Bourdieu and Michel Foucault. Keywords: Roma, period documents, punishment, public policy, assimilation
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Residential satisfaction of seniors in Hradec Králové
Trpík, Aleš ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Šalanda, Bohuslav (referee)
The submitted master thesis deals with the residential satisfaction of seniors in selected parts of the city of Hradec Králové. The main aim is to evaluate and compare the residential satisfaction of seniors in Malšovice and Slezské Předměstí. In particular, the evaluation of the overall residential satisfaction and the evaluation of the residential satisfaction in relation to selected aspects of the physical environment and public amenities of the city. An analysis of the positives and the negatives of the researched districts and the shopping behavior of seniors within the city are added to these findings. This thesis is theoretically based on the current state of the research in the field of residential satisfaction and it also takes into account the results of research on the everyday life and mobility of seniors in Czech cities. On the basis of this theoretical knowledge, the evaluated public amenities and aspects of the environment that are important for a group of seniors and contribute to their residential satisfaction were selected. The research was carried out using a questionnaire survey in the streets of the surveyed districts. Open-ended and closed-ended questions were analyzed. The age of respondents was limited in this thesis to adults aged 65 years and older.
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Perception of foreigners in Czech society
Novotná, Kateřina ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Černý, Karel (referee)
The submitted diploma thesis deals with the view of the majority society on the population of foreigners in the Czech Republic. In recent years, this is a frantically discussed topic, which is given a lot of space in terms of quantity, but not in terms of quality, taking into account the number of publications and research. The aim of the thesis is to find out how individuals belonging to the majority population perceive foreigners mainly with regard to partial topics, which are the actor's definition of foreigners, prejudices and stereotypes against foreigners, interest in this issue, attitudes towards foreigners from different countries or areas and experiences with foreigners. These views and attitudes were obtained through qualitative methodology, specifically through semi-structured interviews. The research involved informants across basic demographic indicators (gender, age, education, size of place of residence). Due to the qualitative nature of the research, it is not possible to generalize the results of the work directly to the entire majority population. However, they provide a comprehensive insight into the structure and conditionality of attitudes towards foreigners. Key words: foreigner, stay in the Czech Republic, prejudice, stereotype, attitude
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