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Development of the limb skeleton in the Anura
Kocábková, Martina ; Roček, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Slípka, Jaroslav (referee)
Development of the limb skeleton in the Anura Bc. Martina Kocábková Abstract Although the morphology of frogs has been the subject of several studies, results of these are often incomplete and confusing. There are only several detailed studies of morphological variability in ontogeny of anuran limbs and even these results are difficult to compare. Therefore I have decided to map some of the diversity encountered in the ontogeny of these elements. This study is based on comparative study of ontogenetic series of nine anuran species which are representing the principal locomotor types. The results support that the basic developmental pattern was similar in all species. However there are some differences in details of ontogeny which are involved in the differentiation of carpus and tarsus.
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Relations of incidence of human defensin to cell cycle regulation in the airways mucosa
Pácová, Hana ; Astl, Jaromír (advisor) ; Slípka, Jaroslav (referee) ; Šterzl, Ivan (referee)
The chronic inflammation in tonsilar (chronic tonsilitis) and nasal (polyposis nasi) tissue has quite a lot of similarities. The chronic inflammation and malignant transformation are biological processes controlled by many cytokines taking part in the process of cell to cell signaling and it is also known that chronic inflammation can be accepted as a factor facilitating the conversion of malignant process. The aim of this project was to follow and prove a potentional role of antimicrobial peptides, eNOS, VEGF, TGF- and the level of cell proliferation (Ki-67 marker) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3) in the development of nasal polyposis and chronic tonsillitis and to determine the relationship between the inflammatory and malignant processes in tonsils. Samples were obtained from patients with nasal septum deviation and SAS - sleep apnoe syndrom (as healthy controls), nasal polyposis, chronic tonsillitis and oropharyngeal carcinoma. Immunohistochemical procedures for detection of all studied substances and antigen determinants were carried out on cryostat and paraffin sections. (...) Summarizing it can be concluded that malign transformation can be facilitated by the attenuation of the local mucosal immunity (the reduction in beta-defensins synthesis - especially HBD-2) but also by hypoxia - the...
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Ontogenetický vývoj nasální oblasti u Discoglossus pictus (Anura: Discoglossidae)
Královec, Karel ; Roček, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Míšek, Ivan (referee) ; Slípka, Jaroslav (referee)
Using histological techniques and computer-aided three-dimensional reconstructions made from serial histological sections, I studied the ontogenetic development of the ethmoidal endocranium and nasal chemosensory organs in discoglossid frog Discoglossus pictus. The nasal cartilages, including the inferior prenasal cartilage, are de novo adult structures. The only larva-derived structures of the adult nasal capsules are the posterior aspects of the solum nasi and septum nasi. I identify a pattern of development for the suprarostral cartilage that differs from previous findings, and probably represents the ancestral anuran pattern. I also identify patterns of development for the ethmoid plate and postnasal wall that occur during early in ontogenesis. The pattern of timing of chondrification of the anterior nasal cartilages more closely coincides with that of the neobatrachian species than that recorded for the pelobatid frog Spea. The olfactory epithelium in larval D. pictus represents one continuous unit of tissue not divided into two separate portions. However, it forms distinct ventromedial diverticulum embeded into roof of the buccal cavity. This particular arrangement may enhance chemosensory sampling during larval period and this diverticulum might be homologous with the ventral olfactory...
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Oral morphogenesis in the Mexican axolotl: developmental origin of tooth germs in evolutionary contexts
Soukup, Vladimír ; Černý, Robert (advisor) ; Slípka, Jaroslav (referee)
Mouth in the majority of vertebrates develops throughout an ectodermal stomodeum which posteriorly contacts the foregut endoderm, together forming an oropharyngeal membrane. This ecto-/ endodermal membrane gradually thins and become eventually perforated, which causes opening of the stomodeal cavity into the pharynx. Teeth are then understood as organs arising within the stomodeal part of the mouth, where the ectodermal epithelium produces tooth enamel and neural crest mesenchymal cells form dentine and tooth pulp. This project was meant to study the dynamics of the ectoderm and endoderm during the formation of mouth and teeth in the Mexican axolotl. By utilizing transplantations of the oral ectoderm from GFP-transgenic embryos and injections of fluorescent tracer DiI into the endoderm, it was possible to follow the fate of both germ-layers during the course of embryonic development into details. By using this approach it was demonstrated that the mouth in the axolotl develops in a different way, i.e. via the stomodeal collar. Teeth were found to arise within the stomodeal collar ectoderm as well as in the more posteriorly situated endodermal areas. Moreover, some tooth germs were generated also directly at the ecto-/ endodermal boundary. Thus, the formation of teeth does not seem to primarily...
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Risk factors for Reinkeho edema and the possibility of their influence
Pavelec, Václav ; Slípka, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Sobotka, Pavel (referee) ; Chrobok, Viktor (referee)
1) The emergence Reinkeho edema significantly contributes to menopause. It is one of the most important factors. Our data suggest that it would not be so if they were women hormonally substituted. The second most important moment for the recurrence of RE are manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux. It can be accompanied by reflux laryngofaryngeálnlm, but not necessarily. It seems that its influence may be indirect, through vagal innervation (reflex). Uncover and reflux time it zaléčit proton pump is essential for proper treatment. Diagnostic methods are different with regard to the patient's good to find the least burdensome method. Dynamic scintigraphy of the esophagus is in such examination. Antibodies against HP in the stool indicate the need to treat helikobakteriózu regardless of the extent of gastrointestinal symptoms. Essential for initiation of drug treatment finding Reinkeho edema as one of the manifestations of GERD. HP eradication can be achieved by the use of proton pump inhibitors. In refractory cases the H + blocker or associated with typical gastroenterological problems, we recommend to treat the patient with antibiotics and chemotherapeutics Smoking has a significant influence on the RE, especially if the patient stops smoking after surgery, relapse escapes with great hope. We do not at...
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The role of growth factors in the pathogenesis of papillary thyroid cancer
Veselý, David ; Betka, Jan (advisor) ; Nečas, Emanuel (referee) ; Slípka, Jaroslav (referee)
This thesis deals with the role of growth factors in the pathogenesis of thyroid gland tumors. There exist a lot of studies describing growth factors production or occurrence directly in the thyroid tissue. The aim of this thesis was to find possible differences in serum concentrations of growth factors in patients with thyroid adenoma and papillary cancer and in healthy people. The finding of suitable peripheral marker could be used in thyroid tumors diagnosis in the future. There was also detected growth factors production by normal thyroid gland and papillary thyroid cancer in a dynamic model of flow tissue culture, under the influence of stimulating substances. The aim was a more detailed understanding of particular growth factors role in a process of thyroid oncogenesis. Growth factors are polypeptides, proteins and glycoproteins with an informative and regulatory function. They have mainly local effects in tissues - autocrine and paracrine. They form an extensive cytokine network in the organism, with complicated synergic and antagonistic linkages. They are not specific for concrete cells, tissues or pathological processes. Many growth factors are products of oncogenes and take part in a process of tumors origin and growth. The most frequently refered growth factors related to thyroid gland tumors are...
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