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English existential and existential-locative constructions (there + be) and their Czech counterparts
Rubešová, Michaela ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
The analysis of the syntactic structure of the notional subject NP confirmed the indefinite and zero articles to be the most frequent determiners. Being used to introduce the S on the scene, they occur mainly with the common nouns denoting concrete entities in the Exist and Exist-loc types. The newness of the S in Czech is implied by the word order, in which it typically occupies the end position indicating its rhematic function. The indefinite article is also the prevailing determiner of the singular count nouns in the Actional constructions, whose Czech counterparts may be subjectless verbal or nominal clauses. The Actional constructions containing notional subjects determined by a zero article are usually reflected in Czech sentences containing both the subject and predicate; the predicate reflects the subject action noun and the subject is added to the Czech structure to express the agent of the verbal action. There is a tendency for the adjectival premodifiers of the English notional subjects to become the adverbial premodifiers of the corresponding Czech predicates. Another determiner often appearing in the subject NP is the negative quantifier no. Interestingly, it has proved to be the most common means of forming negation in there constructions as opposed to the negative particle not. Again, Czech...
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The noun phrase in the spoken and written academic monologue
Slówik, Ondřej ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
Noun phrase is the most versatile type of phrase in English both in terms of its syntactic function and its complexity. Syntactically, it can serve as the realization form of any clause element except for the finite clause predicate. It can only perform the predicative function in verbless clauses (e.g. The door!), which are generally rare and stylistically marked. As far as its internal structure is concerned, the noun phrase may comprise a single word (e.g. London, I) but its complexity may increase considerably due to extensive modification (e.g. the second stunningly beautiful lady from London who arrived yesterday) The aim of this B.A. thesis is the analysis of the noun phrase structure in written and spoken academic monologue. Its task will be to prove the assumption that although the number of noun phrases in written and spoken academic monologues do not differ significantly, their structure and complexity is different. Spoken and written English differ in many aspects. Written language is usually prepared in advance whereas spoken language is always partially impromptu even if it is planned ahead of time. Generally, some kinds of linguistic structures, including complex phrasal structures, are difficult to produce in real-time circumstances. A speaker would also place himself in a complicated...
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Teacher's attitudes and beliefs regarding English grammar teaching
Čížková, Lucie ; Gráf, Tomáš (advisor) ; Malá, Markéta (referee)
(in English) This diploma thesis focuses on teachers' attitudes and beliefs regarding English grammar teaching at Czech high schools. The thesis is based on the assumption that teachers' decisions and actions in ESL and EFL teaching are motivated by what teachers know, think and believe. It takes the concept of teacher cognition as a starting point. The research part ot the thesis is based on a questionnaire survey among Czech high-school teachers. It aims to observe teachers' beliefs about English grammar teaching and learning and to describe the way Engligh grammar is taught at Czech high schools. The main areas which the research focuses on are grammar teaching approaches, grammar practice, grammatical error correction, the use of L1 in teaching grammar and the use of coursebooks. Moreover, the thesis observes teachers' position towards the concept of method with respect to the recent trend discussed in ELT research - the post-method condition which redefines the relationship of 'method' and a teacher who is understood as a critical and creative strategic thinker.
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English present perfect and its Czech translation counterparts
Losmanová, Milena ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Brůhová, Gabriela (referee)
This bachelor thesis describes the meanings of the English present perfect and the factors leading to identification of the specific meaning in a given sentence. Czech translations of English sentences are used as indicators of the meaning. The analysis is based on 100 examples of the English present perfect and their Czech translation counterparts excerpted from the InterCorp paralel corpus. The Czech counterparts have been analysed especially with respect to the verbal categories of time and aspect (vid) as well as the temporal adjuncts. Apart from the syntactic-semantic features of verbs, the context factors of the English sentences that may influence the perfect (adverbials of time, method of incorporation of the present perfect into multiple sentence etc.) have been analysed. The aim of this thesis is to answer the question posed by Vilém Mathesius whether there is a correspondence between the perfect tense and the pefective aspect in Czech. Key words: present perfect, Czech aspect
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English first person plural imperative clauses and their Czech counterparts
Zvěřinová, Simona ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
The present thesis studies the English 1st person plural imperative clause. Specifically it focuses on outlining the various possible categories of illocutionary force expressed by it. Czech translation counterparts of the clause are used as an ancillary means of determining these categories. In the process of utilising these counterparts during the analysis, the study also identifies specific markers in the Czech language helpful in determining categories of illocutionary force of the English originals. The thesis is comprised of two main parts. The first, theoretical part focuses on describing the grammatical form of the 1st person plural imperative clause, on forming the framework of discourse function and categories of illocutionary force as utilised by the study, on summarising the distribution of the 1st person plural imperative clause across the fields of discourse and on outlining the various syntactic and/or lexical means through which the Czech language expresses the directive discourse function. The second, empirical part analyses one hundred examples of English 1st person imperative clauses and their Czech counterparts from the parallel translation corpus InterCorp.
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A comparison of progressive forms in English and Albanian
Borshi, Orkida ; Klégr, Aleš (advisor) ; Malá, Markéta (referee)
On a very general level we can say that the results of the Project Research support the claims made by the authors of the surveyed literature in the Theoretical Overview, i.e., that the progressive forms in Albanian really exist. However, our research has qualified the observations on Albanian progressive constructions in the literature in one important respect: it has, perhaps surprisingly, shown that the po-constructions (in spite of their restriction to the present and imperfect) rather than the jam + duke forms are by far the more common of these two formal means of expressing progressiveness in Albanian. The prevalence of the po-constructions over the duke ones is surprising because the present/imperfect tense restrictions of the po-constructions are not the only ones. Other tenses are not allowed to combine with the po-constructions for diverse reasons (the preterite because of its terminative nature, the future tense because of the particles do te and the impossibility of po to combine with other particles before the verb). Another limitation that appeared in both parts ofthis study is the impossibility of the progressive po particle to accompany verbs denoting repetition or habit. If we were to speculate on the reasons for the prevalence of the po-constructions over the duke ones, we suppose that it...
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Analysis of stylistic features in English and Czech radio debates
Neubauerová, Alena ; Dušková, Libuše (advisor) ; Malá, Markéta (referee)
This MA thesis focuses on the stylistically marked features that occur in an English radio debate called Any Questions? aired by BBC - Radio 4 and a Czech radio debate called Speciál Martina Veselovského aired on Český rozhlas 1 - Radiožurnál. Stylistically marked features are restricted to certain kinds of social context: in the case of this thesis, it is two radio debates broadcast by public service media. Those linguistics features that are considered stylistically marked in the two debates are identified on the morphological, syntactical and lexical level, and classified into categories based upon a view of their functions. Subsequently, they are described as standard or nonstandard. Some of the features found are shared by both debates. However, some are, due to the different language systems concerned, symptomatic of only one of the languages. The difference between the English and the Czech stylistically marked features is also revealed as to the frequency of their occurrence. Finally, the conclusions about the level of informality of the two debates are drawn.
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English adverbial participial constructions and their Czech and French translation counterparts
Chmelařová, Jitka ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
Participial constructions are usually studied as means of complex condensation, the degree of which is directly related with the typology of the given language. The present thesis focuses rather on the functions of these constructions in English and their reflection in Czech and French translation counterparts. Previous research suggests that syntactic congruence will be rare. Translation counterparts should include instances of coordination and subordination, the latter of which is associated with explicitation of the implied semantic relations. Excerpts for the analysis are drawn from the parallel corpus InterCorp. The 100 excerpts of English adverbial participial constructions were excerpted only from original English texts, along with their Czech and French translation counterparts. The present BA thesis focuses only on -ing participial constructions. The excerpts are analysed in terms of the English construction (syntactic structure, degree of integration, position, presence of subordinators, semantic relation to the superordinate clause) and in terms of the type of translation correspondence in both languages (congruent/ divergent counterpart, its syntactic structure and function).
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The word-formation process of conversion in the language of internet PC games forums and reviews
Filipová, Anežka ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Klégr, Aleš (referee)
The thesis treats grammatical conversion as a word formation process. Conversion is characteristic of the English language and on the basis of the frequency of its usage, in both the formal and the informal registers, it may be suggested that this process has no limitations. The colloquial language, however, is especially prone to make use of this word formation process. Moreover, due to its relatively recent occurrence in the word formation system, it may be proposed that conversion has the potential of even wider use in the future in creating new lexicon. The thesis attempts to show that this potential is already evident in the synchronous state of the language, not only in the high productivity of conversion, but also due to its versatility.
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Destiny of French as a Language of Diplomacy: Situation in the Czech Republic
Malá, Markéta ; Klinka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Listíková, Renáta (referee)
The Diploma thesis deals with the current status of French as a language of diplomacy and with the role and the position of French in the Czech Republic. The goal of the theoretical part is to define the term diplomacy, to summarize significant periods of French language in the history of diplomacy, to deal with the factors which influence language status and to observe competitors of French. It focuses on six selected languages: English, Spanish, Russian, German, Arabic and Chinese. It is trying to show the particularities of French as a diplomatic language. In the practical part, its goal is firstly to outline diplomatic organizations in our country and to describe their function. On the basis of the latest statistics and other collected data by means of interviews, the thesis illustrates the changes which can be traced in the language recently. Concerning the Czech Republic, it shows the changes caused by the accession to the EU and by the introduction of the CEFRL. In the end, it suggests three possible hypotheses of subsequent development of the French language in the world. KEYWORDS French language, status, diplomacy, global language, evolution, competitors, diplomatic organizations, language education
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