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(Gender-Neutral) Conscription in the Nordic Countries' Armed Forces
Šťastníková, Štěpánka ; Plechanovová, Běla (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
While conscription has been experiencing a modest, albeit notable comeback in the past decade, the emergence of its gender-neutral variant is largely overlooked. Through a comparative case study of Norway, Sweden, and Finland, this thesis explores the reasons that led to or hindered the introduction of gender-neutral conscription in the three Nordic countries. Given the countries' similarities in many areas, the thesis aims to explain why Norway and Sweden introduced gender-neutral conscription, whereas Finland retained conscription only for men. To do that, the three cases are analysed using an original framework based on the surveyed literature, which features the following factors: national security situation, role and character of conscription, its legitimisation, integration of women into the military and thematization of gender equality in the military. On the one hand, the analysis identifies common patterns in the cases of Norway and Sweden across most of the factors. In the two countries, the security situation was perceived to be relatively favourable, conscription was used as a tool for the recruitment of future active-duty soldiers and thus the practice was considerably selective, conscription was reformulated to address changing circumstances, women were integrated into the military...
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Examining Rio's pacification strategy in dialogue with a critically revised securitisation framework: an Immanent Critique
Kirchhoff, Vincent ; Ludvík, Jan (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
This dissertation approaches Rio de Janeiro's public security policy of 'pacification' implemented since 2008 from a critical perspective. Widely hailed for being an innovative solution approach to the city's exorbitant levels of lethal violence and perceived as being conducive to a well-grounded approximation process aimed at unifying the 'divided city', it is the purpose of this dissertation to contextualise the public policy with the historical and socio-cultural fundament upon which it is based. The researcher makes use of a critically revised framework of securitisation theory, thus allowing for the examination of the power-knowledge nexus nurturing the securitising discourse. To examine the latter, a wide array of speech act material including official speeches and interviews published on official government websites, Brazilian mainstream media, and video-sharing websites will be analysed. The critical analysis will be placed in dialogue with the socio-cultural context from which it originates by drawing on analytical techniques of critical discourse analysis, connecting the said with the social. For this purpose, the socio-historical process of Brazilian nation-building will be retraced, shedding light onto institutionalised modes of domination that guide state action and its policies. The...
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Prevention of threats to Galileo Global Navigation Satellite System
Kouba, Tomáš ; Doboš, Bohumil (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis presents a single case study exploring how the Galileo Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), a European autonomous navigation system, deals with threats. Space systems nowadays face many types of dangers including electronic, cyber, kinetic physical, directed energy or natural attacks. At this point, since Galileo GNSS is one of the most advanced technologies that is also considered to be a strategic one (for EU and ESA), it is important to reveal and describe the system's vulnerabilities to external material or technical threats. This diploma thesis describes the history, development, current situation and position of Galileo GNSS on the global scene. Furthermore, this thesis will summarize the possible material threats to space objects and finally operationalize them to the conditions of Galileo. The prevention measures identified as insufficient or improvement-worthy are then presented with recommendations for possible future development or enhancing factors which would increase Galileo's strategic service (PNT) safety.
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Deradicalization Programs in the MENA Region Countries: A Comparative Study of Libya and Saudi Arabia
Gribanova, Elizaveta ; Kocmanová, Markéta (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
This study investigates deradicalization programs in Libya and Saudi Arabia. The main goal of the research is to examine and assess deradicalization programs' impact on MENA region security. The research provides with an opportunity to understand the complex nature of deradicalization programs in both countries, prerequisites for their emergence, as well as the uniqueness of each of the programs, taking into account the historical background. The MENA region has always been at the center of discussions, scientific research and debate due to its instability and the rapid spread of terrorism, which has turned the problem of ensuring security into a challenge for the entire world community. The comparative case study with the help of the interpretation method help design and further develop recommendations that were created based on the information collected about deradicalization programs. The thesis also helps to understand the uniqueness of the programs, their complexity and proves that deradicalization programs are an effective measure within the framework of the counter-terrorism strategy. The thesis highlights four main criteria for comparing the deradicalization programs of Saudi Arabia and Libya, thanks to which a comparative analysis was carried out. The thesis consists of theoretical and...
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Threats to Ireland by the United Kingdom during the Second World War, Testing the Theory of Buffer State
Burian, Tomáš ; Kofroň, Jan (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
Fear of state's death is considered to be the most important motivation for its actions, therefore it is very important topic not only for states themselves. What if state was placed in mortal danger through no fault of its own, simply because of its geographical location? Should states fear for their security because of being caught between two rivals? Tanisha Fazal focused on such cases and developed a theory around these questions. According to her theory, many states that were located between two rivals had an increased threat to their security only because of their location, and often afterwards the state died for the same reason. Aim of this work is to extend Fazal's quantitative testing by case that she herself did not include in her theory and at the same time to test the theory qualitatively. The theory is being tested on the case of Eire between 1923 and 1955 Based on the analysis of historical data, we determine whether Eire's geographical location between two rivals, Germany and the United Kingdom, was the reason for the increased threat to their security, primarily from the United Kingdom. After examining the mentioned time period, we find evidence to confirm our hypothesised expectations and that confirms Tanisha Fazal's theory in the case of Eire.
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The Influence of the Korean War on the U.S. Foreign Policy toward the Indochina and Vietnam Wars
Špes, Jakub ; Soukup, Jaromír (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
This thesis examines the impact of the Korean War on U.S. foreign policy toward the wars in Indochina and Vietnam during the Cold War. The Korean War, which took place from 1950 to 1953, had profound and indelible consequences for U.S. foreign policy, particularly toward Southeast Asia, and the experience and erudition gained in the Korean War influenced the United States' approach to the wars in Indochina and Vietnam from 1954 to 1975. For this thesis, I have drawn on scholarly literature and analysis of official U.S. State Department documents published in a compilation entitled Foreign Relations of the United States. The thesis is divided into three main parts: in the first I describe terms associated with overall American foreign policy during the second half of the twentieth century, in the second I briefly summarize the Korean War, and in the third I discuss Indochina, Vietnam, and lessons from Korea. The thesis concludes with the verdict that the Korean War had a profound impact on U.S. foreign policy toward the wars in Indochina and Vietnam.
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David and Goliath: Aspects of Air Warfare in the China-Taiwan Confrontation
Maxa, Jaroslav ; Kofroň, Jan (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
The prospect of a Chinese invasion of Taiwan and the impact it would have on the region has been a subject of concern for many years. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the potential outcome of air warfare in such an event, focusing on changes in Chinese and Taiwanese military capabilities over time. Drawing on previous RAND Corporation research published over the past two decades, this thesis examined two aspects of a potential Chinese invasion, the possibility of a disarming strike against Taiwanese air defenses and air bases, and the possible outcome of air warfare. To accomplish this, the critical variables from previous studies were examined and the development of their values was assessed through a mixture of quantitative and qualitative analysis. The thesis finds that China currently has the upper hand in military capabilities, making it unlikely that Taiwan could sustain a full-scale air war without U.S. support. The study also discusses possible future developments in the contest for air superiority over Taiwan in the next decade and offers policy implications for Taiwan to maintain close ties with its allies and invest in its military capabilities, especially air defense.
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Anticonflict teams of police in the Czech Republic and neighboring countries focusing on large security measures
Koryčanský, Martin ; Ludvík, Jan (advisor) ; Krulík, Oldřich (referee)
Police anti-conflict teams in the Czech Republic and neighbouring countries have become an integral and important part of security measures involving large numbers of persons. Based on the statistical data resulting from their deployment, I evaluate their contribution, character and use in the course of various types of security measures from their establishment until 2019 within the internal security of the Czech Republic and maintaining the public order. I describe the current educational system of members of anti-conflict police teams, possibilities and limits of their use and possible deficiencies in this work. Last but not least, I focus on the comparison of the Czech anti conflict police team with foreign countries, not only within the European Union, but also in the Balkan countries and Ukraine. I also focus on leading and functioning of anti-conflict police teams in some Police Regional Directorates, the way of their management and coordination both during security measures and from the methodological point of view. I mention the ambitious Project Norway 3, which will bring the material equipment of team members corresponding to the 21st century. I do not forget as well the probe into the psychology of the crowd and the work of a member of the anti-conflict police team including selected...
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China's rise and rivalry with the U.S. in the 21st century: Challenges for nonproliferation and nuclear reversal
Mai, Chelsea Lashawn Burgundie ; Ludvík, Jan (advisor) ; Kaczmarski, Marcin (referee)
The implications of US-China rivalry on nuclear nonproliferation and nuclear reversal have become evident in major strategic regions across the globe particularly the Korean Peninsula, the Indo-Pacific, and the Middle East. On the Korean Peninsula, the US interest lies in maintaining stability in Northeast Asia and shielding its allies from potential nuclear confrontation with North Korea, while China views North Korea as a buffer state against Washington because of the US's military presence and strong alliances with Beijing's neighbors South Korea and Japan. In the Middle East, the US and Iran have had a long hostile relationship shaped by sanctions and animosity. However, it is against the backdrop of hostile US-Iran relations that the strength of China-Iran relations can be understood. Beijing has positioned itself to be an alternative great power partner to the US in the Middle East. Beijing has sought out cooperation with Tehran where the US has relied on heavy sanctions. The different lens through which these great powers view North Korea and Iran shape their differing nonproliferation policy actions toward these regions. This will sometimes lead to a clash in nonproliferation policies between Washington and Beijing. The clash in policies presents major challenges for US-led nuclear reversal...
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