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Cyber Security Stagnation in Indonesia and the Philippines: a Comparative Case Study of their Strategies
Kurta, Noémie Claire Lea ; Kaczmarski, Marcin (vedoucí práce) ; Střítecký, Vít (oponent)
UOG: 2718439K / DCU: 21111014 / CU: 85819125 Abstract This dissertation has the purpose to find out whether the cyber security strategy of Indonesia is a factor for its cyber stagnation. It is a comparative case study, in which I compare the reactions of Indonesia and the Philippines toward cyberattacks. These reactions being different, I chose to analyse the cyber security strategy of Indonesia focusing on the motivation of the country to have a cyber security strategy, the approaches used in this strategy, the structure of the strategy and its content. Each part will be analysed with the realist tradition, the constructivist tradition and the risk management theory. I will also take the Filipino strategy as a standpoint to demonstrate the various problems of the cyber security strategy of Indonesia. This dissertation will prove that the Indonesian cyber security strategy is largely responsible for the cyber stagnation of the country.
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Deploying French forces on French soil: Using the armed forces to combat domestic terrorism and the implications for civil-military relations
Eberhart, Linus Cornelis ; Kaczmarski, Marcin (vedoucí práce) ; Kaunert, Christian (oponent)
2683817E Deploying French forces on French soil Using the armed forces to combat domestic terrorism and the implications for civil-military relations Abstract For civilian observers, it is not always clear whether violence is a military threat or one that can be countered by traditional law enforcement means. Terrorism in its various manifestations contributes to this confusion, as the war on terror has been waged since 2001 in Afghanistan and Iraq, for example, in a decisive and high-visibility military effort. But why it makes a difference to fight the same terrorist group in a different way in your own country is the subject of this paper. Using the case of France and its ongoing struggle against domestic Islamist terror, it shows what it means when a state uses its military not only to fight abroad, but also to protect its civilian population at home. The political decision to deploy 10,000 soldiers in Opération Sentinelle to protect the homeland is examined against the background of current civil-military relations in France, their origins, development and configuration. The impact of this decision on civil-military relations is carefully considered in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the situation. The analysis focuses on how this measure has affected the interactions and dynamics...
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Ungoverned Spaces, their Exploitation and Militancy. A Case Study of the Un-governance of Pakistan's Former Federally Administered Tribal Areas, and its Exploitation by Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan
Khan, Uswa ; Kaczmarski, Marcin (vedoucí práce) ; Rivetti, Paola (oponent)
Since the end of the Cold War, security threats emanating from the failed states have been the center of scholarly debate, especially when it comes to domestic, regional, and international security. Nevertheless, after the 9/11 attack by Al-Qaeda, the emphasis on security has been significantly shifted to ungoverned areas or territories. This dissertation entitled, "Ungoverned Spaces, their Exploitation and Militancy. A Case Study of the Un-governance of Pakistan's Former Federally Administered Tribal Areas, and its Exploitation by Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan" addresses the intricate relationship between the ungoverned status of former Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan and its implications on the emergence and sustenance of terrorist groups, with a specific focus on the rise and establishment of Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) in the region. Former FATA of Pakistan, which now merged into the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province in 2018 resembled the characteristics of ungoverned spaces like those of Africa's Sahel region. The study endeavors to shed light on the historical factors that have contributed to former FATA's persistent ungovernable status since Pakistan's independence and how this vacuum has paved the way for terrorist groups to create fertile ground and a strong...
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How can intelligence be used for benign purposes, in order to solve current global governance issues?
Delaney, Megan ; Kaczmarski, Marcin (vedoucí práce) ; Špelda, Petr (oponent)
Intelligence, by its very nature, is an elusive concept (Lundborg,2021,p443; Cornish,2021,p224; Deeks,2016,p599; Tucker, 2014,p10). As a result of its seemingly intangible characteristics, its positive application has gone under-recognised, and its creative application, largely neglected (Stone, 2012; Breakspear, 2012, p. 678). A significant focus on its function through espionage has left the public, and actors alike, hesitant to invest or study further, into its innovation (Glassman, 2012, p. 673; Potter, 1996; Richards, 2010, p. 4). The state-centric focus of literature and observations relating to the intelligence sector, means that its private-sector function is largely neglected, even though it is a fast emerging, and powerful sector (Gill,2013, p93; Lin, 2011, p10;Puyvelde,2019,p21;Adriana,2021, p8). Taken in the context of global governance issues, outlined by the UN Sustainable Development goals, we will see how far that private sector intelligence has come already outside of the remit of the state, and its transformative capacity (UNCD, 2014, p. 4). With any fast-expanding sector, comes its own issues. Lack of regulation of the industry, has contributed to the absence of a universal accountability mechanism, which this dissertation will look to create through an originally developed...
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The Russian Narrative Strategy on Telegram. Analyzing Propaganda, Disinformation, and the Pursuit of Influence in Colombia and Mexico in the Context of Ukraine's War
Bogonez Muñoz, Paula ; Kaczmarski, Marcin (vedoucí práce) ; Solovyeva, Anzhelika (oponent)
This paper explores the importance of propaganda's role within the social media environment, specifically as a potent weapon employed by state actors. Within the context of the Ukraine war, this investigation unravels the magnitude of this phenomenon paying attention to the actor which has harnessed this relatively new digital resource to an unprecedented degree: the Russian Federation. Following a vast review of literature and an empirical exploration, this research highlights how Russia's utilisation of propaganda poses a major concern, especially for the United States and its allies. What renders this investigation particularly interesting is its deliberate focus on Latin America, a region where recent evidence suggests Russia is intensifying its propaganda activities. Scholarly attention remains scarce on this geographical area. To address this analytical gap, a detailed examination of Russian Telegram Embassy Channels in Colombia and Mexico is undertaken. This approach allows a better understanding of potential state sponsored and tailored propaganda, enhancing the knowledge about the phenomenon in the context of warfare.
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Insecurity Unveiled? China and Israel's Use of AI and Mass Surveillance for National Security and Identity
Strat, Francesca Elena ; Kaczmarski, Marcin (vedoucí práce) ; Špelda, Petr (oponent)
The fusion of artificial intelligence (AI) and mass surveillance stands as a pivotal crossroads in technological evolution, offering both unprecedented prospects and intricate dilemmas. AI's rapid advancement, simulating human cognition, holds vast potential across diverse domains, yet its implications evoke a blend of optimism and caution. In parallel, the ascent of mass surveillance, driven by technological strides and security imperatives, triggers debates on privacy boundaries and the permissible extent of surveillance. The deployment of pervasive surveillance tools triggers concerns about individual rights and potential misuse of power, necessitating a delicate equilibrium between security and personal autonomy. China and Israel emerge as central actors in the AI-driven mass surveillance narrative. China's swift integration of AI and surveillance technology, exemplified by extensive facial recognition, embodies its commitment to bolster security and governance. However, this approach stirs international apprehensions about privacy erosion and human rights, particularly concerning Xinjiang's Uyghur population. Likewise, Israel's innovation drives cutting-edge surveillance systems, primarily directed at security and intelligence. Yet, their implementation raises queries about oversight,...
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The Use of Hybrid Warfare to Achieve Strategic Objectives: Comparing Russian and Chinese Approaches
Sutil Toledano, Javier ; Kaczmarski, Marcin (vedoucí práce) ; Ludvík, Jan (oponent)
The past few decades have seen the emergence of the concept of hybrid warfare. This term gained special attention after the Russian invasion of Crimea. Since then, Russia and China have been criticised for the use of such methods. To this day, the concept is still debated in the academic world. This study examines the use of hybrid methods to achieve strategic objectives by Russia and China. Both countries understand, in their own way, the benefits of using such methods, especially at the regional level, and use them to weaken their rivals and gain strategic advantages. Drawing on a corpus of academic literature, articles, reports, evaluations, and online news, this study shows that Russia and China use hybrid strategies in different ways and for different strategic purposes. Our analysis shows that while Russia uses hybrid tools to incite conflict and justify armed intervention to achieve its goals, China uses them subtly to avoid confrontation and gradually fulfil its objectives. This thesis concludes that the concept of hybrid warfare depends on the actors using it and that Russia and China have envisioned hybrid models that suit their needs. It also lays the groundwork for future research on the subject in more depth and provides a novel tactical-strategic framework that can be used and studied...
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The Influence of Colonialism on the Child Soldier Phenomenon: A Comparison of Myanmar and South Sudan
Carpentier-Baugh, Elizabeth ; Kaczmarski, Marcin (vedoucí práce) ; Kučera, Tomáš (oponent)
2 Abstract The purpose of this study is to establish if colonialism influences the child soldier phenomenon in postcolonial states and to what extent. The hypothesis is that colonialism influences the child soldier phenomenon in postcolonial countries, including the reasons for their usage, and then their recruitment and use. This study is achieved by exploring the case studies of Myanmar and South Sudan, two countries which have experienced colonialism and have used child soldiers in their recent or current civil wars. This study's findings are analysed using a comparative analysis of these two cases and are compared against the impacts of colonialism. The impacts of colonialism are discussed using a five-variable impact model. These impacts of colonialism are also impacts of child soldier usage. Therefore, this study follows a three-step process in which colonialism is the beginning stage, the five-variable impact model is the middle stage, and then these impacts influencing child soldiers is the end stage. Primary and secondary sources are used including questionnaires, reports, newspapers and academic journals for the collection of data. The participants completing the questionnaires are divided into academic and professional backgrounds. The data is analysed using content analysis and deductive...
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China's rise and rivalry with the U.S. in the 21st century: Challenges for nonproliferation and nuclear reversal
Mai, Chelsea Lashawn Burgundie ; Ludvík, Jan (vedoucí práce) ; Kaczmarski, Marcin (oponent)
The implications of US-China rivalry on nuclear nonproliferation and nuclear reversal have become evident in major strategic regions across the globe particularly the Korean Peninsula, the Indo-Pacific, and the Middle East. On the Korean Peninsula, the US interest lies in maintaining stability in Northeast Asia and shielding its allies from potential nuclear confrontation with North Korea, while China views North Korea as a buffer state against Washington because of the US's military presence and strong alliances with Beijing's neighbors South Korea and Japan. In the Middle East, the US and Iran have had a long hostile relationship shaped by sanctions and animosity. However, it is against the backdrop of hostile US-Iran relations that the strength of China-Iran relations can be understood. Beijing has positioned itself to be an alternative great power partner to the US in the Middle East. Beijing has sought out cooperation with Tehran where the US has relied on heavy sanctions. The different lens through which these great powers view North Korea and Iran shape their differing nonproliferation policy actions toward these regions. This will sometimes lead to a clash in nonproliferation policies between Washington and Beijing. The clash in policies presents major challenges for US-led nuclear reversal...
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