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Psychological aspects of obesity in adolescence
Pešková, Barbora ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
The thesis deals with obesity in adolescent population and with its psychological aspects. At first it focuses on obesity from the medical point of view. It presents diagnostics, epidemiology and etiology of obesity. Subsequent chapters describe complications and treatment options of obesity considering the period of adolescence. The larger part of the thesis analyses the psychosocial aspects of obesity. It focuses on the personality of obese adolescents, on family lifestyle and relationships with peers. Furthermore it analyses the issue of incidence of pathology with a focus on eating disorders. The empirical part proposes a research design which focuses on relationships between obese adolescents and their peers. Keywords: Obesity in adolescence, personality, body image, eating disorders, peer relationships
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Stigmatization towards persons with higher body-weight
Beníčková, Tereza ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor) ; Rodriguez Manchola, Mabel Virginia (referee)
Over the last few decades, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased dramatically, with increased interest in the issue of stigmatization of overweight and obese people. The theoretical part of this thesis summarizes the existing knowledge in this area and describes the form of weight stigma in various areas of life - in the work area, in medical care and in the media. Foreign studies claim that weight stigma is not only present in these and other areas of life, but that it has various negative effects on the psyche and health of a stigmatized individual. Although research in this area is at an early stage, there is already evidence of a relationship of weight stigma and pathological eating behavior, affective disorders or negative body image. However, psychological intervention and therapy offer satisfactory tools to work with the stigmatization theme. The weight stigma is not a topic in the Czech Republic, despite its expanding abroad. The research carried out within the empirical part of the thesis is an initial attempt to map out the phenomenon of stigmatization of overweight and obese people in the Czech environment. For the purpose of the thesis, a questionnaire was drawn up and subsequently used in experimental design. The questionnaire investigated whether the assessment of...
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Mild cognitive impairment after stroke
Jaremová, Vladěna ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
The goal of this thesis was to describe cognitive profile of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients witch ischemic stroke (IST). The theoretical introduction focuses on IST, the concept of MCI, and neuropsychological test of cognitive deficits related to IST. The empirical part of the thesis describes the research results. 64 patients with various types of brain lesions after first-ever stroke were examined within 3-6 months after hospital admission. The cognitive performance was assessed across five cognitive domains: memory, attention, executive functions, visuospacial abilities, and language. All cognitive domains were impaired to the similar extend; the impairment quite severe, and ranged from 1.5 to 2.0 SD below the mean of the control group. The results showed that right hemisphere lesions were associated with visuospacial impairment whereas left hemisphere lesions were associated with language impairment. Also, it was examined which combination of tests differentiates best between patients from the experimental groups and the control group, and among individual experimental groups. It is necessary to develop and use sensitive and valid tests that can detect mild cognitive deficits in patients after ischemic stroke, which could be useful for rehabilitation planning. Keywords: mild...
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Coping strategies of women with breast cancer
Štěpánková, Jitka ; Šivicová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
The objectives of the thesis "Coping strategies of women with breast cancer" w ere to d etermine t he c oping s trategies u sed b y women w ith b reast cancer, to explore relationship between copmg strategies and sociodemographic variables, between cop ing strategies and the type of therapy, between coping strategies and the life satisfaction, and to compare results with data from other studies. The sample consisted of 62 women diagnosed with breast cancer and treated in two hospitals (Onkologický Ústav Nová Ves pod Pleší, and Nemocnice Beroun) from 1110/2005 to 30/312006. Participants were surveyed by means of a demographic data sheet, the Ways of Coping Questionnaire and the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire. The comparison with other studies indicated that the results are quite similar. The most commonly used coping strategy among women with breast cancer is Seeking sodal support and the least common strategy is Accepting responsibility. Yet, there was one difference: the use of the Escape-Avoidance strategy was higher among our sample patients than among women included in compared studies. This strategy was used more by the patients treated by chemotherapy and byt he p atients t hat were u nsatisfied w ith t heir I ives. T he younger women prefer problem-focused strategies (Confrontive coping, PIan/ul...
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Changes in mental state experienced by patients with diabetes along therapy
Hackerová, Petra ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
The thesis is focused on the problematic of quality of life, depression, eating behaviour and cognitive representations of illness among people with type 2 diabetes. It stems from literature and information about problematic. In the theoretical part, the overview about diabetes mellitus, its symptoms, types, complications, and treatment is outlines. Next topics of this part are quality of life of people with diabetes, especially with type 2 diabetes, depression in people with diabetes and cognitive representations of illness. The empirical part is concentrated on the examination of degree of depresivity, quality of life, eating habits and illness perceptions among people with type 2 diabetes. It compares these variables before and after large intervention program, which is aimed at weight-loss and better metabolic control. And it compares them in relationship to gender and to type of diet.
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Crisis and personal growth: possibilities and metaphors of crisis
Veselá, Ivana ; Bahbouh, Radvan (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
Each person has an experience with crisis, it is a natural part of human life. A crisis has an inner potential in the form of a challenge and it brings a new possibility for people in percieving reality and themselves. In this thesis I focuse on possibilities which open for those people who seek a professional advice. I suppose that crisis is a part of the process of personal growth. Therefore the main theoretical chapters refere to these four thems: crisis, personal growth, posttraumatic growth and metaphor. First I define what a crisis is including it's course and various types. Than I place crisis into the context of difficult life situations including coping strategies. Personal growth is defined in the view of development and change. Both are focused on the process. The goal of personal growth is described in a subchapture on optimal personality. The following chapter is on positive psychology which pays attention to the quality of life and percieving benefits. Out of psychoterapeutical schools I have chosen existencial-humanistic tradition which corresponds to my research question the most. I put attention to the founders of main schools - V. E. Frankl's logotherapy, A. Maslow's humanistic psycholgy, C.R. Rogers's client-centred therapy and F. Perls's gestalt therapy. The chapters about crisis and...
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Psychological aspects of amniocentesis
Skutilová, Vladana ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor) ; Šulová, Lenka (referee)
Genetical counselling represents complex activity with multidisciplinar overlap. Most of patients are pregnant women who usually pass amniotic fluid sampling. The aim of this diploma work is to describe these womens behaviour and feelings on the basis of chosen aspects. The text is divided into twelve chapters Theoretical part presents surveyed problems from two poits of view - psychological and medical. It describes indication to invasive prenatal nealth check, thereinafter it talks about most frequented chromosomal deficiency which can be exposed by karyotypisation. Further it talks about the doctor and patinet's realition and about aspects of genetical counselling as well as about ethical aspects of prenatal diagnostics. On the basis of questionaire results, empirical part presents feelings, behaviour and attitudes of women to prenatal health check within in process. Thereinafter it shows and verify which factors influence women's far of health check results.
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Drug Abuse In Women suffering from Eating Disorder
Krankusová, Barbora ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor) ; Loneková, Katarína (referee)
This thesis concerns addictive substance abuse in women suffering from eating disorders. In the theoretical part it defines the term eating disorder itself and furthermore briefly works with the cause of these disorders, patients' personality and commonly associating complicating diagnoses. Afterwards it defines the term addiction and illustrates some of the possible influences on development. Then it characterises commonly abused substances and their relation with eating disorders. The empirical part consists of quantitative research, which is based on an questionnaire survey given on-line to participants in discussion forums on websites concerning eating disorders. It is supplemented with qualitative research based on personal semi-structured interview with women suffering from eating disordes.
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Food choise and food preferences at patients with type two diabetes who are not treated by insulin therapy
Nemeškalová, Adéla ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
Diabetes type two is a chronic progressive disease often associated with obesity and hypertension. Experts predict that diabetes type two cases will increase in the future. Having type two diabetes increases the risk of many serious complications. The diploma work is dedicated to patients with type two diabetes treated either by meal planning, weight loss and exercising or by meal planning, weight loss, exercising and antidiabetic oral agents. The theoretical part of diploma work brings information about diabetes type two and obesity. It concerns information about treatment of diabetes and obesity and psychical problems of patients with the need to adopt healthy habits, balanced diet and drug therapy. The theoretical part is also about food behavior and food preferences. Theoretical portions also deal with the importance of dietary patterns in control of body weight and management of diabetes. It concerns psychical problems connected with diabetes and obesity. It also concerns different approaches to nutrition and psychical problems connected with dietary regime. The practical part of diploma work contains the study of food choice and food preferences. The study included 116 (66 women, 50 men) patients with type two diabetes on antidiabetic oral medication or diet. Each participant completed a detailed...
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Masturbation and masturbation imagination of Czech women
Tichotová, Lenka ; Weiss, Petr (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
Purpose: The objective of the submitted work is to map out a so far lesss examined sphere of masturbation behaviour and masturbation imagination of Czech women. And examine a connection between certain aspects of masturbation and sexual behaviour in general. Methods: The data have been collected with the help of a specially prepared questionnaire. The questionnaire has been shown on internet pages. The data have been elaborated with the help of the Excel programme and the SPSS statistical programme. Our sample was 1339 women, who completed the whole questionnaire. Results: 94.1% of women have experience with masturbation, 71.2% masturbate at least several times a month, a further 17.6 % masturbate at least several times a month. a further 17.6 several times a year. About 5.3% masturbate less than once a year. Frequency of masturbation differs among women who either have or have no partnership relation as well as among women who have or have no experience with rape. The frequencies of masturbation are negatively depending on their age. The average age of the first masturbation is 13 years. Women more frequently attain an orgasm in the case of masturbation rather than in the event of intercourse. 75% of all women achieve it in the event of 100 percent of masturbation. Masturbation is carried out even by women...
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