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The influence of depression on cognitive functions in the remission period. What changes can be observed in cognitive functions during the course of mood improvement until the remission period?
Dušánková, Erika ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
The aim of this study is to summarize a research on cognitive functions and depressive disorder with focus on the remission period and to map, on this background, using a longitudinal design, changes in cognitive performance of the depressive patients during the course of mood improvement until the remission period. We set together a test battery consisting of two cognitive functions measures (AVLT, Letter-number sequencing), two mood rating instruments (BDI, MADRS) and two additional questionnaires (Unfavourable-events questionnaire and Social support Survey - MOS). We included an interview, as well. The research took place in Prague psychiatric centre. The sample consisted of 10 inpatients with unipolar depressive disorder according to ICD-10. 4 of the patients were excluded - 2 of them for deeper mood impairment and other 2 for early discharge from the clinic. Only 2 of the remaining 6 patients achieved remission. We present their case studies in this thesis. The conclusion of this study is that the image of cognitive performance in depressed patients can be various. All patients experienced subjective cognitive performance impairment and work ability impairment. We didn't observe, in some of the patients, cognitive performance impairment in the neuropsychological measures used. When cognitive impairment...
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Psychosocial aspects of chronic disease cystic fibrosis - coping
Hodková, Pavla ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor) ; Kebza, Vladimír (referee)
The Diploma Thesis is dealing with the role of coping strategies in a chronic disease with a special interest in a cystic fibrosis (CF) disorder. In the Introduction section the biology nature of the CF, its psychology impact, as well as, techniques of coping in the respect to chronic disease, mainly to CF, are presented. Moreover, the possibility of a psychology intervention is discussed. Experimental section is devoted to the research performed with the group of 104 individuals of which 63 were parents of CF patients and 41 were adult CF patients. In order to examine coping strategies used in the selected CF groups Cystic Fibrosis Coping Scale Questionary was applied. Obtained data were statistically interpreted using a SPSS software. Results of paired Student's t-test show partial significant differences in coping strategies between groups of adults CF patients and parents of CF patients, groups of men and women, and in group of parents of CF patients classified according to their age. However, in the group of parents no statistically significant differences in relation to the age of their sick children were found.
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The quality of life
Faťunová, Zuzana ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor) ; Kebza, Vladimír (referee)
The quality of life have been a subejct of many studies and thesis for about last fifteen years. This work presents the concept of quality of life, especially from the view of the psychology and the medicine. There are discussed some methodological problems of the measuring and the evaluation of the health-related quality of life and there are also described basic and inportant instruments used in clinical studies. The aim of the second practical part is to illustrate a use of an instrument in a concrete situation - in the evaluation of the health-related quality of life of patients with coronary disease.
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Psychological aspects of obesity in adolescence
Pešková, Barbora ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
The thesis deals with obesity in adolescent population and with its psychological aspects. At first it focuses on obesity from the medical point of view. It presents diagnostics, epidemiology and etiology of obesity. Subsequent chapters describe complications and treatment options of obesity considering the period of adolescence. The larger part of the thesis analyses the psychosocial aspects of obesity. It focuses on the personality of obese adolescents, on family lifestyle and relationships with peers. Furthermore it analyses the issue of incidence of pathology with a focus on eating disorders. The empirical part proposes a research design which focuses on relationships between obese adolescents and their peers. Keywords: Obesity in adolescence, personality, body image, eating disorders, peer relationships
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Stigmatization towards persons with higher body-weight
Beníčková, Tereza ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor) ; Rodriguez Manchola, Mabel Virginia (referee)
Over the last few decades, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased dramatically, with increased interest in the issue of stigmatization of overweight and obese people. The theoretical part of this thesis summarizes the existing knowledge in this area and describes the form of weight stigma in various areas of life - in the work area, in medical care and in the media. Foreign studies claim that weight stigma is not only present in these and other areas of life, but that it has various negative effects on the psyche and health of a stigmatized individual. Although research in this area is at an early stage, there is already evidence of a relationship of weight stigma and pathological eating behavior, affective disorders or negative body image. However, psychological intervention and therapy offer satisfactory tools to work with the stigmatization theme. The weight stigma is not a topic in the Czech Republic, despite its expanding abroad. The research carried out within the empirical part of the thesis is an initial attempt to map out the phenomenon of stigmatization of overweight and obese people in the Czech environment. For the purpose of the thesis, a questionnaire was drawn up and subsequently used in experimental design. The questionnaire investigated whether the assessment of...
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Mild cognitive impairment after stroke
Jaremová, Vladěna ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
The goal of this thesis was to describe cognitive profile of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients witch ischemic stroke (IST). The theoretical introduction focuses on IST, the concept of MCI, and neuropsychological test of cognitive deficits related to IST. The empirical part of the thesis describes the research results. 64 patients with various types of brain lesions after first-ever stroke were examined within 3-6 months after hospital admission. The cognitive performance was assessed across five cognitive domains: memory, attention, executive functions, visuospacial abilities, and language. All cognitive domains were impaired to the similar extend; the impairment quite severe, and ranged from 1.5 to 2.0 SD below the mean of the control group. The results showed that right hemisphere lesions were associated with visuospacial impairment whereas left hemisphere lesions were associated with language impairment. Also, it was examined which combination of tests differentiates best between patients from the experimental groups and the control group, and among individual experimental groups. It is necessary to develop and use sensitive and valid tests that can detect mild cognitive deficits in patients after ischemic stroke, which could be useful for rehabilitation planning. Keywords: mild...
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Coping strategies of women with breast cancer
Štěpánková, Jitka ; Šivicová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
The objectives of the thesis "Coping strategies of women with breast cancer" w ere to d etermine t he c oping s trategies u sed b y women w ith b reast cancer, to explore relationship between copmg strategies and sociodemographic variables, between cop ing strategies and the type of therapy, between coping strategies and the life satisfaction, and to compare results with data from other studies. The sample consisted of 62 women diagnosed with breast cancer and treated in two hospitals (Onkologický Ústav Nová Ves pod Pleší, and Nemocnice Beroun) from 1110/2005 to 30/312006. Participants were surveyed by means of a demographic data sheet, the Ways of Coping Questionnaire and the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire. The comparison with other studies indicated that the results are quite similar. The most commonly used coping strategy among women with breast cancer is Seeking sodal support and the least common strategy is Accepting responsibility. Yet, there was one difference: the use of the Escape-Avoidance strategy was higher among our sample patients than among women included in compared studies. This strategy was used more by the patients treated by chemotherapy and byt he p atients t hat were u nsatisfied w ith t heir I ives. T he younger women prefer problem-focused strategies (Confrontive coping, PIan/ul...
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Changes in mental state experienced by patients with diabetes along therapy
Hackerová, Petra ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
The thesis is focused on the problematic of quality of life, depression, eating behaviour and cognitive representations of illness among people with type 2 diabetes. It stems from literature and information about problematic. In the theoretical part, the overview about diabetes mellitus, its symptoms, types, complications, and treatment is outlines. Next topics of this part are quality of life of people with diabetes, especially with type 2 diabetes, depression in people with diabetes and cognitive representations of illness. The empirical part is concentrated on the examination of degree of depresivity, quality of life, eating habits and illness perceptions among people with type 2 diabetes. It compares these variables before and after large intervention program, which is aimed at weight-loss and better metabolic control. And it compares them in relationship to gender and to type of diet.
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Crisis and personal growth: possibilities and metaphors of crisis
Veselá, Ivana ; Bahbouh, Radvan (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
Each person has an experience with crisis, it is a natural part of human life. A crisis has an inner potential in the form of a challenge and it brings a new possibility for people in percieving reality and themselves. In this thesis I focuse on possibilities which open for those people who seek a professional advice. I suppose that crisis is a part of the process of personal growth. Therefore the main theoretical chapters refere to these four thems: crisis, personal growth, posttraumatic growth and metaphor. First I define what a crisis is including it's course and various types. Than I place crisis into the context of difficult life situations including coping strategies. Personal growth is defined in the view of development and change. Both are focused on the process. The goal of personal growth is described in a subchapture on optimal personality. The following chapter is on positive psychology which pays attention to the quality of life and percieving benefits. Out of psychoterapeutical schools I have chosen existencial-humanistic tradition which corresponds to my research question the most. I put attention to the founders of main schools - V. E. Frankl's logotherapy, A. Maslow's humanistic psycholgy, C.R. Rogers's client-centred therapy and F. Perls's gestalt therapy. The chapters about crisis and...
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Psychological aspects of amniocentesis
Skutilová, Vladana ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor) ; Šulová, Lenka (referee)
Genetical counselling represents complex activity with multidisciplinar overlap. Most of patients are pregnant women who usually pass amniotic fluid sampling. The aim of this diploma work is to describe these womens behaviour and feelings on the basis of chosen aspects. The text is divided into twelve chapters Theoretical part presents surveyed problems from two poits of view - psychological and medical. It describes indication to invasive prenatal nealth check, thereinafter it talks about most frequented chromosomal deficiency which can be exposed by karyotypisation. Further it talks about the doctor and patinet's realition and about aspects of genetical counselling as well as about ethical aspects of prenatal diagnostics. On the basis of questionaire results, empirical part presents feelings, behaviour and attitudes of women to prenatal health check within in process. Thereinafter it shows and verify which factors influence women's far of health check results.
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