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Comparison of current undergraduate training future biology teachers in selected countries
Fialová, Michaela ; Rajsiglová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Havlová, Michaela (referee)
In most of the countries all over the world, one can find governmental resorts (ministries) focused on education in the given country. The agenda of these ministries is, among other things, the education of those who are supposed to educate others, in other words, pedagogical workers or teachers. Teachers are the fundamental functional unit in education which is why there ought to be a special emphasis placed upon their education and preparation. Unless the society has sufficiently qualified teachers, it cannot expect any excellent results in education, even though there are some other factors involved as well. The main concern of this bachelor thesis lies on teachers' education, mainly biology teachers: what is the lowest possible education needed and how many years must a future teacher study; what is the required structure of teachers' education in the Czech Republic, Finland, Poland, Ireland and in the USA and what part of the future teachers' study is dedicated to gaining knowledge in biology and what part to obtain pedagogical-psychological knowledge which is considered necessary for working itself in the pedagogy sphere.
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Primary prevention of the substance and non-substance addiction in primary and secondary schools in Czech Republic and selected European countries
Přibylová, Kateřina ; Rajsiglová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Havlová, Michaela (referee)
In the Czech Republic it is possible through the so called Basic Preventive Programme to encounter not only the term "substance addiction", but also the term "non-substance addiction". In which way is the prevention of addictions performed and can we also find this comprehensive approach to the prevention of addictions in the schools of foreign countries? For comparison with the Czech Republic I chose two countries: Finland and Great Britain. The main aim of my work was based on an analysis of the school-based prevention programs and other preventive activities in the schools of each country to determine the current school preventive approaches. Furthermore, it was based on the curricular documents of the countries to identify which subjects or cross-cutting themes are involved in the prevention of substance and non-substance addictions. Finally, I wanted to summarize, from the obtained information, to what extent do the schools of the particular countries realize the prevention of substance and non-substance addictions. Key words: school-based primary prevention, substance addiction, non-substance addiction, behavioural addiction, curricular documents, school-based prevention programs
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First Aid Education and Effectivity - Quantitative Research
Slánská, Helena ; Havlová, Michaela (advisor) ; Tauchen, Zuzana (referee)
The present thesis deals with the First Aid. It is aimed at comparing the knowledge of this subject before and after completion of the course called "First Aid in Schools" lectured at the Charles University, Faculty of Science, and thereby to evaluate efficiency of this cycle. The main goal raises a number of questions to be answered: 1. Is the First Aid defined unequivocally in relevant professional texts? 2. How the First Aid is taught in schools and in other institutions? 3. What steps have to be taken in order to implement quantitative research? 4. How the data collected in a quantitative research are to be processed? 5. Which topics pose problems in teaching the "First Aid in Schools" in terms of the research results? The present thesis is divided into five chapters. The first, Introductory chapter summarizes content of the work. The second chapter covers definition of the First Aid, teaching the First Aid in Schools and methodology of research carried out in this field. The third chapter deals with implementation of quantitative results and with definition of hypotheses. The fourth chapter summarizes the results based on quantitative research. The last - fifth chapter is devoted to discussion. The individual hypotheses chosen for the research are discussed. The conclusions are compared with...
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The effect of kinesiotaping on postural control of stance
Havlová, Michaela ; Bitnar, Petr (advisor) ; Čech, Zdeněk (referee)
Postural stability is necessary for all human activities. Management od postural control is provided especially by central nervous system. For management are essential afferent information from vestibular, visual and somatosensory system. Modification of any of these inputs could have influence postural stability. Changes of exteroceptive perception can be achieved by the application of kinesio tape. Kinesiotaping is currently very popular therapeutic method, which is attributed to the wide range of effects. In the theoretical part of this thesis are described these effects, including the results of scientific studies that are engaged in verify the effects. Experimental part of this thesis was focused on the objectification of any changes of postural stability after application of kinesio tape on dorsal and ventral side of the trunk in healthy individuals without injury or other disorders. For the examination were used two tests of Balance Master® System, the modified clinical test of sensory interaction on balance and the test limits of stability. The results were satistically evaluated at the level α = 0.05. Due to kinesio tape were observed no siginificant changes in the mean sway velocity of center of gravity. There were also found no significant changes of parameters that evaluate the transmission of...
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Knowledge about non-communicable diseases among students of basic and grammar schools
Novotná, Jana ; Havlová, Michaela (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
The thesis examines the questions of teaching about non-communicable diseases in Czech schools from different perspectives. Questionnaire was used to analyse opinions and attitudes of teachers to teach about this subject at basic and grammar schools, and satisfaction of future teachers with the quality training about non-communicable diseases at universities. Tests were used to assessed and compared the knowledge of these diseases among pupils of basic and grammar schools as well as among university students. The thesis also focuses on evaluating of incorporation of the topic into the current textbooks for basic and secondary schools and at inclusion the topic in school curricula at different schools. Part of this work are also materials for pupils that should serve to support the teaching about non-communicable diseases. Key words: non-communicable diseases, health education, school curriculum, questionnaire, test, textbook
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Use of model ecosystems near Chomutov in basic education
Řeháková, Tereza ; Havlová, Michaela (advisor) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (referee)
This paper focuses on the teaching of eco-tour by cyclo around Chomutov in basic education. The main objective of my DP is a cycling tour with a focus on the comparison of selected characteristics of ecosystems occurring in the area. As I chose the selected ecosystems - meadows and pastures, forests and water bodies. Selected location near Chomutov offers direct observation of these ecosystems provide a number of paths for nontraditional ways of teaching, using bicycle wheels. Developed materials include design incentive hours for after-school teaching materials in the field and the draft final hours. For after-school education in the field are handled by individual worksheets ecosystems - meadows and pastures, forests and water bodies. Besides these main worksheets, I created a set of other activities in the outdoors. They are practicing first aid package of games and competitions designed for environments and other attractions that can fill the time spent in nature. Next, I created a complete methodological guide for teachers, which are summarized in detail all the information for planning, progress and completion of the excursion. Excursions and its content complies with the current general education program for primary education in the country. Keywords: tour, cycling tours, ecosystems, Chomutov
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Teaching the theme human parasites on grammar school.
Houšková, Barbora ; Janštová, Vanda (advisor) ; Havlová, Michaela (referee)
Nowdays, when people travel all around the world and they can become infected with different parasites, teaching about human parasites shouldn't be neglected even in education on primary and grammar schools. In my work, I have mapped the basic knowledge of parasitology and human parasites of students from the selected primary schools and lower grades of grammar schools. For this purpose, I have created a test which examined the knowledge and attitude of the students. The work has also sought to propose a new approach to teaching of the subject in biology lessons. Two different teaching concepts were tested and compared in two paralel classes of the same grammar school. Presented representatives of human parasites, were chosen on the basis of analysis of biology textbooks for basic schools. Final suggestion of teaching at schools, which was teste dat three schools contains powerpoint presentations suitable for use in the lessons and practical exercise taken like didactical games.
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Pupils with special educational needs in primary and secondary schools: access schools and teachers to handicapped students.
Hamtilová, Martina ; Rajsiglová, Ina (advisor) ; Havlová, Michaela (referee)
The thesis deals with access schools and teachers to handicapped students. Theoretical part follows problems of pupils with special educational needs and its legislation, the concept of handicap and disability forms. I characterize from the forms of disability specific learning disorders, brain dysfunction and behavior disorders, cerebral palsy, autism and Asperger syndrome. The last chapter of this part focuses on the conditions, legislation, documents and statistical data in the field of disabled pupils integration. For the practical part I have set several goals: regarding the run of the lesson, teacher access and work of pupils with special educational needs; realize education with handicapped students to obtain my own experience; conduct interviews with teachers, with teacher's assistant, possibly with a special needs teacher in order to obtain an opinion of teaching staff to integrateion and obtain advice for access to pupils with special educational needs; through questionnaires for schools to determine the conditions for integration of handicapped pupils, and finally summarize the recommendations and create a handbook for teachers beginning to work with pupils with special educational needs.
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