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Evolutionary theories of homosexuality
Fořt, Jakub ; Kaňková, Šárka (advisor) ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (referee)
This thesis deals with male homosexuality from an evolutionary viewpoint. In the first part, it provides a review of knowledge about the genetic and immunological origin of male homosexuality, this consequently serves as a theoretical base for the main part of the thesis. Regarding the fact that homosexuals leave less offspring than heterosexuals do, it is appropriate to raise a question by which mechanism is male homosexuality maintained in population and what could eventually be its evolutionary role. The thesis summarizes five most influential theories which were constructed in a purpose to answer this question. The thesis also posits and critically evaluates results of empirical research that support particular theories or give evidence against them.
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Consistency and paternal influence on human mate choice in heterosexual women
Taskovská, Kristýna ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Bártová, Klára (referee)
People choose partners based on different characteristics, however it is not clear whether they systematically choose partners with specific characteristics. It is also not clear what modulates partner preferences. One of the factors are parents, however the question is, whether parents influence all types of relationships (e.g. one-night stand, marriage etc.). The main objective was to analyze the consistency of mate choice in physical characteristics in heterosexual women. Another objective was to test paternal influence on the mate choice, and whether this influence differs among partners with whom women have children and partners with whom they don't. Last objective was to test whether the similarity between father and current partner influences the relationship and sexual satisfaction of the respondent. In total 693 heterosexual women, aged 18-45, participated in the research (average age = 30,7; SE = 5,9) and provided physical characteristics (weight, height, attractiveness, masculinity, eye color, hair color, facial masculinity, facial hair, musculature, BMI, relative height, body hair and leg length) of their father, current partner (with whom they had/were expecting children) and long term ex-partners (with whom they had no children), they completed the standardized questionnaire s-EMBU...
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The role of a father in childhood, adolescence, and emerging adulthood
Woloszczuková, Patricie Rosalie ; Gillernová, Ilona (advisor) ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (referee)
The main aim of this thesis is to contribute to the advancement of the topic of father and fatherhood in the lives of children, adolescents, and emerging adults. In the literary review part of this work, the topic is set into the context of family and history, then, the current available findings on this topic in each of the developmental period of an offspring, up to emerging adulthood, are introduced. In the research section, the carried-out research is presented. It focused on the description of the role of a father of current emerging adults in the Czech Republic, on exploration of the term "good father" and on finding relations between the perception of one's own father and reported quality of life. Keywords Father Good father Child development Adolescent development Emerging adults
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Relative importance of visual and acoustic modality in imprinting-like effect
Šípková, Kristýna ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kleisner, Karel (referee)
The similarity between a partner and a parent of the opposite sex was found across different characteristics. Most often, similarity was found in visual characteristics (e.g., eye colour, hair colour, facial features). Visual characteristics have been tested in context of mate choice mostly individually, however mate choice is multidimensional with involvement of all modalities The aim of our study was to test visual and acoustic modality and their correlations in ratings of perceived similarity of partners and parents of the opposite sex. The aim of this study was also to test perceived similarity of partners and parents of opposite sex in faces and voices and whether the quality of the respondent's relationship with the parent in childhood has an effect on the similarity.The photography of face and voice record was provided by 66 female partners and mothers and 67 male partners and fathers. Similarity between partners and parents of opposite sex was rated by 494 independent female raters. The results of the study showed that partners are similar with parents of the opposite sex in face and voice in both women and men. The results of tested correlations of similarity in the face and voice between the partner and the parents showed that the partners were evaluated as more similar to the parents in...
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Domestic violence within same-sex relationships with a focus on victims' help-seeking
Heřmánková, Zlata ; Čáp, David (advisor) ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to introduce the topic of domestic violence in same-sex relationships with a focus on victims' help-seeking. First, it defines domestic violence, describes its cycle, forms and consequences for the victim. Second, it expands on this topic in the context of same-sex relationships, its prevalence, correlates, theories and myths. Third, it deals with the phenomenon of help-seeking of domestic violence victims and the specifics of this process regarding victims of same-sex domestic violence. Eventually, it briefly describes the situation in the Czech Republic and introduces selected examples of good practice. The empirical part of this thesis presents a qualitative research project in the form of interviews aiming to explore factors affecting the help-seeking process of victims of same- sex domestic violence in the Czech Republic. The data were analysed using the method of thematic analysis. Several factors emerged from the analysis, some of which are common in domestic violence victims in general and others are characteristic for victims in same-sex relationships. These are specific barriers in the help-seeking process related to victims' non- heterosexual orientation and to the fact that they experienced domestic violence in a same-sex relationship. Keywords domestic...
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Other Life of Prisoners - Social Pathological Phenomena in the Course of Imprisonment
Nádvorníková, Barbora ; Boukalová, Hedvika (advisor) ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the negative aspect of imprisonment - the other life of prisoners, i.e. a set of negative social relationships between prisoners and behaviours that are directly related to these relationships. The aim of the thesis is to map and comprehensively describe the topic of the other life of prisoners. The literature-review part describes and examines various negative aspects of the other life of prisoners, the environment that prisons create for these aspects and the impact that the life has on a prisoner. An important part of the literature-review part is also the presentation of intervention programs, which are an example of a positive effect on prisoners, in contrast to the negative aspects of the other life. In the thesis, imprisonment is shown as a variable of a complex nature, which can be supportive as well as harmful during the process of correction of an individual. The literature-review part is followed by a research proposal, which is divided into qualitative and quantitative type. The qualitative research uses a semi-structured questionnaire to focus on the subjective experience of convicts with the TP KEMP program and how it can affect activities related to the other life in prison. The quantitative research compares a group from the TP KEMP program with a...
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