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Factors determining the lexical meaning in Spanish
Petrík, Daniel ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Štichauer, Pavel (referee) ; Aurová, Miroslava (referee)
2/2 Abstract: In the present work we deal with a specific class of factors with the assumed potential to determine (refine) the preferred lexical meaning in case of ambiguity. A required feature of these factors is that they don't depend on the nature of any particular communication situation, but should be exclusively related to the person of the speaker or listener and some of his personality, sociolinguistics and other characteristics, i.e. traditional factors such as context, time-space characteristics, are deliberately excluded. The preferred lexical meaning was studied by means of a questionnaire survey in the sample of respondents. The analysed data were the initial immediate associations reported by the respondents in the association test for each of the thirty selected ambiguous words. The respondent was confronted with individual test terms in isolation outside of any context or specific communication situation. Under these assumptions, the ability of selected respondents' characteristics such as gender, age, education, geographical area of their life, profession or hobbies of the respondent can be examined to what extent they can be the explanatory factors of the lexical meaning of the first choice in the test expressions. In addition to the specific findings concerning the factors of lexical...
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Selected Anglicisms in Spanish
Brož, Stanislav ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Krinková, Zuzana (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the adaptation of Anglicisms in Spanish. It consists of a theoretical part dealing with Anglicisms in general and assimilation processes that occur during their incorporation into Spanish, and of a practical part which contains a corpus analysis of variants of selected Anglicisms, divided into groups according to the termination. The last chapter generalizes the results of the analysis and describes the current state of usage of the original and assimilated variants of the words. The main aim of the work was to generally map the process of adaptation of Anglicism and consequently the occurrence of variants of selected representatives. According to the results of the analysis, it can be said that almost every Anglicism is used in more forms, the predominant one depends on the particular word.
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Czech as a Foreign Language in Speakers with L1 Spanish
Halanová, Eva ; Saicová Římalová, Lucie (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
This Master's thesis is focused on selected factors in fluencing the learning of Czech language as a foreign language for speakers whose mother tongue is Spanish. It focuses on adult respondents aged between 25 and 40 years with a minimum level of B1. The theoretical partrepresents a brief overview of a second language learning approaches (SLA) and the relevant basic terminology.An overview of factors influencing the SLA follows and endsby own suggestion of categorizing factors for research purposes which this thesis deals with. Finally, communicative competences and selected levels of language levels A2, B1, B2 and C1 according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages are introduced. The research part is realized by 5 semi- structured interviews through which the factors that play a significant role in the study of Czech as a foreign language are scrutinised from the point of view of the participants in the research. It is mainly about the evaluation of their own language/communication competencies, experience with teaching and about motivation to learn Czech. The uploaded and transcribed interviews are characterized by language analysis at the level of language levels. Keywords Czech as a foreign language, factors influencing SLA, interview, communicative competence,...
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Expressing Probability and Approximation in Spanish
Škodná, Agáta Anna ; Kratochvílová, Dana (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
(in English): The bachelor thesis deals with the themes of probabilities and approximations in the Spanish language. The thesis consists of two parts: theoretical and practical. The first two chapters analyse terms in a theoretical way: modal meaning of the potential probable paradigm hablaré and periphrastic construction deber (de) + infinitive, venir a + infinitiv and venir + gerund. We will address the problematic elements of the aforementioned terms via literature of Spanish or Czech authors. The chapter focuses on the semantic and syntactic aspects. The second part involves a corpus compiled in the Intercorp parallel corpus based on the themes from the theoretical part. The goal of the analysis is to construct a typology of translations from the acquired results and focus on (not) preserving an epistemic modality with the meaning of probability and approximation in translations of given verbal constructions: periphrases deber de + infinitive / venir a + infinitive and probabilities of presentum / anti-presentum. Key words (in English): Spanish, modality, verbal periphrases, probability, approximation
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Specifics of Spanish Language Used on Social Networks
Čičmanec, Róbert ; Kratochvílová, Dana (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
(English) Specifics of Spanish Language Used on Social Networks The aim of this thesis is to describe the usage of Spanish language on social networks. It is divided into two parts: theoretical and analytical. The first part is focused on the characteristics of colloquial language and the features of this variety within the Spanish language. It also illustrates the close relationship between the spoken language and the variety used on social networks. The second part analyses language material included in the corpus created for the purpose of this thesis. It contains 300 Facebook, Instagram and YouTube posts. Our objective is to document lexical, orthographic and morphosyntactic tendencies on social networks and characterize the specific variety of language on their basis. Key words: Spanish language, social network, vocabulary, orthography, morphosyntaxis
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En cambio, no obstante, por el contrario: Counter-argumentative discourse markers in contemporary Spanish
Ramaislová, Veronika ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Kratochvílová, Dana (referee)
The aim of this Master's thesis is the characteristic of selected discourse markers. Its core is a case study based on a contrastive analysis of specific markers (called adversative discourse markers or counter-argumentative connectors) on the parallel corpus InterCorp and single- lingual corpus CORPES XXI and identifies their frequency, characteristics and typology of czech translations. The initial part of the thesis is theoretical. In its introduction is generally defined the concept of a discourse marker and the related terms of a connector and dialogue. Attention is also paid to the theory of argumentation. Another chapter of the theoretical part deals with problems of markers, their classification and different theoretical approaches of various authors. The whole thesis is based primarily on sources from Spanish and Czech secondary literature. Key words discourse markers, text, connector, Spanish, corpus,contrastive analysis, InterCorp, CORPES XXI
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Durational Verbal Periphrases in Spanish
Šandová, Dana ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Krinková, Zuzana (referee)
In my bachelor thesis, I focused on description and explanation of Spanish verbal durational periphrases and also on the analysis of possible equivalents in Czech. At first, I explained the term of the nature of verbal action, because this term is for understanding the durability of verbal periphrases crucial. I also explained the difference between the Czech and the Spanish verbal aspect and then I focused on the individual periphrases, mostly on the periphrases of durability and their division into two basic groups: global and partial; their explanation and description of the properties. In the theoretical part, I devoted myself to individual periphrases, of which I mostly focused on durational periphrases and their division into two basic groups: global and partial; their explanation and description of the characteristics. In the practical part I worked first with the Spanish corpus CREA, where I analyzed 4 individual periphrases according to number of occurrences and layouts in documents by topic. Then I analyzed their Czech counterparts in the InterCorp corpus, in one hundred different occurrences of the given periphrases. First of all, I compared the periphrases with partial durability (seguir + gerundium) and distributive (andar + gerundium), and then periphrases with partial durability...
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Digital conversion of analog signals
Čermák, Petr ; Sedláček, Jiří (referee) ; Murina, Milan (advisor)
My work is focused on digital elaboration of the analog signal. In my work the analysis has been carried out in all parts of digit chains processing analog signal. The entranced variable is signal from measuring coil, which is afterwards strengthen and transfer to a sampler. The sample signal is processed by an A/D converter and then sends to a parallel port. On the basis of acquired data the scheme has been constructed for sample processing. The transfer to the parallel port is done (made) in two steps, at first one part of the word is transferred and then the rest of the word follows. Between the converter and sampler is tight relationship and synchronization. Both of them are managed from one central bus.
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Illocutionary Modulation of the Utterance. The Case of estar + gerundio
Laurencio Tacoronte, Ariel ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Aurová, Miroslava (referee) ; Gutiérrez Rubio, Enrique (referee)
The studies of the different forms and structures of language usually take for granted that these refer to non-linguistic entities, i.e., that language reflects the world. In the case of verbal devices, such entities happen to be time, aktionsart or aspect. In view of the proven impossibility of giving an accurate account of the behavior of such devices by means of these categories, disquisitions and further elucidations are perpetuated, what complicates the pro- blem to not very judicious levels. Moreover, because the conclusions reached get equally in conflict with a linguistic reality which resists them, contradicts them. So there is no other choice left than to declare exceptions or special uses, or banish the insubordinate segments to the periphery of the system. Our first goal will therefore be the previous establishment of a theoretical framework, as a cure for the a posteriori theorizing based on what is seen on the surface, which would allow us to assign a possible invariant central value to linguistic elements, for which we will rely on the metaoperational system of H. Adamczewski. In it, such elements are operators defined by their belonging to one of two phases in the process of utterance assembly, namely, by a rhematic character, of proposition of the information, or by a thematic...
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Modal/temporal functions of paradigm hablaba in contemporary Spanish
Vinarčíková, Jana ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Kratochvílová, Dana (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to introduce modotemporal functions of paradigm hablaba in Spanish. In the theoretical part, we define basic concepts related to this theme and the basic functions of paradigm hablaba. Then we describe functions that are less typical for the given paradigm. We designate these functions as modal meanings and we pay most attention to them. We describe them mainly from the semantic point of view and we also introduce different kinds of theories, which try to explain these meanings. In the practical part, using parallel corpus InterCorp, we analyze the meanings of the paradigm hablaba in the selected occurrences and we introduce the examples of some sentences proving the statements from the theoretical part of the thesis. Key words: verbal paradigm, imperfect tense, modal meanings, Spanish, corpus, InterCorp
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