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Cancer as a source of fright and how patiens with tumour illness learn to work with their illness
Spíralová, Anna ; Grygar, Jakub (advisor) ; Hájek, Martin (referee)
This thesis is focused on an important problem of today, which is cancer. It describes this deceitful sickness from social point of view, suggesting what impact cancer has on living in a society and on the position of the sick people inside the society. Cancer is connected with strong connotations, which are constructed by the media and society's point of view. It is primarily the status of a "fighter", which is a dominant consensus for communication inside a family and for the view of the cancer patient. Patient with cancer, alias "fighter" is a men, who has cancer, but doesn't stop being active, he fights with cancer and doesn't forgot his live. He works and has social life and etc. This behavior is expected from him by his family and close people, but cancer is a sickness, which .causes pain and fears about patient's own life very often, so the cancer patient must struggle not only with the sickness, but also with fulfilling the expectations of the role of the "fighter" for his or her close people. Next will be shown, how the patients work with the cancer and how they learn to be patients and how the cancer shapes their lives and how they include it in their biography as a very important experience in their life and how they connect the birth of the cancer, which is not known very well, with the...
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Guilt and responsibility in the context of criminal law: Discursive practices and strategies
Vávra, Martin ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Válková, Helena (referee) ; Večeřa, Miloš (referee)
The thesis deals with the ways political and expert (especially legal and criminological) discourses formulate and reproduce the meanings, assumptions and definitions constructing the man as a subject of criminal law, a subject responsible for his actions. It focuses on the ways the political domain (in particular, the lower and upper chambers of the Czech Parliament) and the scientific domain (in particular, legal science, criminology and psychiatry) form and formulate the opinions of "criminal law" and the ways these opinions are reflected in meanings embodied in criminal law itself. Methodologically, the thesis builds on critical discourse analysis. Put in plain language, what makes discourse significant is the oppression it brings upon us by defining what can be said about the world and how one can meaningfully act in it. Thus, it is not (only) a reflection of another, more real reality and it cannot be fully reduced to some other social phenomena. Therefore, by investigating discourse, one can identify the assumptions social actors build on and the argumentative frameworks they apply in discourse. The theory section formulates premises for the subsequent analysis of specific topics related to the formulation of "criminal" guilt and responsibility. After a short review of sociological...
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Relationship of artists to an artistic norm
Záleská, Eva ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Svobodová, Ludmila (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the problem of relation of fine artists towards the artistic norm. Artistic norm consists of an aesthetic norm and other social norms related to the artistic field. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the presentation of current knowledge about the study area, mainly theoretical approach of the aesthetic norm of Jan Mukařovský, analytical concept of social field, described by Pierre Bourdieu and concept of art worlds presented by Howard Becker. Research shows that artists perceive the aesthetic norm as an integral part of a broad normative group. It is important to take a good position in the hierarchically structured artistic field. Artists are trying to differentiate themselves not only in the mainstream, but also within the artistic field. This is ensured by their authentic design and unique style. Unlike the initial literature, research confirms that artists reflect their pragmatic interests and do not fear the loss of legitimacy of their artistic activities.
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The importance of hair for people with alopecia: A sociological study of two groups affected by hair loss
Brožová, Tereza ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Martinová, Marta (referee)
This thesis deals with the hair loss from the sociological perspective. Hair is significant part of the body, visible at first glance and therefore it is important for individual's sense of a self and identity. Hair is important also in the context of culture - hairstyles can take symbolic meanings, such as expression of gender stereotypes, protest or membership in various groups. Hair loss brings various implications on one's self- esteem and interactions. My work builds on the previous knowledge in this field and through qualitative research illustrates the consequences of hair loss for women with chemotherapy-included alopecia and for men losing hair due to androgenic alopecia. These quite different groups attribute various meanings to their hair and hair loss, nevertheless for various reasons both of them considered hair loss to be mainly negative or even stigmatizing phenomenon and they choose different ways to cope with the hair loss with dignity, from wearing a wig to shaving the remaining hair.
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Concepts of "value-action gap" and "knowing-doing gap" on the example of reports on the state of natural environment
Knybel, Ondřej ; Balon, Jan (advisor) ; Hájek, Martin (referee)
Concept "value-action gap" is most often mentioned in frame of behavioral studies of individial approach to ecological issues. Its meaning lies in description of a gap that opens between values claimed by respondents and their consequent actions (people act in accordance with values which are different than those pro-environmental values that they originally signed up to). There also is a concept of "knowing-doing gap" which stems from a different context and describes different situations. Its authors demonstrate how many corporations/firms/organizations employ disfunctional/ineffective management practices and ways of work organization - and all that in a situation when responsible employees and managers know about better practices. Furthermore, those employees are being continually educated about those more effective practices; corporation/firm also has plans of implementation of those done by hired consultants and all those plans would have had better results, should they be implemented. But despite this knowledge and good experiences of other organizations - managers keep on working using old inefective means. In this text I examined whether it is possible to identify a combination of those two concepts/phenomena in a frame of discourse related to expert knowledge about a state of natural...
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Social meaning of physical exercise presented by some of the Czech women's magazines
Semotánová, Adéla ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Řezáčová, Vendula (referee)
The subject of the thesis is meanings of the physical exercising presented in the Czech women magazines, which I explored through qualitative content analysis of the articles focused on exercising. Three relevant frames or research areas emerged from foreign literature, which became the frames of the analysis: value of the exercise related to the body, the exercise as possible social field and gender level of these practices. I was specifically interested, if the exercise is presented as activity that helps to create socially disciplined body or individually restituted body for personal needs. Or if the exercise creates specific social field - sphere with specific relationship, rules and capital and if the gender is an important factor, connected to the presentation of the exercises in magazines, focused on women. The results show that the exercise is activity that creates the restituted body so as the disciplined body. It is not possible to define, if it is specific social field. The articles content so positive indications as those, which do not comply with the social field definition. Ideal femininity and ideal woman body should be reached by exercising. This ideal woman identity varies from reader's identity, which magazines define as "common" woman. The gender is an important factor that has...
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Inclusion of disabled: demand or supply ? Acceptance from others (biographic approach)
Votrubcová, Eva ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Kandert, Josef (referee)
Disblement is a part of our society. To the core of social life pertains also a social contact which allows us to check up our understanding of social reality and gives us the feedbach of our acting and behavior. According to this feedbach we act. View on handicap as a social construct is stigmatizing. Inequality in society is more often uderstood as the result of interaction. Disabled people have stigmatized identity which further influences the interaction and inclusion to the society. The integration is very important, stands before the interaction and depends on understanding disability by the people without any handicap and also by people with disabilities. Stigmatized persons are considered deviant and can have feelings of loneliness. From the medical point of view the handicap is considered as a restricting factor, which does not allow people with disabilities to perform basic roles in society. The social model regards disability as a construct, which is created by interaction.
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The process of addiction treatment in the fellowship of Alcoholics Anonymous
Němcová, Lucie ; Grygar, Jakub (advisor) ; Hájek, Martin (referee)
This thesis concerns an alternative approach to the alcohol-addiction treatment within the fellowship of Alcoholics Anonymous and highlights the importance of self-help groups in the contemporary society. This worldwide biggest self-help group uses sociologically important processes to achieve a new way of life connected with sobriety. I have studied these processes through the participant observation. Alcoholics Anonymous influences its members through its specific culture which reflects in group rituals, high level of group affiliation, spirituality and co-constructed community story, which bears the member's knowledge. This thesis looks on the transition to identity of the sober alcoholic and the new way of living according to Twelve-Step program of Alcoholics Anonymous through the perspective of drift model of conversion, transition rituals or principles used in the narrative therapy. Within these processes there occurs radical reconstruction of perceptual, cognitive and behavioral schemes which influence the meanings in the interpretation of everyday life and consecutively change the identity of the individual and his social action. These changes of the individual are strengthened by the group members and then gradually spread out of the group boundaries too.
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Analysis of biographical narratives using computer-assisted text analysis
Čepelák, Václav ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Soukup, Petr (referee)
Besides the social survey data, texts have been an important source of sociological data since the beginning of the development of sociological methodology. Text analysis methods contain two main branches of development: Bernard Berelson's content analysis and Hans-Georg Gadamer's hermeneutic analysis. Both these methodological branches have been influenced by the development of information technologies in the last twenty years. The thesis presented here deals with one of the methods of computer text analysis (CATA), which stands on the border between these two methodological streams, a method of analyzing words' collocations in texts. The thesis presents the method in the context of other methods of text analysis, and mentions sources of inspiration for further development of these methods - corpus linguistics and text mining. The second part discusses the different steps of words' collocation analysis: building a text corpus, dictionary compilation, calculation of data matrix and visualisation of words' distances using multidimensional scaling (MDS). The method is also applied to a specific data, two text corpora compiled from transcripts of biographical interviews with actors of Czechoslovak normalization - with dissidents and Communist functionaries. Quality of the models is assessed, depending...
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The moral argumentation of the juniors and seniors: a possible impact on the intergenerational relationships.
Pilátová, Soňa ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Trusinová, Romana (referee)
Does basic moral or normative system exist within the frame of the collective consciousness of the contemporary Czech society? Does the old generation have similar view on moral problems as the young people? These are the topics that are questioned by the bachelor thesis, the main aim is to explore moral argumentation of both generations. The data were collected by using the focus groups methodology. During the discussions the groups representing both generations were analyzing the moral dilemmas. The final outcomes show that the different generations of nowadays society consider the same moral values but through the different theories in ethics in some cases.
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