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The diagnosis of school maturity in relation to the pupil's adaptation to the 1st year of primary school
Hnyková, Radka ; Šturma, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the determination of the development characteristics of the period from the age of three to eight (i.e. pre-school and younger school age). The principal focus is on the issue of school maturity, the possibilities of its diagnosis and the pupils' adaptation to the first year of primary school. The empirical part introduces a quantitative research focused on some diagnostic methods (the Orientation Test of School Maturity - Orientační test školní zralosti, the Knowledge Test of Pre-school Children - Zkouška znalostí předškolních dětí and The Star - Wave Test) and the possibility of using these methods for predicting a child's adaptation to the first year of primary school. The thesis aims to examine how these methods could be used and also to show the possible limits related to using these methods. Keywords: school maturity, diagnostics, postponement, preschool age, primary schoool matriculation, adaptation
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Personal Conceptions of Death and Experienced Meaningfulness of Life
Kaplan, Cyril ; Loneková, Katarína (advisor) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (referee)
This study concentrates on psychology of death and psychology of meaning of life. The primary goal is to survey personal conceptions of death as a state. Theoretical part of this study presents psychological view on topics of death and human percieving of awareness of their own mortality, outlines intercultural view on common motives across eschatologies and their relation to various psychological and philosophical approaches on death, and summarizes certain aspects of ontogenesis of death conceptions. One chapter focuses on dimensions of psychological construct of meaning in life. Other chapter resumes previous psychological research on areas of psychology of death and psychology of meaningfulness of life. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used to explore our topic. To get descriptions of personal conceptions of death as state in population of young adults, qualitative methodes were used. Scales were administered to access levels of death anxiety and meaning in life, strenghts of belief in an afterlife, and to monitor emotions regarding own images of death as state. Relationship between death anxiety and emotions regarding own images of death as state was proven significant based on research realized on population of 51 young adults. Collected quantitative data did not serve as a...
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Play Therapy for Children in Divorce Situations
Kutilová Kšírová, Daniela ; Junková, Vendula (advisor) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (referee)
The aim of this Theses was to investigate the effect of play therapy on children whose parents are either divorced or divorcing. This study is qualitative, adopting a casuistic approach. In the theoretical part, the stages of divorce, child's adaptation to divorce and individual non- directive play therapy are described. The practical part consists of five case studies showing practical application of play therapy. The analysis is based on ten cases (children aged three to nine years, four boys and six girls). Data were analyzed using open, axial and selective coding. Play therapy for children in divorce situations is an appropriate therapy tool for children whose both parents agree with the treatment and the child meets the indications. Children respond positively to play therapy, they express the family conflict. The results of the study open possibility for further research in the field of non-directive play therapy. Key words: play therapy, non-directive individual play therapy, divorce, adaptation to divorce
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Psychological Aspects of the Father-Daughter Relationship
Matoušková, Lenka ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (referee)
MATOUŠKOVÁ, Lenka. Psychological Aspects of the Father-Daughter Relationship. Prague: The Faculty of Arts of Charles University, 2012. 259 pgs. The final thesis. The title of this work is "Psychological Aspects of Father-Daughter Relationship". In its theoretical part it summarizes mainly Czech, but also some foreign, contributions related to the topic of fatherhood, the specifics of paternal behavior and the importance of a functional father for the psychological development of girls. The issue is also viewed from the perspective of possible negative impacts on the psychological development of women who grew up without their fathers. The analysis is primarily focused on their problems with self- esteem, self-confidence and self-image, identity, emotions and emotional life but also on difficulties in future partner and intimate relationships. The theoretical part, with regard to the research, also discusses the concept of risk and protective factors. It respects the current trend of leaving aside pathogenic and shifting towards salutogenic factors, so it focuses mainly on mapping the protective factors in the psychological development of girls who grew up without their fathers while not excluding the risk factors. In the practical part, the topic is treated in qualitative way using retrospective...
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Ministerial Priesthood as the Assisting Profession
Wendelin, David ; Šturma, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Opatrný, Aleš (referee)
The thesis " Ministerial Priesthood as the Assisting Profession" introduces, in the first part, the general view of the assisting profession as a process having its input, stages, output and anticipated target. It shows the connection and similarity to other assisting professions associated with various difficulties and experience that may be beneficial for priesthood. The assistance provided using the means of the priesthood is perceived as a therapeutical process, the result of which shall be sanation - however, the debt is not understood to be an illness, but a sin, the sanation of which leads to redemption. The second part is focused on the specificity of the ministerial priesthood, while tracing it in the theology of the Gospel according to John, as well as in the historical context of the Czech territory, searching for similarities and differences of priesthood compared to other assisting professions. Keywords assisting profession, process, input / output, difficulty, crisis stage, psychotherapy, guilt, sin, therapy, priesthood, targets, re/sources,
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Usage and application of the Fairy tale test on the selected sample of six and seven-years-old children
Průchová, Petra ; Šírová, Eva (advisor) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (referee)
The Fairy Tale Test (FTT) is a projective personality test designed for children aged 6 to 12 years. FTT is based on the association between fairy tales and unconscious processes. Its goal is to assess the child's personality profile and to offer information not only about single personality traits but also their interrelations. It is possible it effectively employed as a method to assess eventual personality changes over time or as a tool in clinical or cross-cultural research as well. The Fairy Tale Test was standardized in five countries of the world Greece, Russia, China, India and Turkey, at the present time we effort to set up standard specification also in the Czech Republic. This diploma paper should also contribute to the standardization with administrating FTT and its evaluation to the selected sample of six and seven-years old children. Key words Fairy tales, interpretation of the fairy tales, projective tests, the Fairy Tale Test, younger school age.
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The drawing as an instrument of children communication
Varaďová, Renáta ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (referee)
The theoretical part of the thesis deals with key issues of children's drawings, clinical psychology, development of children's drawing and projective techniques in general. Furthermore, my thesis concentrates on family and its impact on the child. The practical part consists of the research in which I focused on a group of children from 5 to 9 years of age. The subjects of my research are children's drawings of a normal family and an enchanted family. To achieve the objective, I chose a method of work and available literature which deals with human drawing development and child development. Key words: Drawing of family, drawing of enchanted family, family
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Nonverbal factors in psychotherapy of adolescents
Vraná, Klára ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (advisor)
The thesis deals with one of the areas of children's psychology - psychotherapy of adolescents. The study mainly focuses on different non-verbal moments, or factors, occurring at psychotherapeutic sessions held with adolescent patients, and it outlines the possibilities of application of these factors in the psychotherapeutic process. The objective of the thesis is to show that sometimes seemingly insignificant non-verbal moments may play an important role, especially in therapeutic work with adolescents, and therefore therapists should pay increased attention to these symptoms. This also applies in case that a patient was originally indicated a psychotherapy, the main medical treatment medium of which is predominately an interview (for example a family therapy). The thesis is based on one of the assumptions that in general non-verbal methods, in this case at least some of their elements, may work as facilitators of an interview, for example if the patient fails to express certain personal experience of his or her, his/her feeling or emotion with the help of words, or when a therapist fails to enter into verbal communication with the patient.
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The cross-cultural transfer and validation of Butler's self image profile for children
Fried, Martin ; Šturma, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (referee)
The aim of this study was the cross-cultural transfer and validation of the Self Image Profile for Children (Butler, 2001), originally validated for the sample of English children. The questionnaire was translated into Czech language using modified direct and back translation method. The sample was made up by 109 children from two elementary school in Prague, attending from 3rd to 5th grade. Construct validity was explored by comparison with results of Student's Perception of Ability Scale (SPAS), Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (CMAS). The third criterion was average school grade. Factor analysis revealed the same number of domains, but with slightly different item distribution. Reliability measured as the Cronbach's coefficient alpha was the same for Positive Self Image (.69) and better for Negative Self Image (.77) compered to original (.69 both). The results are discussed in connection with theoretical rationale of scale and possibility of further application in Czech background.
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Possibilities and limits of play therapists psychological support to hospitalized children
Vitoušová, Libuše ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (referee) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (advisor)
In this dissertation I tried to introduce play work and job of play specialists. Play work is used to treat children's and their parent's emotional and behavioral problems. Play therapists do never act as nurse or doctor. Their job is to guide child and its parents throw hospitalization, communicate with them, and be present to help them solve their problems or answer their questions. They also act as communication bridge between doctors and clients. In my research I was interviewing thirteen therapists to get information about their opinions, needs, and experiences, based on their work. All of the specialists agreed that they see their work as meaningful, feeling it's helpful for clients. They all have very good work motivation. To cover their needs, they would like to have more education, supervisory control, consultation, and trainings. They feel possible problems in following up those needs, to find own position in the work team, sometimes even communicating with children or parents. In spite of that they can feel satisfaction with their work and social support, and also feel positive feedback about their job. There is very good cooperation between specialists.
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