|
|
Evolution of Human chin
Cvrčková, Lucie ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (referee)
Chin is one of the most distinctive features of anatomically modern humans, neither archaic nor Neanderthals had it. The chin is part of symphyseal part of mandibular symphysis and so that represents anatomical structure, it's meaning is not yet fully explained. The goal of the thesis was to summarize evolution of the chin including the importance od the most unique fossil findings. It also aims to explain different types of theories of the chin evolution, that have been formed so far. Among the most recognized present theories belongs dynamic and functional concept and concept of speech development impact on the formation of the chin. The first one takes into account mainly the biomechanical point of view and the development of the chin connects with the resistance of the whole jaw to chewing stress. The development of the chin during evolution was in connection with verticalizing of the symphysis, which is likely associated with non-functional factors such as the gracilization of jaw apparatus including reduction of the protrusion of both jaws as well as the space for tongue. The biomechanic "in vivo" experiments of the human mandible have not yet produced clear results. There are still needed to be addressed in the context of modern methodology. However, it is likely that the chin, as well as other...
|
|
|
Heredity of morphological facial features: geometric morphometric analysis of 3D virtual models of the human face
Suchanová, Gabriela ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Moslerová, Veronika (referee)
In this master thesis, heritability of human facial morphology was observed in families from the phenotypic point of view. With the use of Vectra facial scanner, 3D virtual facial models of 121 individuals from 30 families were taken. Each family was composed of the parents and at least two adult children. Surface nets of the face were evaluated by the geometric morphometrics methods (coherent point drift - dense correspondence analysis, principal component analysis, Hotteling T2 test). Facial dimensions were evaluated by methods of classical anthropometry (Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient, multiple regression analysis, canonical correlations). With the use of geometric morphometrics methods, the whole face, orbitonasal and orbital areas were analysed. In this part of research, no relation was found between facial morphology of parents and children. The difference of distances between children and their parents and children and unrelated individuals was not statistically significant. However, statistically significant similarity was found among siblings compared to unrelated individuals and increased with reducing facial area. The lowest p-values were found for the variability of shape in orbital area. With the use of methods of classical anthropometry, an effect of the sex of children...
|
|
| |
|
|
Utilization of forensic dentistry in indentification of individuals
Fialková, Martina ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Stránská, Petra (referee)
Forensic identification and age estimation has a significant role in cases when the unknown deceased body is found, after mass disasters when it is necessary to distinguish victims, but also in guestion of imigrants. And just these areas are very important part of forensic odontology, because dental development like a complex proces takes place from early foetal life to approximately 20 years of age is less affected by endocrine diseases or nutritional variations than other tissues. Dental age estimate is fundamental mainly in cases of children and young people, which teeth are still growing and they are in different developmental stages. On basis of these stages is possible to obtain very accurate results.
|
|
|
Facial development in children 6 to 12 years old: longitudinal study
Tošovská, Hana ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Zedníková Malá, Pavla (referee)
This study is based on evaluative longitudinal data of facial development in a group of children from 6 to 12 years. The research used three-dimensional models of the faces of 18 girls and 15 boys that were scanned at yearly intervals. These models were used to follow development of the face and its particular areas including analysis of variability (PCA). Developmental changes were observed for each gender separately as well as for the development of sexual dimorphism. Results were visualized by using superimposed color maps of average faces of a particular age group and maps depicting the statistically significant differences in individual areas. The presented data exhibited growth in the face of both genders, while slightly bigger changes in the form of the face were observed in the boys' samples. For girls and boys the most intensive growth was found in the direction of the width and height of the entire face and the nose, especially in the direction of length. These changes took place throughout the whole studied period of growth, yet more intensive growth was evident for girls beginning at age 10 years and for boys from 11 years onward. Shape changes also occurred with age for both genders: the face gradually narrowed, the cheeks flattened and a more retruded position of the forehead...
|
|
|
The analysis of teleradiographs of adult face subjects
Štubňová, Mária ; Eliášová, Hana (advisor) ; Velemínská, Jana (referee)
Analysis of teleradiographs has become widely used as a diagnostic and analytic tool in clinical orthodontics. It is based on exact entered landmarks of soft tissues and skeletal. There was 82 teleradiographs analyzed in this diploma thesis and from this group were 28 men and 54 women. The teleradiographs were measured with program Dolphin Imaging. Afterwards the group of patients was split into groups based on gender and dental classes. The obtained data were analyzed by the help of Steiner analysis and consequently statistically tested. Measured values for each dimension were then compared between the dental classes and surveyed also for differences between genders. These tests were due to non-parametric data distribution done by Kruskal - Walis test. Consequently were the measured data and surveyed differences compared with available publication on the topic.
|
|
|
Facial approximation: An assessment of the principles of the method and analysis of the craniofacial relationships
Zedníková Malá, Pavla ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Beňuš, Radoslav (referee) ; Krásničanová, Hana (referee)
This doctoral thesis is submitted in the form of scientific publications together with theoretical introduction. The present state of knowledge of facial approximation methods is presented in the introduction. Areas of application, principles of the method and classification of the methods according to medium used are briefly described. Accuracy and limits of the method are further described as they form a base of the research of this thesis. Simultaneous existence of multiple prediction guidelines, of which the accuracy is not known or published, is typical characteristic of the facial approximation method. The aim of this thesis was to assess the accuracy of the particular prediction rules for estimation of position and size of facial parts (eyes, nose, lips), and based on the results to recommend the most accurate and suitable guidelines for middle European population. An assessment of the strength of the association between craniofacial shape and the shape of soft tissues in the profile using geometric morphometric methods, and determination of the extent to which it might be possible to predict the latter from the former were the purpose of the second part of the research. Material for this study consisted of 87 lateral head cephalograms of a recent adult Central European population (52 males...
|
|
|
Facial asymmetry and its changes from 3 to 15 years of age:tranversal study
Korbelová, Tereza ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Zemková, Daniela (referee)
Human face is not perfectly symmetrical, slight asymmetry is common in every individual in early childhood. The thesis deals with the evaluation of facial asymmetry in children aged 3 to 15 years on a transversal data set. As a material was used three-dimensional virtual models of the faces of children from Prague and Central Bohemia. The database contained 442 3D facial scans of girls and 396 3D facial scans of boys, divided into the following age categories: 3 - 5 years (116 girls, 98 boys), 6 - 8 years (117 girls, 100 boys), 9 - 11 years (80 girls, 80 boys) and 12 - 15 years (129 girls, 118 boys). Geometric morphometry methods were used to analyze the data, comparing the morphometric data of the corresponding paired structures on the left and right sides of the original image with its mirror counterpart. The results were visualized using super-projected color maps and significance maps. In both sexes, right-side protrusion of facial structures was found in all age categories, which was the assumption of the first hypothesis. The only exception was the nose area in boys aged 12-15. Significant asymmetry of the forehead area was observed in the youngest children and it diminished with age and receded laterally. On the contrary, asymmetry of the cheeks area occurred in older children, later in...
|
|
| |
|
| |
guest ::
