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A role of demethylases from JARID 1 family proteins in forming splicing complex
Volek, Martin ; Stiborová, Marie (advisor) ; Martínek, Václav (referee)
Pre-mRNA splicing is a process in which introns are removed from pre-mRNA and exons are ligated. Recent studies confirm that 80 % of pre-mRNA splicing takes place cotranscriptionally, while the pre-mRNA is still attached to the RNA polymerase II. Therefore, pre-mRNA splicing occurs in close proximity to the chromatin, which might influence pre-mRNA splicing. Chromatin can be modified by several modifications. One chromatin modification is histone 3 lysin 4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3). This histone modification is found in the promoter-proximal region of genes, which are actively transcribed. The levels of this modification depend on the transcription activity RNA polymerase II. Indirect binding between H3K4me3 and the U2 snRNP particle via chromo- domain protein CHD1 has been proposed. After demethylation of H3K4me3, the role of this histone modification in forming of splicing complex can be possibly explained. Demethylation of H3K4me3 is catalyzed by the demethylase, JARID1C (Jmj domain, ARID domain). cDNA for JARID1C was cloned into a plasmid. After overexpression of JARID1C in HeLa cells, reduced levels of H3K4me3 were observed by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Differences in mobility of snRNP particles in HeLa cells were measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). For U2...
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Pulse proteolysis in evaluation of conformational stability of cytochromes b5
Maroušková, Růžena ; Martínek, Václav (advisor) ; Hudeček, Jiří (referee)
Mixed-function oxidases play a major role in the metabolism of xenobiotics. The main component of this system is the cytochrome P450, it oxidizes substrates coming into our body to more polar products. Another component of mixed-function system - the cytochrome b5 (cyt b5) is able to modulate the function of cytochrome P450, the mechanism of this modulation is yet unknown. However, it is believed that it could be mediated via transfer of electron or allosteric modulation of cytochrome P450 caused by interaction with cyt b5. The aim of this thesis was to find and prepare analogs of cyt b5, which are unable to transfer electrons to cytochrome P450 and simultaneously are structurally very similar to native cyt b5. The conformational stability of cyt b5 and its analogs was monitored using pulse proteolysis. This method employs proteases to cleave the evaluated protein at varying concentration of a denaturant. For soluble proteins, urea is typically used as denaturant in combination with thermolysin as protease. While for membrane proteins, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is usually used as denaturant together with subtilisin as protease. The aim of this thesis was to use these methods to compare a conformational stability of the native human cyt b5 with apo-cyt b5 and analogs of the cyt b5 reconstituted...
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Use of the game Minecraft in teaching chemistry
Mrvová, Marie ; Míka, Luděk (advisor) ; Martínek, Václav (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to introduce the digital game Minecraft Education as a didactic tool in teaching chemistry. The theoretical part deals with the issue of integrating digital games into education, especially into science education. It defines the concepts and presents the advantages and disadvantages that are associated with the implementation of digital games in teaching. The history of the development of digital games and the digitalisation of education in our country is also briefly mapped. In the practical part, the game Minecraft Education is introduced. The tools and features that enable its use in chemistry classes are described. Its educational potential is explored and the problems associated with its integration into the classroom are outlined. Keywords digital game, video game, computer game, education, game-based learning, chemistry teaching, Minecraft Education
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Teaching chemistry at high school - experimental part, proposals of chemical experiments suitable for chemical education at high school
Boguschová, Veronika ; Petrželová, Simona (advisor) ; Martínek, Václav (referee)
The experiment is an integral part of chemistry education. The use of food and natural materials effectively connects chemistry learning with everyday life. Suitable foods for this purpose are, for example, lentil-shaped candies (lentils). There are lentils from many manufacturers on the market, differing in the types of dyes used. The dyes used are both natural and synthetic. The diverse properties of these dyes allow the use of lentils for teaching different topics in chemistry. Lentils coloured with natural dyes can be used for laboratory exercises focusing on pH and acid-base indicators. In combination with experiments with extracts from natural materials, they can also be used to teach qualitative analysis and UV-VIS spectroscopy. In the diploma thesis, two laboratory exercises were designed on the analysis of dyes used in the food industry, which were later validated on secondary school students Synthetic dyes often differ in their polarity, which can be used in laboratory exercises focused on separation methods, specifically in this work for teaching chromatography and extraction. For these purposes yellow, green and blue synthetically coloured lentils are used. Proposed laboratory exercise has also been validated with secondary school students. Methodological guidelines were written for the...
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Influence of animations on pupils' motivation and academic achievements in Science education
Šarboch, David ; Teplá, Milada (advisor) ; Martínek, Václav (referee) ; Ganajová, Mária (referee)
The dissertation deals with the influence of interactive educational animations on the motivation and academic achievements of pupils. Currently, student motivation in teaching is a much discussed topic (Ikwuka et al., 2017). The authors of many studies, as well as the creators of national curricula, declare that it is necessary to focus on the transition from traditional teaching methods (eg. frontal teaching) to methods that activate pupils. At the same time, we are currently observing the low popularity of science subjects among primary and secondary school pupils (Szarka et al., 2014). Therefore, it is advisable to come up with methods that, on the one hand, create an interactive environment in which students can develop their knowledge, skills and competences, and on the other hand, interest and motivate students to further work. Thus, the main goal of the dissertation is to find out how animation affects the motivation and academic results of secondary school students (especially in science subjects). A didactic tool that could help fulfill these facts is educational animation. The majority of authors who deal with the issue of educational animations agree on the positive contribution of their use in classes in many aspects, however, there is currently a lack of research that has dealt with...
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Materials for education in biochemistry at secondary school - smooth and skeletal muscle
Honomichl, Petr ; Martínek, Václav (advisor) ; Teplá, Milada (referee)
Modern society gives humanity many guarantees and many benefits. Although one of the biggest problems nowadays is that most of us spend much time sitting at computers or TVs. Another problem is the excess of an unsuitable diet, which threatens our health. This lifestyle harms our health and contributes to the outbreak of diseases in civilization, among other things. These diseases are the leading cause of death in civilized countries. It is no wonder that some parts of society are already aware of this issue, and its goal is to motivate people to spend their free time actively, for example, with regular exercise or sports. It is necessary to emphasize the relationship between health problems and a sedentary lifestyle by integrating such topics into teaching grammar school subjects. We could combine chemistry, biology and physical education with helping students find new ways to understand the importance of physical activity. The work focuses on skeletal and smooth muscle because it is closely related to movement and is also the subject of teaching in secondary schools. However, in the current teaching materials, this topic is conceived rather descriptively, with students learning many medical terms, and the interpretation of the mechanism of muscle activity is limited to skeletal muscles. This...
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USB-microscope in chemistry and geology - a toy for geeks or a teaching aid?
Kopecký, Ondřej ; Šmejkal, Petr (advisor) ; Martínek, Václav (referee)
Microscopes are often used in school environments to give students insight into the microworld, whether (especially) to observe small objects in biology, but also in chemistry or geology. A stereoscopic microscope, in other words a binocular, is usually used to observe opaque objects. These devices make it possible to examine larger, opaque and three-dimensional samples. In recent decades, the so-called USB-microscope has appeared on the market and in technical fields, which could be an alternative to binoculars due to its properties such as durability and small device dimensions. However, these devices are not widely used in teaching yet, but the question is whether their use would not cause difficulties or be less illustrative for teaching, eg due to the limited field of view of the USB-microscope compared to binolup. In this regard, the work deals with the observation of binoculars and USB-microscope in terms of motivation of students in working with the device and also tries to evaluate the user experience of students in working with these devices. For this purpose, a teaching activity was prepared for working with a binolup and a USB-microscope, in which students used a binolup and a USB-microscope to determine the crystallographic system, their chemical composition and the associated shape of...
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Lipids in the Context of High School Education
Staníček, Jan ; Martínek, Václav (advisor) ; Teplá, Milada (referee)
For more than 15 years, in the Czech Republic there has been the Grammar School Educational Program (here known as RVP G), which forces teachers to use more didactic and pedagogical knowledge in teaching. Unfortunately, suitable materials are not always available to provide such training (e.g., for the topic of "lipids"). This work then deals with the concept of lipids in textbooks and theses, and especially with the creation of new materials on selected subtopics to lipids and their testing in teaching. The results of this work will show that the topic of lipids is not processed well enough in selected textbooks according to selected criteria. Probably because the textbooks used are outdated. Other results will show that other authors have already solved this problem in their final theses by creating new materials that meet the selected criteria. Unfortunately, current lipid teaching aids lack recent practical biochemical knowledge, tasks to fix this knowledge and develop practical skills. Thus, this work aims to contribute to the pool of educational materials by creating new materials that will meet the requirements mentioned above, cowering these main topics - atherosclerosis, diseases of affluence, cholesterol, metabolism and relationships of macronutrients in the human body, omega-3 fatty...
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