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Intracranial Aneurysms - Treatment Options and Natural Course. Safety and Efficacy of Treatment Strategies for Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysms.
Petr, Ondřej ; Beneš, Vladimír (advisor) ; Haninec, Pavel (referee) ; Přibáň, Vladimír (referee)
BACKGROUND: Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms are an uncommon, heterogeneous group of aneurysms with poorer neurological outcomes compared to other intracranial aneurysms. At first, as part A, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatment strategies for PICA-aneurysms. Subsequently, as part B, we performed a multicenter retrospective study to analyze the outcome in a large series of patients treated with contemporary microsurgical and endovascular techniques. METHODS: For the meta-analysis, a systematic search of Medline, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science was done for studies published through November 2015. We included studies that described treatment of PICA-aneurysms with ≥10 patients. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the following outcomes: complete occlusion, technical success, periprocedural morbidity/mortality, stroke rates, aneurysm recurrence/rebleed, CN-palsies rates, and long-term neurological morbidity/mortality. As the second part, aiming to report the current trends and results in treatment strategies for PICA-aneurysms, records of 94 patients treated for PICA-aneurysms between 2000 and 2015 at 3 large referral neurovascular centers were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: In the meta-analysis, we...
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Analysis of the genome of a free-living amoeba Mastigamoeba balamuthi and its comparison with pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica
Žárský, Vojtěch ; Tachezy, Jan (advisor) ; Bruchhaus, Iris (referee) ; Beneš, Vladimír (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Science Department of parasitology Doctoral study programme: Parasitology Abstract (en) Analysis of the genome of a free-living amoeba Mastigamoeba balamuthi and its comparison with pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica Mgr. Vojtěch Žárský Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Jan Tachezy, Ph.D. Praha, 2020 Abstract Examination and comparison of organisms have been tremendously important for the study of life's history on earth. The progress of our understanding of the genetic basis of heredity and the recent boom of sequencing technologies allows us to continue in this exciting field of research from the perspective of genes and genomes. In this work, I focus on the study of an anaerobic amoeba Mastigamoeba balamuthi, which is related to an important human pathogen Entamoeba histolytica. Comparative analysis allows us to draw some conclusions about the nature of the common ancestor of Mastigamoeba and E. histolytica, how it adapted to the anaerobic lifestyle, and about the way the Entamoeba lineage evolved to become a successful parasite. Surprisingly we also noticed that besides hydrogenosomes (hydrogen-producing organelles related to mitochondria), M. balamuthi also harbors peroxisomes - organelles thought to be absent in anaerobic organisms. This finding motivated us to inquire more about...
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Genomics and cell biology of oxymonads
Treitli, Sebastian Cristian ; Hampl, Vladimír (advisor) ; Brune, Andreas (referee) ; Beneš, Vladimír (referee)
Oxymonads are a group of poorly studied protists living as intestinal endosymbionts in the gut of insects and vertebrates. In this thesis I focused on the study of phylogeny, genomics and cell biology of oxymonads. Using culture-based approaches, we uncovered the hidden diversity of small oxymonads and described one new genus and six new species. In Monocercomonoides exilis, the only oxymonad with a published genome, we investigated the genome organization using fluorescence in situ hybdridization (FISH) against the telomeric regions and single-copy genes. Our results show that the genome is most probably haploid being organized in 6-7 chromosomes. Annotation of the genome revealed that the DNA replication and repair mechanisms in M. exilis are canonical and they seem more complete than those of other metamonads whose genomes are available. Although M. exilis lacks in any traces of mitochondria, its genome annotation revealed that other cellular systems do not markedly differ from other eukaryotes. Our taxon-rich phylogenetic analyses suggested that the genus Monocercomonoides is closely related to the oxymonad Streblomastix strix, which is found exclusively in the gut of the termites. Streblomastix strix, as opposed to M. exilis, is highly adapted to harbour bacterial ectosymbionts. Since S. strix...
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Pathophysiological mechanisms in idiopathic scoliosis
Boček, Václav ; Štětkářová, Ivana (advisor) ; Beneš, Vladimír (referee) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
Pathophysiological mechanisms in idiopathic scoliosis A neurophysiological study of cortical and spinal inhibitory circuits and myogenic aspects of idiopathic scoliosis Author: MUDr. Václav Boček Supervisor: prof. MUDr. Ivana Štětkářová, CSc. INTRODUCTION: Although adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) represents the most common spinal deformity, its aetiology remains still unknown. The origins of the disease are spotted at the local level (the spine and the paraspinal muscles) and/ or general - endocrinological (melatonin, leptin), sensory (vestibular system, impaired own body image) and at the level of motor cortex, where the impaired sensorimotor integration has not been properly debated nor documented. The central inhibitory mechanisms are still somewhat omitted. AIM OF THE STUDY: Our study was focused on local changes at the level of paraspinal muscles and central inhibitory mechanisms at the brain and spinal cord level. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We compared AIS patients and healthy controls (HC). Firstly We performed needle EMG of paraspinal muscles. Secondly perioperative muscle biopsies were collected during correctional surgery focused on the distinguishing type I and II muscle fibres proportion. We also studied spinal inhibition with the spinal inhibitory reflex cutaneous silent period. Motor...
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Therapeutic use of ultrasound in patients with cerebrovascular diseases.
Kuliha, Martin ; Školoudík, David (advisor) ; Beneš, Vladimír (referee) ; Tomek, Aleš (referee)
Background: Sonolysis is an important factor in therapeutic use of ultrasound in patients with cerebrovascular diseases, it is ultrasound induced lysis of thrombus or embolus. The aim of this work was to asses safety and efficacy of therapeutic ultrasound effect (sonolysis) in acute stroke patients and in patients undergoing carotid artery intervention. First partial aim of this work was to confirm the safety and efficacy of endovascular sonolysis by using the EkoSonic Endovascular System in subjects with acute ischemic stroke. Second partial aim of this work was to test the clinical efficacy of sonolysis for reducing the risk of incidence of new brain ischaemic lesions detected on brain magnetic resonance imaging in patients undergoing elective CEA or CAS for severe internal carotid stenosis. In addition, we assessed the effects of sonolysis on cognitive function, morbidity, and mortality at 30 days post-surgery. Methods: Patients with acute ischemic stroke and occlusion of the middle cerebral artery or basilar artery were enrolled consecutively to the prospective study tested safety and efficacy of endovascular sonolysis using the EkoSonic Endovascular System (EKOS) in patients with acute stroke. The control group (44 MCA and 12 BA occlusions) was selected from historical controls. EkoSonic...
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Optimalised indications for microsurgical and endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms.
Štekláčová, Anna ; Beneš, Vladimír (advisor) ; Přibáň, Vladimír (referee) ; Zvěřina, Eduard (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze 1. lékařská fakulta Autoreferát disertační práce Optimalizace indikací chirurgického a endovaskulárního ošetření intrakraniálních aneurysmat Anna Štekláčová 2018 2 Doktorské studijní programy v biomedicíně Univerzita Karlova v Praze a Akademie věd České republiky Obor: Neurovědy Předseda oborové rady: Prof. MUDr. Karel Šonka, DrSc. Školicí pracoviště: Neurochirurgická a neuroonkologická klinika 1. LF UK a ÚVN, Praha Školitel: Prof. MUDr. Vladimír Beneš, DrSc. Disertační práce bude nejméně pět pracovních dnů před konáním obhajoby zveřejněna k nahlížení veřejnosti v tištěné podobě na Oddělení pro vědeckou činnost a zahraniční styky Děkanátu 1. lékařské fakulty. 3 Obsah Abstrakt - Česky ..................................................................................... 4 Abstract - English ................................................................................... 5 Úvod........................................................................................................ 6 Hypotézy a cíle studie............................................................................. 6 Materiál a metody ................................................................................... 7 Výsledky...
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Wireless sensor network
Beneš, Vladimír ; Pavlík, Michal (referee) ; Bohrn, Marek (advisor)
The bachelor thesis describes the design and implementation of wireless sensor network for temperature measurement. Network have to meet requirements for multi-hop network-type. That means, the sensor unit is out of the range, information about the measured temperature will be transfer between sensors. The sensor that is in range of the control unit and will have saved data from multiple sites, to transmit all the data controller. The sensors and the control unit are controlled by a microcontroller and a battery-powered for better mobility. The transfer of measurement data uses free zone for short-range devices - 433 MHz.
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Wireless sensor network
Beneš, Vladimír ; Pavlík, Michal (referee) ; Bohrn, Marek (advisor)
The bachelor thesis describes the design and implementation of wireless sensor network for temperature measurement. Network have to meet requirements for multi-hop network-type. That means, the sensor unit is out of the range, information about the measured temperature will be transfer between sensors. The sensor that is in range of the control unit will retransmit data from multiple sites to the main device. The sensors and the control unit are controlled by a microcontroller and a battery-powered for better mobility. The transfer of measurement data uses free zone for short-range devices - 433 MHz.
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