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Michael Walzer's conception of social criticism. The debate between the liberals and the communitarians
Kubeczka, Aleš ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Velek, Josef (referee) ; Hrubec, Marek (referee)
The autor aims to specify Michael Walzer's place in the discussion between the liberals and the communitarians in the first part of the work and then to define particular levels of the debate. This task of course reflects both secondary literature and Walzer's own understanding of his part in it. In the second part of the work the author tries to describe possible ways (three paths) of social criticism in the conception of Michael Walzer and deals with its features. The author claims that Walzer's concepton of social criticism suffers of inner inconsistency. Then the author tries to clarify the main critic's arguments and tries to find new ways of argumentation about social criticism. So as the author deals with hermeneutical interpretation and reflects its potential and limits (in the third part of the work). The fourth part of the work interprets Walzer's conception of social criticism with respect to cathegories of power, history and membership. One of the key concept in the grounds of Walzer's conception is concept of shared meanings. Then the author tries to point out some one-sidedness of Walzer's concept and deals with Walzer's conception of the tolerantion and criticism of foreing political communities.
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Polemics about the negative and positive freedom in contemporary political philosophy
Smelík, Vít ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Bíba, Jan (referee)
This thesis concentrates on the polemics about negative and positive freedom, which was initiated by Isaiah Berlin who considered this concept as important sign of liberal political theory. The author starts with the analysis of "Two Concepts of Liberty" by Isaiah Berlin, and then complements this analysis with the reflections of three more authors - Gerald MacCallum, Jr., Charles Taylor and Philip Pettit - who either wrote in direct reaction to Berlin's essay, or were indirectly influenced by it. The goal of the thesis is the confrontation of their conclusions with Berlin's original arguments and the demonstration of the author's own understanding of political liberty.
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Supreme Court at the bar of politics
Holubová, Eliška ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Klepárník, Vít (referee)
Diplomová práce s názvem "Nejvyšší soud USA coby kormidlo moci a vývoje" si klade otázku, jakou roli hraje v politickém systému americký Nejvyšší soud. Akcentována je jeho pravomoc ústavního přezkumu a ochránce individuálních práv, dále je analyzována jeho povaha v rámci systému oddělení mocí a pozice mocenského a společenského hráče. Úvodní část práce se věnuje náčrtu ústavního zakotvení Nejvyššího soudu, následuje rozbor pozice Nejvyššího soudu v systému brzd a rovnováh, převážnou část textu nicméně tvoří analýza vybraných soudních precedentů, které změnily tvář moderní americké společnosti.
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Ethnicity: in search of concept
Bulant, Matěj ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Bíba, Jan (referee)
This thesis is an attempt to deal with a challenge that I wrestled with during my fieldwork in Bukovec: how to conceptualize the diversity of collective identities that I identified there. I decided to use the anthropological concept of Ethnicity. Nevertheless, after the publication of Barth's Introduction to Ethnic Groups and Boundaries in 1969, this concept was used in so many ways by so many authors that there is no general definition of it. Therefore, I decided to redefine ethnicity in this paper. I assume that the meanings of denotations such as ethnic group and ethnicity are overlapping with the meaning of other words. Therefore, I delimitated it from the words race and nation in the negative sense, and, on the other side, I also constituted a positive meaning by analysis of journalist discourse.
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The Civic forum in the process of creation of Czech party system
Bureš, Jan ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (referee) ; Vaněk, Miroslav (referee)
The Abstract This thesis deals with the process of creation, development and the downfall of the Civic Forum. This process is herewith included to the wider frame of the process of formation of the Czech party system. The Civic Forum represented not only one of the main actor of political development in the first year of transformation, but also the base of creation of some important political parties and movements in the 1990. This thesis is time allowanced by the November 17th, 1989 on one side, and by the end of February, 1991, when the Civic Forum is divided, on the other side. In the first chapter the author deals with the development of Czechoslovak communist regime and the opposition in the years 1987-1989. He follows the change of international political situation of Czechoslovak regime in context of changes in the soviet bloc in the consequence of political and economical reforms in the USSR. The second and most large chapter of this thesis deals with the foundation of Civic Forum and the process of negotiations between representatives of Civic Forum and communist government in November and December of 1989. The author analyse the functional mechanisms of Civic Forum in first two months, its main strategies and the changes of these strategies, the modes of the communication of Civic Forum with the...
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Cleavages and ideological blocks in the Czech and Slovak party systems after 1989
Hynčica, Pavel ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (referee) ; Reschová, Jana (referee)
M Cleavages and Ideological Blocks in the Czech and Slovak Party Systems after 1989 This work brings knowledge from the comparison of the Czech and Slovak party systems. Based on long-term monitoring of the development in the field we attempted to point out its relevant characteristic. We compare the ideologically compatible blocks and political parties. Determinants of the formation o f Czech politics were ethnical homogeneity, long tradition of secularization in the Czech Lands and domination o f a single (socio-economic) cleavage line. The political development in Slovakia was influenced by the unsolved national question (position of Slovakia in a multinational state), ethnical heterogeneity, greater importance o f Christianity and religion in the society and many other factors. Consequently, the formation o f Slovak politics was characterized by multiple complicated and specific features. In the Czech Republic, two major blocks formed first: the civic non-socialist block represented mainly by the Civic Democratic Party (ODS), and the socialist block represented by the Czech Social Democratic Party (CSSD), which corresponds to the domination o f the socio-economic cleavage line. The minor poles are mainly parties with the communist identity (as a result of the concentration of the radical left and...
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War: persons and characters. Who wages war in western political-philosophical tradition
Slačálek, Ondřej ; Barša, Pavel (advisor) ; Znoj, Milan (referee)
Válka je konstantou dosud známých dějin Západu. Konstantní ale není její podoba ani podoba jejích aktérů. Abychom porozuměli místu války v západní tradici (a potažmo i v našich životech), je třeba mimo jiné snažit se porozumět proměnám těchto aktérů. Tedy vedle těch, kdo ve válkách bojují, a těch, proti kterým je vedena (a dále také těch, kteří jsou jejími pasivními objekty - civilistů), také proměnám těch, kteří války vedou, rozhodují o válkách, vyhlašují je a ukončují. Předkládaná práce si vybrala právě tyto poslední aktéry válek. Na úvod začněme dvěma ne snad definicemi, ale pracovními vymezeními. Válkou rozumíme stav násilného a více či méně organizovaného a většinou rovněž ozbrojeného potýkání mezi dvěma společenskými celky vyvolaný vzájemně se vylučující (ať už skutečně či domněle) mocenskou či symbolickou aspirací. Tím, kdo vede válku, rozumíme osobu nebo kolektivní entitu, která má moc (nikoli nutně pravomoc) rozhodnout či případně rozhodovat o válčení toho kterého společenského celku. Může či nemusí splývat s tím, kdo válčí (rytířstvo), nebo dokonce s celým společenským celkem (třída, hnutí), za nějž rozhoduje. Klíčovou otázkou práce je, jak se proměňoval tento rozhodnutí činící subjekt války, jaké měl v jednotlivých svých podobách charakteristiky, zda jsou v něčem shodné a v čem se naopak...
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